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The effectiveness of legislative and voluntary strategies to prevent ocean plastic pollution: Lessons from the UK and South Pacific Full text
2021
Tudor, David T. | Williams, Allan T.
The islands of the South Pacific contribute a fraction of the mis-managed plastics in the world's ocean, yet the region is one of the main recipients of its impacts. Based on expert interviews and a review of current strategies to prevent marine plastic pollution in six countries (Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Tonga, Vanuatu, United Kingdom), this paper identifies several interventions – legislative, financial, voluntary - which governments, organisations and individuals can learn from. Both voluntary and statutory consumer-based behaviour change campaigns are well developed and somewhat successful in several countries. While sub-national policies do not inhibit progress, they are not optimal. Harmonisation across the territories of federal and devolved systems is beneficial, such as container return schemes, levies, and bans. Vanuatu has displayed high ambition, and the challenges in achieving this serve as a case study. A coordinated global strategy with associated legislation aimed at tackling plastic pollution is critical.
Show more [+] Less [-]Knowledge gaps in ecotoxicology studies of marine environments in Pacific Island Countries and Territories – A systematic review Full text
2020
Varea, Rufino | Piovano, Susanna | Ferreira, Marta
Knowledge gaps in ecotoxicology studies of marine environments in Pacific Island Countries and Territories – A systematic review Full text
2020
Varea, Rufino | Piovano, Susanna | Ferreira, Marta
The Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) are heavily dependent on the marine resources for food security, employment, government revenue and economic development, hence the concern about the potential exposure of these resources to pollutants. The main goal of this review was to identify ecotoxicology studies published that were done in PICTs. Four major gaps were identified: i) a quantitative gap, with low number of studies published on the PICTs; ii) a geographic gap, where ecotoxicology studies have unevenly covered the different PICTs; iii) a temporal gap, as no biological effect monitoring study has so far been published for the PICTs; and, iv) a pollutants gap, as all of the PICTs studies focused mainly on environmental monitoring studying on average two types of pollutants (heavy metals and pesticides) per PICT only. We suggest, therefore, the potential risk to the marine environment to be estimated by assessing the fate of pollutants via chemical and biological effect monitoring.
Show more [+] Less [-]Knowledge gaps in ecotoxicology studies of marine environments in Pacific Island countries and territories-A systematic review Full text
2020
Varea, Rufino | Piovano, Susanna | Ferreira, Marta
The Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) are heavily dependent on the marine resources for food security, employment, government revenue and economic development, hence the concern about the potential exposure of these resources to pollutants. The main goal of this review was to identify ecotoxicology studies published that were done in PICTs. Four major gaps were identified: i) a quantitative gap, with low number of studies published on the PICTs; ii) a geographic gap, where ecotoxicology studies have unevenly covered the different PICTs; iii) a temporal gap, as no biological effect monitoring study has so far been published for the PICTs; and, iv) a pollutants gap, as all of the PICTs studies focused mainly on environmental monitoring studying on average two types of pollutants (heavy metals and pesticides) per PICT only. We suggest, therefore, the potential risk to the marine environment to be estimated by assessing the fate of pollutants via chemical and biological effect monitoring.
Show more [+] Less [-]Soils and groundwater pollution and remediation
1999
Huang, P. M. | Iskandar, I. K. (Iskandar Karam)
"Soils and Groundwater Pollution and Remediation explores the toxic levels of metals radionuclides inorganics, and anthropogenic organic compounds found in the soils and groundwater of Asia, Africa, and Oceania. This 14-chapter book reviews the distribution, transformation and dynamics of the pollutants. The authors also reflect on the impact of acid rain."--Jacket.
Show more [+] Less [-]Bibliography on marine pollution problems in the Pacific Islands
1994
Morrison, R. J. | Rao, Ganeshan
