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The oxygen balance of the Crnojevica river water [Montenegro, Yugoslavia]
2001
Djuraskovic, P. | Tomic, N. (Republicki hidrometeoroloski zavod, Podgorica (Yugoslavia))
The balance of production and respiration processes in water of Crnojevica river (Montenegro, Yugoslavia) has been estimate, over the estimate correlation between significant parameters of water quality (BOD, % saturation of O2, pH). Correlation between these parameters is established. The balances exist in stationary conditions. But, impact of precipitation is disturbing this state. The hydrodynamic conditions at underground flow and wastewater effluent from the town Cetinje area, has been influence for it, too. The data are referring to small and middle water state.
Show more [+] Less [-]State of the art for animal wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands
2001
Hunt, P.G. | Poach, M.E.
Although confined animal production generates enormous per-unit-area quantities of waste, wastewater from dairy and swine operations has been successfully treated in constructed wetlands. However, solids removal prior to wetland treatment is essential for long-term functionality. Plants are an integral part of wetlands; cattails and bulrushes are commonly used in constructed wetlands for nutrient uptake, surface area, and oxygen transport to sediment. Improved oxidation and nitrification may also be obtained by the use of the open water of marsh-pond-marsh designed wetlands. Wetlands normally have sufficient denitrifying population to produce enzymes, carbon to provide microbial energy, and anaerobic conditions to promote denitrification. However, the anaerobic conditions of wetland sediments limit the rate of nitrification. Thus, denitrification of animal wastewaters in wetlands is generally nitrate-limited. Wetlands are also helpful in reducing pathogen microorganisms. On the other hand, phosphorus removal is somewhat limited by the anaerobic conditions of wetlands. Therefore, when very high mass removals of nitrogen and phosphorus are required, pre- or in-wetland procedures that promote oxidation are needed to increase treatment efficiency. Such procedures offer potential for enhanced constructed wetland treatment of animal wastewater.
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