Various physical, chemical and biological methods are used in complex investigations which are aimed at determining the quality of water. One of the oldest but also most widely accepted biological mathods is determination of saprobity on the basis of bioindicators. In application of these methods the existing lists of the indicators are most frequently used (Sladacek 1973, SEV 1977). In these lists only nine types of red algae (Rhodophyta) are specified as indicators of water quality. One of the main trends in development of algaeology in Serbia (Yugoslavia) is investigation of autoecological properties of algae and making a list of water quality indicator algae suited to the specific ecological conditions in water ecosystems of Serbia (Yugoslavia). The objective of this paper is to present information about apperance of red algae in the rivers of Serbia (Yugoslavia) and influence of physico-chemical factors upon their development, which represents a contribution to making of the above mentioned list of the water quality indicator algae.

The Mostonga, once the tributary of the Danube river, now a water-stream with a conducted regime it represents an important water-streams in West Backa (Serbia, Yugoslavia). The most wide-spread hydrophytes (i.e. plant species with the biggest abundance, covering values and occurrence degree) are: Wolffia arrhiza, Lemna gibba, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Spirodela polyrrhiza, Ceratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadensis, Vallisneria spiralis, Stratiotes aloides, Nuphar lutea, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Typha angustifolia, Typha latifolia and Phragmites communis. Based on the analysis of bioindicating values of mentioned hydrophytes of the Mostonga it can be concluded that the present plant species are significant indicators of eutrophication (considerable organic pollution) as well as the increased contents of nitrogen and nitrogen compounds (nutrients), presence of salt in the soil and weakly aerated and mud base.

The river Gvozdac (Serbia, Yugoslavia) is a small hill water current. It is situated on the mountain Goc and it belongs to the river basin of the river Ibar. During 1965, water micro-reservoir "Gvozdac" on the river Gvozdac was built for the hydroenergetic purposes, with the capacity of about 30,000 cubic meter and the maximum depth, in the present situation of about 2.5 m. Algological and saprobiological enquires have been performed on the water micro-reservoir, on the very river Gvozdac, on the river Ribnica and on some smaller stagnant waters on the given area, in the period between 1988-1994. The analysis have been shown that under the influence of antropogenic factors changes became apparent in the confluence and structure of algae flora as well as a degradation of water quality. The example of water micro-reservoir on the river Gvozdac indicates the destructive processes which are being developed in water micro-reservoirs and which should be stopped, as the significance of the small stagnant waters are not only in keeping and improvement of qualities of greater aquatorials and water tributaries of the river basins but also in the storing of biodiversity of aquatic assotiations in river basins (as well as in algae flora as one of the components).

The paper deals with the results of the phytoplankton investigations carried out in the 7 localities along the Yugoslav section of the Tisza river in the period of 13 Februar - 3 March 2000, after accidental pollution with the cyanide and heavy metals. Although certain decrease in the density of the phytoplankton and variation in the qualitative and quantitative composition were recorded, there are no significant differences in comparison with the data before accident. The short-term and possible long-term consequences were recognized, having in mind ability of algae to accumulate pollutants into their cells, and that algae are the first link on food chains. Since the content of pollutants increases with every next member in the chain, it is easy to assume cumulative effect of the all previous members.

During complex studies of phytoplankton, the role of particular phytoplankton groups was examined, as one of important indicators of eutrophic processes in the Bay of Boka Kotorska (Adriatic sea, Montenegro (Yugoslavia)). Throughout summer 1999, investigations have been performed at representative locations (Kotor, Tivat and Hercegnovi bays) at the depths of 0, 5, 10 and 20 m. Maximal values of microphytoplankton were found in Kotor Bay in July (2.1 x 10**6 cells/cubic dm). In Tivat Bay, maximal values of microphytoplankton were found in June, although they were ten times lower (2.4 x 10**5 cells/cubic dm). In the Bay of Hercegnovi, mean values were lower, while maximal quantity of microphytoplankton was found in August (2.6 x 10**3 cells/cubic dm). In the Boka Kotorska Bay, the maximal percentage of 95% of the group Bacillariophyceae was found in the most productive surface layers at the depths of 0 and 5 m. The impact of eutrophication was the most visible in the Kotor Bay. It decreased towards the open sea. Diatoms populations (Bacillariophyceae) were dominant in the Bay, while the participations of other groups is insignificant. Consequently, it means that Bacillariophyceae are the most adapted group to the eutrophic conditions of the Boka Kotorska Bay.

During hydrobiological investigations of the river Dulenska (Serbia, Yugoslavia) in June 1996, algological samples were taken at this river. In the algae community are found 34 taxa from two divisio: Bacillariophyta (28) and Chlorophyta (6). While qualitative composition of the algae colony was relativelly uniformed quantitative one was changeable along the course of the Dulenska river. By saprobiological analysis, it was found that the quality of water was changing along the course of the river. At the upper and middle course of river the water belonging to the second class. At lower course of the river (below Rekovac) water quality was getfing worse and it belonging to the third class.

In this paper there were given research results obtained during many years of investigation of hydrophytes of the Tisza river, Serbia (Yugoslavia), and their bioindicating values. The plant world of the Tisza river is characterized by floristical diversity, with three characteristics band: band of submerged, band of floating and band of emerged hydrophytes. Among submerged plants these are distinguished by abundance, covering values and occurrence degree: Ceratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadaensis, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton perfoliatus and Potamogeton pectinatus. In the floating band species of the fam. Lemnaceae: Lemna minor, Lemna gibba, Spirodela polyrrhiza and Potamogeton fluitans are most frequent. In the closest coastal band, these species are most frequent: Typha angustifolia, Typha latifolia, Phragmites communis, Sagittaria sagittifolia and Typhoides arundinacea. On the basis of determined floristical composition and bioindicating values there can be noticed the organic pollution increasing trend.

The main characteristics of catchment area of Boka Kotorska Bay (Adriatic sea, Montenegro, Yugoslavia), are high slope, carstic structure of ground, high precipitation (over 5000 mm a year) and high run-off of rain water. All rainwater is transported trough carstic ground structures quickly appearing in numerous sources along the sea cost or ones located on the bottom of the Bay. The large volume of freshwater which permanently empty into the Bay has the strong influence on the aquatic environment (salinity, temperature, transparency, etc.) and biota (abundance of the species) as it has been observed in the parts of Boka Kotorska Bay (i.e. Morinj and Risan Bays). The abundance and number of species are the good indicator of changes of aquatic environment and hydrological changes as well as of the capability of aquatic organisms to adapt quickly on the severe changes of conditions.

The present paper cites results of studying phytoplankton in the Grosnica Water Reservoir, Serbia (Yugoslavia). Seasonal investigations during 1997 and 1998 enabled us to establish composition and structure of the phytoplankton community, quality of the lake's water, and its trophic status. During the period of investigation, the phytoplankton community was characterized by forms of Cyanophyta, Pyrrophyta, Chrysophyta, Bacillariophyta, Euglenophyta and Chlorophyta. Qualitative analysis indicated that algae of the divisions Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta are dominant in the phytoplankton, while saprobiological analysis using bioindicatory algal species showed that water of the Grosnica Water Reservoir during the given period was of the 1st and 2nd quality class.