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Effects of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc on growth, reproduction and survival of the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny): assessing the environmental impact of point-source metal contamination in terrestrial ecosystems.
1994
Spurgeon D.J. | Hopkin S.P. | Jones D.T.
The effects of excess nitrogen deposition on young Norway spruce trees. Part I. The soil
1994
Wilson, E.J. | Skeffington, R.A. (National Power Research and Engineering, Windmill Hill Business Park, Swindon, SN5 6PB (United Kingdom))
Pb uptake by ecologically dissimilar earthworm (Lumbricidae) species near a lead smelter in south Finland
1994
Terhivuo, J. | Pankakoski, E. | Hyvarinen, H. | Koivisto, I. (Zoological Museum, PO Box 17, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki (Finland))
A study of the influence of sewage sludge fertilization on the concentrations of PCDD/F and PCB in soil and milk
1994
McLachlan, M.S. | Hinkel, M. | Reissinger, M. | Hippelein, M. | Kaupp, H. (Ecological Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany))
Effect of soil pH on availability to crops of metals in sewage sludge-treated soils. II. Cadmium uptake by crops and implications for human dietary intake
1994
Smith, S.R. (Water Research Centre, Medmenham, Marlow, Bucks. SL7 2HD (United Kingdom))
Geostatistical analysis of soil contamination in the Swiss Jura
1994
Atteia, O. | Dubois, J.P. | Webster, R. (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, IATE-Pedologie, EPF Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland))
Commentary Article: Regulatory advances - Guide values for contaminated sites in Baden-Wuerttemberg
1994
Trenck, K.T. von der (Landesanstalt fuer Umweltschutz Baden-Wuerttemberg, Karlsruhe (Germany)) | Ruf, J. | Flittner, M.
The treatment of hazardous sites in Baden-Wuerttemberg is based on three legal documents: the state waste disposal act (LAbfG, 1990), the assessment committee directive (Kommissions VO, 1990), and the guide values directive (UM and SM B-W, 1993). The guide values directive was commonly issued by the Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Affairs and the Ministry of the Environment of the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg (UM and SM B-W, 1993) and contains a three-level hierarchy of numerical criteria and rules which serve as both screening levels during the investigation and as remediation objectives. The decision for the appropriate level of remediation is based on feasibility and environmental balance considerations. The levels are ordered as follows: - 1. (Background-Values) On principle, all remediations have to be based first on background levels. In the case of lack of feasibility or negative environmental balance for level-1 objectives use-specific requirements are considered next. - 2. (Assessment-Values for Worst Case Exposure Conditions) The generic requirements underlying level 2 afford appropriate protection for humans regarding the most sensitive uses of the environment. At least four resources are considered on this level: Groundwater as such and its use, the health of humans on contaminated sites, and soil with respect to growth and quality of plants. Barriers against migration of the contaminants, the effect of dilution, and abandonment of certain uses, etc., are not taken into consideration on level 2. - 3. (Site-Specific Requirements) Lack of feasibility or a negative environmental balance of level-2 objectives lead to consideration of site-specific circumstances which may alleviate the requirements.
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