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Optimizing oil spill cleanup efforts: A tactical approach and evaluation framework
2017
Grubesic, Tony H. | Wei, Ran | Nelson, Jake
Although anthropogenic oil spills vary in size, duration and severity, their broad impacts on complex social, economic and ecological systems can be significant. Questions pertaining to the operational challenges associated with the tactical allocation of human resources, cleanup equipment and supplies to areas impacted by a large spill are particularly salient when developing mitigation strategies for extreme oiling events. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the application of advanced oil spill modeling techniques in combination with a developed mathematical model to spatially optimize the allocation of response crews and equipment for cleaning up an offshore oil spill. The results suggest that the detailed simulations and optimization model are a good first step in allowing both communities and emergency responders to proactively plan for extreme oiling events and develop response strategies that minimize the impacts of spills.
Show more [+] Less [-]Oil spill contamination probability in the southeastern Levantine basin
2015
Bowman, Ronald R. | Biṭon, Eli | Brokovich, Eran | Kark, Salit | Levin, Noam
Recent gas discoveries in the eastern Mediterranean Sea led to multiple operations with substantial economic interest, and with them there is a risk of oil spills and their potential environmental impacts. To examine the potential spatial distribution of this threat, we created seasonal maps of the probability of oil spill pollution reaching an area in the Israeli coastal and exclusive economic zones, given knowledge of its initial sources. We performed simulations of virtual oil spills using realistic atmospheric and oceanic conditions. The resulting maps show dominance of the alongshore northerly current, which causes the high probability areas to be stretched parallel to the coast, increasing contamination probability downstream of source points. The seasonal westerly wind forcing determines how wide the high probability areas are, and may also restrict these to a small coastal region near source points. Seasonal variability in probability distribution, oil state, and pollution time is also discussed.
Show more [+] Less [-]Simulated distribution and ecotoxicity-based assessment of chemically-dispersed oil in Tokyo Bay
2014
Koyama, Jiro | Imakado, Chie | Uno, Seiichi | Kuroda, Takako | Hara, Shouichi | Majima, Takahiro | Shirota, Hideyuki | Añasco, Nathaniel C.
To assess risks of chemically-dispersed oil to marine organisms, oil concentrations in the water were simulated using a hypothetical spill accident in Tokyo Bay. Simulated oil concentrations were then compared with the short-term no-observed effect concentration (NOEC), 0.01mg/L, obtained through toxicity tests using marine diatoms, amphipod and fish. Area of oil concentrations higher than the NOEC were compared with respect to use and non-use of dispersant. Results of the simulation show relatively faster dispersion near the mouth of the bay compared to its inner sections which is basically related to its stronger water currents. Interestingly, in the inner bay, a large area of chemically-dispersed oil has concentrations higher than the NOEC. It seems emulsifying oil by dispersant increases oil concentrations, which could lead to higher toxicity to aquatic organisms. When stronger winds occur, however, the difference in toxic areas between use and non-use of dispersant is quite small.
Show more [+] Less [-]Direct simulation of groundwater age [direct age dating]
1997
Engesgaard, P.
Climatic sensitivity of temperate forests
1994
Innes, J.L. (Forestry Commission, Alice Holt Lodge, Wrecclesham, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH (United Kingdom))
Response of six European forest sites to decided and proposed air pollutant emission reductions
1997
Walse, C. | Schopp, W. | Warfvinge, P. (Deptartment of Chemical Engineering II, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00 Lund (Sweden))
Sensitivity of a forest ecosystem model to climate parametrization schemes
1995
Fischlin, A. | Bugmann, H. | Gyalistras, D. (Systems Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ), Grabenstr. 3, CH-8952 Schilieren/Zurich (Switzerland))
Height growth of northern red oak in relation to site and atmospheric deposition in Pennsylvania
1993
McClenahen, J.R. | Long, R.P. (School of Natural Resources, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster (USA))
Application of a conceptual catchment scale nitrate transport model on two rural river basins
1998
Herpe, Y. van | Troch, P.A. | Callewier, L. | Quinn, P.F. (Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, University of Gent, Gent (Belgium))
Modelling long-term cation supply in acidified forest stands
1993
Warfvinge, P. | Falkengren-Grerup, U. | Sverdrup, H. | Andersen, B. (Department of Chemical Engineering II, Lund Institute of Technology, PO Box 124, S-221 00 Lund (Sweden))