The important source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is identified to be energy usage, which the demand is gradually increasing. Currently, many people are exposed to increasing temperatures, which affects to health, environment, and quality of life. Moreover, there are many worries about its continuously increasing trend. This work is interested in studying the association between the annual CO2 emission and the annual mean temperature in Thailand. At a confidence interval of 90%, a statistically significant association between the annual CO2 emission and the annual mean temperature was observed. The appropriate predictive equation represented that the CO2 emission at 0.481 M ton increased the annual mean temperature by about 1°C. The results are useful for planning the reduction of CO2 emissions in Thailand. Fascinatingly, the largest source comes from electricity production, and the most significant energy type is finished oil. Therefore, they should be controlled as the priority. Integrated methods are considered as more efficient strategies for the CO2 crisis.

This study aims to analyze the association between the share of agriculture in GDP and changes in climatic variables, notably per capita CO2 emissions and temperature change, using time series data of India, Bangladesh, and Nepal for the period 1961-2018. The ARDL bounds testing method was applied to analyze the relationships among the research variables for both short-term and long-term. The results revealed that in the long run, per capita CO2 emissions and temperature change have no statistically significant relationship with India and Nepal’s share of agriculture in GDP. However, temperature change has demonstrated a positive and statistically significant relationship with the share of agriculture in Bangladesh’s GDP. Temperature change has a significant and adverse impact on the share of agriculture in India’s GDP in the short run, whereas CO2 has no significant effect. In the short run, CO2 shows a positive and significant connection with the share of agriculture in Bangladesh’s GDP. Still, temperature change is negatively and significantly associated with the proportion of agriculture in the nation’s GDP. Different lag values of both CO2 and temperature change have significant relationships with the share of GDP in agriculture in the short run in Nepal. As agriculture is a key source of GDP for all three countries, it is vital to implement suitable policies and make plans and strategies to mitigate climate change’s harmful consequences in agriculture.