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Performance of wastewater stabilization ponds at different depths
1987
Hosetti, B.B. (Karnatak Univ., Dharwad (India). Dept. of Zoology, Water Pollution Research Lab.) | Patil, H.S.
Effects of alum-treated waste water sludge on barley growth
1998
Wang, F.H. (Quebec Univ., Ste-Foy, Que. (Canada). Inst. National de la Recherche Scientifique) | Couillard, D. | Auclair, J.C. | Campbell, P.G.C.
Metal concentrations in muscle of fish from aquatic systems in East Tennessee, U.S.A.
1986
Blevins, R.D. (East Tennessee State Univ., Johnson City (USA). School of Public and Allied Health, Dept. of Health Sciences) | Pancorbo, O.C.
Cyanogen accumulation in environment during processing of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) for starch and sago
1998
Balagopalan, C. (Central Tuber Crops Research Inst., Trivandrum, Kerala (India). Div. of Crop Utilization and Biotechnology) | Rajalakshmy, L.
Diagnosis of boron, fluorine, lead, nickel and zinc toxicity in citrus plantations in Villarreal, Spain
1997
Aucejo, A. (Valencia Univ., Burjassot (Spain). Dept. de Ingenieria Quimica) | Ferrer, J. | Gabaldon, C. | Marzal, P. | Seco, A.
Temporal and spatial variations in dominance, diversity and biotic indices along a limestone stream receiving a trout farm effluent
1992
Camargo, J.A. (Center of Research and Technology INIA, Madrid (Spain))
The distribution of metals from wastewater in the Mexican Valley of Mezquital
1991
Cajuste, L.J. (Graduate School, Chapingo-Montecillo (Mexico). Soil Chemistry Div.) | Carrillo G, R. | Cota G, E. | Laird, R.J.
Comparative seed germination tests using ten plant species for toxicity assessment of a metal engraving effluent sample
1990
Wang, W. (Illinois State Water Survey, Peoria, IL (USA). Water Quality Section) | Keturi, P.H.
Characterizing the structure of aerobic granular sludge using ultra-high field magnetic resonance
2020
Kirkland, Catherine M. | Krug, Julia R. | Vergeldt, Frank J. | van den Berg, Lenno | Velders, Aldrik H. | Seymour, Joseph D. | Codd, Sarah L. | Van As, Henk | de Kreuk, Merle K.
Despite aerobic granular sludge wastewater treatment plants operating around the world, our understanding of internal granule structure and its relation to treatment efficiency remains limited. This can be attributed in part to the drawbacks of time-consuming, labor-intensive, and invasive microscopy protocols which effectively restrict samples sizes and may introduce artefacts. Time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) allows non-invasive measurements which describe internal structural features of opaque, complex materials like biofilms. NMR was used to image aerobic granules collected from five full-scale wastewater treatment plants in the Netherlands and United States, as well as laboratory granules and control beads. T1 and T2 relaxation-weighted images reveal heterogeneous structures that include high- and low-density biofilm regions, water-like voids, and solid-like inclusions. Channels larger than approximately 50 μm and connected to the bulk fluid were not visible. Both cluster and ring-like structures were observed with each granule source having a characteristic structural type. These structures, and their NMR relaxation behavior, were stable over several months of storage. These observations reveal the complex structures within aerobic granules from a range of sources and highlight the need for non-invasive characterization methods like NMR to be applied in the ongoing effort to correlate structure and function.
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