Following the objective to provide an overview on the spatial and temporal variation in forest condition on a European scale, an extensive systematic survey on more than 6000 so called Level I plots throughout Europe is carried out. Results show a recuparation of crown condition in the mid nineties and a resuming deterioration with nearly a quarter of the sample trees classified as damaged in 2001. Results of statistical evaluations explain the observed variation mainly by weather extremes, insects, fungi and indirect effects of air pollutants via soil acidification or changes in the nutritional status of trees

The investigation was carried out in three areas characterised by different levels and types of PAHs emission. The difference in total amount of PAHs in pine needles from investigated areas was accompanied by a significant changes in mutual ratio of PAHs with different number of rings

48 sites were chosen for the ecological research and monitoring in the area influenced by the Gabcikovo hydropower plant. Decrease and exceptional increase of groundwater level was the main factor, which was expected to cause abrupt and intensive changes in production-ecological parameters, in structure and composition of tree, shrub and herbaceous layers. In chosen sites measurements and observations started in 1987. Abrupt and intensive growth of the leaf area index and improvement of health condition of tree and shrub layer was observed

The aim of the proposed research is to investigate the effects of UV-radiation on chemical composition, palatability and digestibility of summer pasture plants of reindeer. The studies are planned to be conducted in natural peatland ecosystems with (I) enhanced UV-B radiation, provided by UV-B lamps and (II) with UV-filtration experiments with the same plant species in reindeer pastures in the Lappi Reindeer Herding Cooperative in Eastern Finnish Lapland. The results will provide information about the effects of ambient and enhanced UV radiation on summer pastures of reindeer and can be used to evaluate their consequences on reindeer management

An outline of the analyses of experimental material from the 2000 moss survey is given. It includes some selected areas in Central Russia, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia and Serbia. Applying this methodology to areas of Central and Eastern Russia, not yet covered by the European moss surveys, will significantly broaden our understanding of air pollution in Europe

Several investigations about air pollution impact on forests have been carried out in Slovenia during last thirty years, mainly using the Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) as the main bioindication species, but there is a lack of information about common beach (Fagus sylvatica L.) condition, the most important forest tree species in Slovenia and in Zasavje area. The assessment of air pollution effect on beech based on stress physiological indicators of foliage, macronutrients level in beech leaves and by assessment of crown defoliation was carried out altogether with necessary soils analyses of the selected beech stands. On the basis of all parameters it can be concluded that the worst condition of beech trees in Zasavje is due to high level of air pollution, mainly by sulphur dioxide and not by deficiency of macronutrients or unfavourable state of soils

The future productivity of forests will be affected by combinations of anthropogenic stresses including elevated atmospheric CO2 and O3. Because the productivity of forests, will be in part, determined by the growth of young trees, we evaluated the responses of Pinus ponderosa seedlings to ambient or elevated CO2 and/or high O3. Shoot growth and whole plant biomass were evaluated for seedlings growing under the CO2 and O3 treatments for 3 years in sun-lit mesocosms with ambient temperature and humidity. This study indicated the potential for CO2 but not O3 effects on Pinus ponderosa seedlings under realistic field conditions as used in this study

Norway spurce (Picea abies L.) is the dominating tree species in the Silesian Beskid Mountains. The mountain forests are under severe climatic conditions, such as low temperatures, short growing season, strong winds, high annual precipitation, a long-time snow cover. The forests have been exposed also for about half century to gaseous and dust pollutants emitted by large industrial centres in the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland. Anthropogenic impacts may influence negatively the growth of tree fine roots, can develop ectomycorrhizas and alter the communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi and other microorganisms in soil. Ectomycorrhizal communities at the both forest sites were dominated by the same two morphotypes, which were further studied using the PCP-RFLP analysis for identification of the fungal species

The effect of alkaline air pollutants appears on 98% of the area of forests in Slovakia. Despite a local impact of magnesite air pollutant type is very significant as to the degree and extent of damage. Despite enormous efforts of magnesite plants only a low reduction of dust fallout was reached. While in the years 1978-1979 emission of Mg dust reached 7396.5 tons and emission of SO2 1133.5 tons, in the years 1990-1991 respective figures were 1174.5 tons of Mg dust and 1114 tons of SO2. It means that the amount of emitted SO2 has not changed but the amount of emitted dust has dropped 6.5 times. On the basis of research results the whole attacked territory was divided into four zones of endangerment and there were tested various reclamation and revitalization measures successfully

Under elevated CO2 photosynthesis was 15-50% higher than in chamber controls depending on the weather conditions of the growing seasons. When measured at 360 ppm CO2 both elevated CO2 and elevated CO2 + O3 treatments decreased net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and also transpiration, indicating downregulation of photosynthesis at elevated CO2