Seventy million pounds of seafood wastes, mainly from crab, salmon, and shrimp fishing, containing 22.1 million pounds of COD were discharged to Kodiak Harbor, Alaska in 1970. A private firm was engaged to develop a plan to permit development of beneficial uses for the wastes while concurrently reducing the pollutional load on the harbor. The plan included collection and transportation of the waste to a central processing site on Near Island for by-product recovery. Shellfish wastes would be extracted with dilute alkali to yield a high quality protein and a chitin-calcium carbonate residue, the former to be used as pet food aditives or for industrial applications, and the latter to be exported for conversion to chitin and derived products or used in Alaska as a soil liming and fertilizer material. Fish wastes would also be extracted to yield a concentrated protein product similar to fish solubles oil and bone meal.

The report concerns pollution abatement in the Great Lakes Basin, specifically influenced by agricultural and related sources, including runoff and release of nutrients, pesticides, herbicides, and degradation by-products as affected by agricultural chemicals, runoff from animal and poultry production, and sedimentation. Current planning, advisory and regulatory functions of the two Governments is discussed. Some basic research of the joint study-group is summarized. Improper manure spreading or storing, and runoff from livestock feeding areas have the greatest potential impact on water quality. Pesticide contribution to environmental contamination is receiving closer scrutiny. The erosion problem is measured in sediment load in streams and deposition rate in reservoirs. High chloride levels, measured in tributary waters, seem related to road salt application. The adequacy of current legislation is discussed.

This text concentrates on specific air pollution problem areas. Chapters are structured to include a descriptive section which introduces the bulk of the information available concerning the specific problem area, followed by an explanatory section which discusses possible solutions. Work in atmospheric pollution will require specially trained personnel who can respond professionally to the requirements of a problem that spans a wide range of academic disciplines. An interdisciplinary approach is used in this book in the hope of creating the kind of cooperative spirit that must be evidenced if any progress is ever going to be made toward finding an overall solution to the air pollution crisis. - Preface.

The study was conducted to appraise the trophic status of the saline Onondaga Lake, Onondaga County, New York, and to estimate the effects of the proposed waste treatment plant. The determined parameters included circulation patterns, distribution of chemical constituents, and the biotic contents of the lake. Mineral-water equilibria showed an uninterrupted and a widely distributed formation of phosphate-bearing minerals. The predominant component of lake sediments is calcium. The salinity of lake water did not preclude occurrence of a wide variety of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish. Proposed waste treatments should significantly increase the supply of dissolved oxygen and lower the phosphorus concentration.

The magnitude and effects of biological activity in expanded carbon beds used for direct clarification/adsorption treatment of wastewater were investigated. Major aspects of the project involved comparisons of the relative effectiveness of aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the expanded-bed systems, and a comparison of the relative treatment effectiveness of expanded carbon beds of high and low sorptive activity under aerobic operating conditions. The use of short polishing columns to remove traces or organics escaping from on-line adsorbers was also evaluated.

Development of a unidirectional-turbulence probe was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of a small-diameter strain-gaged diaphragm-type pressure transducer and a self-adjusting depth compensation air reservoir for use in the follow-on development of a small (1/2-inch diameter) multidirectional-turbulence probe. A unidirectional probe was developed which is capable of monitoring water velocities over a range of 0.5 to 5 ft/sec in turbulence frequencies of 0 to over 100 Hertz and which will automatically operate in water up to 10-feet deep. Sealing inadequacies in both the air reservoir membrane and the pressure diaphragm permit moisture entry into the air volume covering the strain gages. This has given rise to balance drift and circuitry ground problems that have resulted in the placing of limitations on the water exposure and turbulence monitoring times for the unidirectional probe. These problems also suggested that the concepts cannot be immediately incorporated into a multidirectional probe design.