Element mass balance estimates for South Carolina Coastal Plain watersheds indicate that fertilizers and liming materials are the major sources for inputs of Ca, Mg, K, Cl, and HCO(,3) whereas precipitation is the major input for Na and SO(,4). Stream flow is the chief mode of output for all of these elements. A balance between input and output is evident only for Cl. Retentions of 50% or more are shown by Ca, Mg, K, HCO(,3), and SO(,4) whereas Na shows an apparent net loss. The retention of Ca, Mg and HCO(,3) suggests that less than 25% of the dolomitic liming materials applied to the landscape actually dissolve and that the carbonate chemistry of Lower Coastal Plain streams is therefore probably largely controlled by seepage of groundwaters from underlying calcareous aquifers. The retention of K and the loss of Na may be due to cation exchange reactions on soil clays whereas the apparent retention of SO(,4) is probably due to reduction to H(,2)S in floodplain environments and soil adsorption.

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) plants, cultivars Cheri, Merion and Touchdown were grown at complete nutrition or with low S or low N. Plants were exposed to 10 ppm (v/v) O(,3) for 6 h/d, 15 pphm SO(,2) continuously, 15 pphm NO(,2) continuously, or their mixture at these concentrations for 10 days. The severity of injury was much increased by misting with deionized water for 5 min twice daily, especially with SO(,2) and NO(,2) single gas exposures. The misting did not have consistent effects on total S, total N, leaf area or fresh weight. Exposure to O (,3) decreased leaf area without affecting S or N content, while SO(,2) usually increased total S and, in some cases, increased total N. Exposure to NO(,2) increased total N without affecting total S, and the mixture increased both total S and total N. Low S or low N usually enhanced the effect of SO(,2) or NO(,2), respectively. Leaf area and fresh weight were not as responsive to the treatments as total S and total N. Rainfall outdoors may be a major meteorological factor affecting plant injury response to gaseous pollutants

Baseline trace element concentrations have been measured in 8 species of marine fish from Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea. This is the first stage in an assessment of environmental impact associated with mining operations. In general, concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, and As in edible portions of the fish comply with Australian National Health and Medical Research Council public health standards. Two species of shark contained As concentrations in muscle tissue in excess of prescribed standards. Increased concentrations of Cu, Zn and Cd were recorded in liver and kidney, But Hg and Pb were not preferentially accumulated in these organs. The relationship between the size of fish and metal assay was investigated. Mercury content and weight of fish were always positively correlated but concentrations of other metals were variably correlated with size

This paper reports the results of wheat plants exposed to SO(,2). The SO(,2)-treated and control plant samples were periodically analyzed with respect to their carbohydrate content, caloric values, phytomass accumulations and net primary productivity. An initial increase, but later decrease in all these parameters was recorded in SO(,2)-treated plants. These effects in wheat plants have been interpreted in terms of energy budget of plants under SO(,2)-stress condition.

Visakhapatnam Basin, located on the east coast of India adjoining the Bay of Bengal, is surrounded by hills. Groundwater in the basin is utilized for domestic, irrigational, and industrial purposes. The basin measures about 148 km('2) in which 35% of the land is utilized for irrigation, and 10% of the land for industries. However there is a rapid industrial development in the basin along with increasing population initiating the necessity to evaluate groundwater resources. The chemical quality of groundwaters available in the basin is discussed in relation to domestic, irrigational, and industrial purposes.

The effect of 50, 100, 150, and 400 mu-g sodium pentachlorophenate (Na-PCP) per gram soil was studied in nonsterile soil incubated under aerobic and anerobic conditions, and in sterilized soil inoculated with Azotobacter sp. isolated from the soil. N(,2) fixation was determined by acetylene reduction. Pentachlorophenate at a concentration of 50 mu-g/g had an inhibitory effect in nonsterile soil incubated aerobically while strong inhibition of dinitrogen fixation in nonsterile soil occurred in the presence of 100 mu-g/g and above. The EC(,50) values for the inhibition of nitrogenase activity in nonsterile soil incubated aerobically and anaerobically and in sterlilized soil inoculated with Azotobacter sp. suspensions were 49.8 +/- 1.4 mu-g Na-PCP/g, 186.8 +/- 2.8 mu-g Na-PCP/g, and 660.8 +/- 29.3 mu-g Na-PCP/g, respectively.