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Field mixtures of currently used pesticides in agricultural soil pose a risk to soil invertebrates
2022
Panico, Speranza, C | van Gestel, Cornelis, a M | Verweij, Rudo, A | Rault, Magali | Bertrand, Colette | Menacho Barriga, Carlos, A | Coeurdassier, Michaël | Fritsch, Clémentine | Gimbert, Frédéric | Pélosi, Céline | Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) | University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II | Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE) ; Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC) ; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC) | Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH) ; Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | This study was performed within the framework of the “PING” research project, funded by the M´etaprogramme INRAe SMaCH Call2017. The study also benefited from results obtained during the “RESCAPE” research project, action led by the Ministry for Agricultureand Food and the Ministry for an Ecological and Solidary Transition, with the financial support of the French Biodiversity Agency on“Resistance and Pesticides” research call, with the fees for diffuse pollution coming from the Ecophyto Plan through the national agencyONEMA.
International audience | Massive use of pesticides in conventional agriculture leads to accumulation in soil of complex mixtures, triggering questions about their potential ecotoxicological risk. This study assessed cropland soils containing pesticide mixtures sampled from conventional and organic farming systems at La Cage and Mons, France. The conventional agricultural field soils contained more pesticide residues (11 and 17 versus 3 and 11, respectively) and at higher concentrations than soils from organic fields (mean 6.6 and 10.5 versus 0.2 and 0.6 μg kg − 1 , respectively), including systemic insecticides belonging to neonicotinoids, carbamate herbicides and broadspectrum fungicides mostly from the azole family. A risk quotient (RQ i) approach evaluated the toxicity of the pesticide mixtures in soil, assuming concentration addition. Based on measured concentrations, both conventional agricultural soils posed high risks to soil invertebrates, especially due to the presence of epoxiconazole and imidacloprid, whereas soils under organic farming showed negligible to medium risk. To confirm the outcome of the risk assessment, toxicity of the soils was determined in bioassays following standardized test guidelines with seven representative non-target invertebrates: earthworms (Eisenia andrei, Lumbricus rubellus, Aporrectodea caliginosa), enchytraeids (Enchytraeus crypticus), Collembola (Folsomia candida), oribatid mites (Oppia nitens), and snails (Cantareus aspersus). Collembola and enchytraeid survival and reproduction and land snail growth were significantly lower in soils from conventional compared to organic agriculture. The earthworms displayed different responses: L. rubellus showed higher mortality on soils from conventional agriculture and large body mass loss in all field soils, E. andrei showed considerable mass loss and strongly reduced reproduction, and A. caliginosa showed significantly reduced acetylcholinesterase activity in soils from conventional agriculture. The oribatid mites did not show consistent differences between organic and conventional farming soils. These results highlight that conventional agricultural practices pose a high risk for soil invertebrates and may threaten soil functionality, likely due to additive or synergistic "cocktail effects". ☆ This paper has been recommended for acceptance by Montes Marques.
Show more [+] Less [-]Field mixtures of currently used pesticides in agricultural soil pose a risk to soil invertebrates
2022
Panico, Speranza, C | van Gestel, Cornelis, a M | Verweij, Rudo, A | Rault, Magali | Bertrand, Colette | Menacho Barriga, Carlos, A | Coeurdassier, Michaël | Fritsch, Clémentine | Gimbert, Frédéric | Pélosi, Céline | Vrije Universiteit Brussel [Bruxelles] (VUB) | University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II | Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE) ; Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC) ; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC) | Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH) ; Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | This study was performed within the framework of the “PING” research project, funded by the M´etaprogramme INRAe SMaCH Call2017. The study also benefited from results obtained during the “RESCAPE” research project, action led by the Ministry for Agricultureand Food and the Ministry for an Ecological and Solidary Transition, with the financial support of the French Biodiversity Agency on“Resistance and Pesticides” research call, with the fees for diffuse pollution coming from the Ecophyto Plan through the national agencyONEMA.
International audience | Massive use of pesticides in conventional agriculture leads to accumulation in soil of complex mixtures, triggering questions about their potential ecotoxicological risk. This study assessed cropland soils containing pesticide mixtures sampled from conventional and organic farming systems at La Cage and Mons, France. The conventional agricultural field soils contained more pesticide residues (11 and 17 versus 3 and 11, respectively) and at higher concentrations than soils from organic fields (mean 6.6 and 10.5 versus 0.2 and 0.6 μg kg − 1 , respectively), including systemic insecticides belonging to neonicotinoids, carbamate herbicides and broadspectrum fungicides mostly from the azole family. A risk quotient (RQ i) approach evaluated the toxicity of the pesticide mixtures in soil, assuming concentration addition. Based on measured concentrations, both conventional agricultural soils posed high risks to soil invertebrates, especially due to the presence of epoxiconazole and imidacloprid, whereas soils under organic farming showed negligible to medium risk. To confirm the outcome of the risk assessment, toxicity of the soils was determined in bioassays following standardized test guidelines with seven representative non-target invertebrates: earthworms (Eisenia andrei, Lumbricus rubellus, Aporrectodea caliginosa), enchytraeids (Enchytraeus crypticus), Collembola (Folsomia candida), oribatid mites (Oppia nitens), and snails (Cantareus aspersus). Collembola and enchytraeid survival and reproduction and land snail growth were significantly lower in soils from conventional compared to organic agriculture. The earthworms displayed different responses: L. rubellus showed higher mortality on soils from conventional agriculture and large body mass loss in all field soils, E. andrei showed considerable mass loss and strongly reduced reproduction, and A. caliginosa showed significantly reduced acetylcholinesterase activity in soils from conventional agriculture. The oribatid mites did not show consistent differences between organic and conventional farming soils. These results highlight that conventional agricultural practices pose a high risk for soil invertebrates and may threaten soil functionality, likely due to additive or synergistic "cocktail effects". ☆ This paper has been recommended for acceptance by Montes Marques.
Show more [+] Less [-]Study of microbial communities and environmental parameters of seawater collected from three Tunisian fishing harbors in Kerkennah Islands: Statistical analysis of the temporal and spatial dynamics
2022
Cheffi, Meriam | Belmabrouk, Sabrine | Karray, Fatma | Hentati, Dorra | Bru-Adan, Valérie | Godon, Jean-Jacques | Sayadi, Sami | Chamkha, Mohamed | Université de Sfax - University of Sfax | Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS) | Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | Qatar University | Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research | Hubert Curien Program (CMCU 15G0808) supported by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs
International audience | Surface seawater, collected from three fishing harbors during different seasons of the years 2015, 2016 and 2017, were assessed for physico-chemical analyses. Results showed that seawater was mainly polluted by hydrocarbons and some heavy metals. Microbial communities' composition and abundance in the studied harbors were per-formed using molecular approaches. SSCP analysis indicated the presence of Bacteria, Archaea and Eucarya, with dominance of the bacterial domain. Illumina Miseq analysis revealed that the majority of the sequences were affiliated with Bacteria whereas Archaea were detected at low relative abundance. The bacterial community, dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Chloro-flexi phyla, are known to be involved in a variety of biodegradation/biotransformation processes including hydrocarbons degradation and heavy metals resistance. The main objectives of this study are to assess, for the first time, the organic/inorganic pollution in surface seawater of Kerkennah Islands harbors, and to explore the potential of next generation marine microbiome monitoring to achieve the planning coastal managing strategies worldwide.
Show more [+] Less [-]Distribution of pesticides and some of their transformation products in a small lentic waterbody: Fish, water, and sediment contamination in an agricultural watershed
2022
Slaby, Sylvain | Le Cor, François | Dufour, Vincent | Auger, Lucile | Pasquini, Laure | Cardoso, Olivier | Curtet, Laurence | Baudoin, Jean-Marc | Wiest, Laure | Vulliet, Emmanuelle | Feidt, Cyril | Dauchy, Xavier | Banas, Damien | Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA) ; Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Laboratoire d'hydrologie de Nancy (LHN) ; Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) | Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle (LTSER - LTER) ; Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-LTSER Réseau des Zones Ateliers (RZA) ; Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Office français de la biodiversité (OFB) | ISA-TRACES - Technologie et Recherche en Analyse Chimique pour l'Environnement et la Santé ; Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
International audience | More than 20 years after the Water Framework Directive was adopted, there are still major gaps in the sanitary status of small rivers and waterbodies at the head of basins. These small streams supply water to a large number of wetlands that support a rich biodiversity. Many of these waterbodies are fishponds whose production is destined for human consumption or for the restocking of other aquatic environments. However, these ecosystems are exposed to contaminants, including pesticides and their transformation products. This work aims to provide information on the distribution, diversity, and concentrations of agricultural contaminants in abiotic and biotic compartments from a fishpond located at the head of watersheds. A total of 20 pesticides and 20 transformation products were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in water and sediment sampled monthly throughout a fish production cycle, and in three fish species at the beginning and end of the cycle.The highest mean concentrations were found for metazachlor-OXA (519.48 +/- 56.52 ng.L-1) in water and benzamide (4.23 +/- 0.17 ng g(-1) dry wt.) in sediment. Up to 20 contaminants were detected per water sample and 26 per sediment sample. The transformation products of atrazine (banned in Europe since 2003 but still widely used in other parts of the world), flufenacet, imidacloprid (banned in France since 2018), metazachlor, and metolachlor were more concentrated than their parent compounds. Fewer contaminants were detected in fish and principally prosulfocarb accumulated in organisms during the cycle.Our work brings innovative data on the contamination of small waterbodies located at the head of a basin. The transformation products with the highest frequency of occurrence and concentrations should be prioritized for further environmental monitoring studies, and specific toxicity thresholds should be defined. Few contaminants were found in fish, but the results challenge the widely use of prosulfocarb.
Show more [+] Less [-]Elasmobranchs as bioindicators of pollution in the marine environment
2022
Alves, Luís M.F. | Lemos, Marco F.L. | Cabral, Henrique | Novais, Sara | Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre [Portugal] (MARE) ; Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida = University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences (ISPA) | Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
International audience | Bioindicator species are increasingly valuable in environmental pollution monitoring, and elasmobranch species include many suitable candidates for that role. By measuring contaminants and employing biomarkers of effect inrelevant elasmobranch species, scientists may gain important insights about the impacts of pollution in marine ecosystems. This review compiles biomarkers applied in elasmobranchs to assess the effect of pollutants (e.g.,metals, persistent organic pollutants, and plastics), and the environmental changes induced by anthropogenic activities (e.g., shifts in marine temperature, pH, and oxygenation). Over 30 biomarkers measured in more than12 species were examined, including biotransformation biomarkers (e.g., cytochrome P450 1A), oxidative stress-related biomarkers (e.g., superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation, catalase, and vitamins), stress proteins (e.g., heatshock protein 70), reproductive and endocrine biomarkers (e.g., vitellogenin), osmoregulation biomarkers (e.g., trimethylamine N-oxide, Na+/K+-ATPase, and plasma ions), energetic and neurotoxic biomarkers (e.g., lactatedehydrogenase, lactate, and cholinesterases), and histopathological and morphologic biomarkers (e.g., tissue lesions and gross indices).
Show more [+] Less [-]Drivers of litter ingestion by sea turtles: Three decades of empirical data collected in Atlantic Europe and the Mediterranean
2022
Darmon, Gaëlle | Schulz, Marcus | Matiddi, Marco | Loza, Ana Liria | Tomás, Jesús | Camedda, Andrea | Chaieb, Olfa | El Hili, Hedia | Bradai, Mohamed | Bray, Laura | Claro, Françoise | Dellinger, Thomas | Dell'Amico, Florence | de Lucia, Giuseppe | Duncan, Emily | Gambaiani, Delphine | Godley, Brendan | Kaberi, Helen | Kaska, Yakup | Martin, Jessica | Moreira, Cláudia | Ostiategui, Patricia | Pham, Christopher | Piermarini, Raffaella | Revuelta, Ohiana | Rodríguez, Yasmina | Silvestri, Cecilia | Snape, Robin | Sozbilen, Dogăn | Tsangaris, Catherine | Vale, Maria | Vandeperre, Frederic | Miaud, Claude | Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) ; Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM) | Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat) ; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction surveillance, évaluation,données (OFB - DSUED) ; Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)
International audience | Sea turtles are considered as bio-indicators for monitoring the efficiency of restoration measures to reduce marine litter impacts on health. However, the lack of extended and standardised empirical data has prevented the accurate analysis of the factors influencing litter ingestion and the relationships with individual health. Historic data collected from 1988 and standard data collected from 2016 were harmonised to enable such analyses on necropsied loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in eight Mediterranean and North-East Atlantic countries. Litter was found in 69.24 % of the 1121 individuals, mostly single-use and fishing-related plastics. Spatial location, sex and life history stage explained a minor part of litter ingestion. While no relationships with health could be detected, indicating that all individuals can be integrated as bio-indicators, the mechanistic models published in literature suggest that the high proportion of plastics in the digestive contents (38.77 % per individual) could have long-term repercussions on population dynamics.
Show more [+] Less [-]Occurrence, contamination level and ecological risk assessment of dissolved and particulate trace elements in rivers entering the southwestern Mediterranean Sea
2022
Benhalima, Moustafa | Boulahdid, Mostefa | Guendouzi, Yassine | Radakovitch, Olivier | Aroua, Mohamed | Fowler, Scott, W | Ambrosi, Jean-Paul | Angeletti, Bernard | Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de la Mer et de l'Aménagement du Littoral (ESSMAL) | CENTRE UNIVERSITAIRE DE TIPAZA OUED MERZOUG TIPAZA DZA ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Laboratoire de recherche sur les transferts des radionucléides dans les écosystèmes aquatiques (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA) ; Service de recherche sur les transferts et les effets des radionucléides sur les écosystèmes (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE) ; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) | Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU) ; State University of New York (SUNY) | Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Directorate General for Scientific Research and Technological Development (DGRSDT)Algeria and French program METMAR-MERMEX as part of the PHCTASSILI project.
International audience | Metal pollution in rivers should not be overlooked before their entry into the sea. However, there are few studies for estimating such contamination in rivers entering the Algerian coastal waters. Semimonthly quantification of dissolved and particulate metals, near the mouths of two industrial-tainted rivers, El Harrach and Mazafran rivers, was carried out during a period of one year. All the trace metals analyzed are originating from anthropogenic sources (EF > 1.5), with higher contamination of dissolved Pb, Cd, Zn and Ni and a slight degree of contamination of particulate Cu and Zn (0 < I geo < 1). Particulate metals show a stable complex with the particulate phase (e.g. 2 < LogK d < 6). The risk assessment results indicate that particulate Pb and Zn have a 33% likelihood of toxicity for adverse biological effects. A significant toxicity effect (ΣTUi >4) of the combined particulate metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni and As) was primarily due to the higher particulate Cd, Zn, and Cr availability.
Show more [+] Less [-]Drivers of litter ingestion by sea turtles: Three decades of empirical data collected in Atlantic Europe and the Mediterranean
2022
Darmon, Gaëlle | Schulz, Marcus | Matiddi, Marco | Loza, Ana Liria | Tomás, Jesús | Camedda, Andrea | Chaieb, Olfa | El Hili, Hedia | Bradai, Mohamed | Bray, Laura | Claro, Françoise | Dellinger, Thomas | Dell'Amico, Florence | de Lucia, Giuseppe | Duncan, Emily | Gambaiani, Delphine | Godley, Brendan | Kaberi, Helen | Kaska, Yakup | Martin, Jessica | Moreira, Cláudia | Ostiategui, Patricia | Pham, Christopher | Piermarini, Raffaella | Revuelta, Ohiana | Rodríguez, Yasmina | Silvestri, Cecilia | Snape, Robin | Sozbilen, Dogăn | Tsangaris, Catherine | Vale, Maria | Vandeperre, Frederic | Miaud, Claude | Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) ; Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat) ; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)
International audience | Sea turtles are considered as bio-indicators for monitoring the efficiency of restoration measures to reduce marine litter impacts on health. However, the lack of extended and standardised empirical data has prevented the accurate analysis of the factors influencing litter ingestion and the relationships with individual health. Historic data collected from 1988 and standard data collected from 2016 were harmonised to enable such analyses on necropsied loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in eight Mediterranean and North-East Atlantic countries. Litter was found in 69.24 % of the 1121 individuals, mostly single-use and fishing-related plastics. Spatial location, sex and life history stage explained a minor part of litter ingestion. While no relationships with health could be detected, indicating that all individuals can be integrated as bio-indicators, the mechanistic models published in literature suggest that the high proportion of plastics in the digestive contents (38.77 % per individual) could have long-term repercussions on population dynamics.
Show more [+] Less [-]Assessment of marine benthic diatom communities: insights from a combined morphological–metabarcoding approach in Mediterranean shallow coastal waters
2022
Pérez-Burillo, Javier | Valoti, Greta | Witkowski, Andrzej | Prado, Patricia | Mann, David | Trobajo, Rosa | IRTA Cabrils ; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA)
International audience
Show more [+] Less [-]13C assimilation as well as functional gene abundance and expression elucidate the biodegradation of glyphosate in a field experiment
2022
Wirsching, Johannes | Wimmer, Benedikt | Ditterich, Franziska | Schlögl, Johanna | Martin-Laurent, Fabrice | Huhn,, Carolin | Haderlein, Stefan, B. | Kandeler, Ellen | Poll, Christian | University of Stuttgart, Germany | Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Department of Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany ; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen | Agroécologie [Dijon] ; Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | This study was financially supported by the German ResearchFoundation (DFG) under the Collaborative Research Center 1253CAMPOS (DFG grant SFB 1253/1 2017).
International audience | Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine; GLP) and its main metabolite AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid), are frequently detected in relatively high concentrations in European agricultural topsoils. Glyphosate has a high sorption affinity, yet it can be detected occasionally in groundwater. We hypothesized that shrinkage cracks occurring after dry periods could facilitate GLP transport to greater depths where subsoil conditions slow further microbial degradation. To test this hypothesis, we simulated a heavy rainfall event (HRE) on a clay-rich arable soil. We applied 2.1 kg ha−1 of 100% 13C3, 15N-labeled GLP one day before the simulated rainfall event. Microbial degradation of translocated GLP over a 21-day period was assessed by quantifying 13C incorporation into phospholipid fatty acids. Microbial degradation potential and activity were determined by quantifying the abundance and expression of functional genes involved in the two known degradation pathways of GLP; to AMPA (goxA) or sarcosine (sarc). We confirmed that goxA transcripts were elevated in the range of 4.23 x 105 copy numbers g−1 soil only one day after application. The increase in AMPA associated with a rise in goxA transcripts and goxA-harboring microorganisms indicated that the degradation pathway to AMPA dominated. Based on 13C-enrichment 3 h after the HRE, fungi appeared to initiate glyphosate degradation. At later time points, Gram+-bacteria proved to be the main degraders due to their higher 13C-incorporation. Once GLP reached the subsoil, degradation continued but more slowly. By comparing GLP distribution and its microbial degradation in macropores and in the bulk soil, we demonstrated different time- and depth-dependent GLP degradation dynamics in macropores. This indicates the need for field studies in which soil properties relevant to GLP degradation are related to limiting environmental conditions, providing a realistic assessment of GLP fate in soils.
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