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Results 1741-1750 of 62,157
Road and site characteristics that influence road salt distribution and damage to roadside aspen trees.
1974
Piatt J.R. | Krause P.D.
A review of the cost and effectiveness of solutions to address plastic pollution
2022
Nikiema, Josiane | Asiedu, Zipporah
Plastic usage increases year by year, and the growing trend is projected to continue. However as of 2017, only 9% of the 9 billion tons of plastic ever produced had been recycled leaving large amounts of plastics to contaminate the environment, resulting in important negative health and economic impacts. Curbing this trend is a major challenge that requires urgent and multifaceted action. Based on scientific and gray literature mainly published during the last 10 years, this review summarizes key solutions currently in use globally that have the potential to address at scale the plastic and microplastic contaminations from source to sea. They include technologies to control plastics in solid wastes (i.e. mechanical and chemical plastic recycling or incineration), in-stream (i.e. booms and clean-up boats, trash racks, and sea bins), and microplastics (i.e. stormwater, municipal wastewater and drinking water treatment), as well as general policy measures (i.e. measures to support the informal sector, bans, enforcement of levies, voluntary measures, extended producer responsibility, measures to enhance recycling and guidelines, standards and protocols to guide activities and interventions) to reduce use, reuse, and recycle plastics and microplastics in support of the technological options. The review discusses the effectiveness, capital expenditure, and operation and maintenance costs of the different technologies, the cost of implementation of policy measures, and the suitability of each solution under various conditions. This guidance is expected to help policymakers and practitioners address, in a sustainable and cost-efficient way, the plastic and microplastic management problem using technologies and policy instruments suitable in their local context.
Show more [+] Less [-]Wastewater based epidemiology as a public health resource in low- and middle-income settings
2024
Hamilton, Katie A. | Wade, M.J. | Barnes, K.G. | Street, R.A. | Paterson, S.
In the face of emerging and re-emerging diseases, novel and innovative approaches to population scale surveillance are necessary for the early detection and quantification of pathogens. The last decade has seen the rapid development of wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES) to address public health challenges, which has led to establishment of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approaches being deployed to monitor a range of health hazards. WBE exploits the fact that excretions and secretions from urine, and from the gut are discharged in wastewater, particularly sewage, such that sampling sewage systems provides an early warning system for disease outbreaks by providing an early indication of pathogen circulation. While WBE has been mainly used in locations with networked wastewater systems, here we consider its value for less connected populations typical of lower-income settings, and assess the opportunity afforded by pit latrines to sample communities and localities. We propose that where populations struggle to access health and diagnostic facilities, and despite several additional challenges, sampling unconnected wastewater systems remains an important means to monitor the health of large populations in a relatively cost-effective manner.
Show more [+] Less [-]The potential role of temperate forests as sinks for CO(2): examples from the German environmental policy against global warming.
1992
Gregor H.D.
Three-year growth responses of Pinus taeda L. to simulated rain chemistry, soil magnesium status, and ozone.
1992
Edwards N.T. | Edwards G.L. | Kelly J.M. | Taylor G.E. Jr.
The role of agricultural sediments and chemicals in eutrophication [Nonpoint-source pollution, surface waters].
1980
Bachmann R.W.
Effects of ambient rain chemistry on field-grown radish - an exploratory approach by multiple linear regression.
1992
Kostka Rick R. | Manning W.J.
Enhancement of anaerobic treatment efficiency through process modification.
1987
Harper S.R. | Pohland F.G.
Ozone, acidic precipitation, and soil Mg impacts on soil and loblolly pine seedling nutrient status after three growing seasons.
1992
Edwards G.S. | Kelly J.M. | Mays P.A.
Acidity status of surface waters in Massachusetts.
1992
Walk M.F.I. | Godfrey P.J. | Ruby A. III | Zajicek O.T. | Mattson M.
