Refine search
Results 1751-1760 of 62,642
The role of agricultural sediments and chemicals in eutrophication [Nonpoint-source pollution, surface waters].
1980
Bachmann R.W.
Comment faire avancer la lutte contre la déforestation dans les pays en développement ? Full text
2009
Karsenty A.
La conférence de Bali sur les changements climatiques a fait un pas vers le principe de rémunération de la réduction de la déforestation dans le cadre de la préparation du régime post-Kyoto. La déforestation contribuant à hauteur de 12-22% des émissions annuelles de CO2, la réduire est essentiel. Cependant, l'architecture et les modalités de mise en oeuvre du mécanisme nommé REDD (Réduction des émissions issues de la déforestation et de la dégradation) n'ont pas été définies et font l'objet de débats serrés, notamment sur la période de référence par rapport à laquelle mesurer la réduction de la déforestation au cours de la prochaine période d'engagement. Les pays qui considèrent que l'essentiel des épisodes de déboisement est derrière eux, plaident pour l'adoption d'une référence portant sur une période passée; à l'inverse, les pays à faible déboisement jusqu'à présent mais qui anticipent une déforestation accrue dans l'avenir, veulent pouvoir adopter une référence fondée sur un scénario tendanciel de déforestation future. L'autre divergence porte sur la nature des «récompenses»: crédits carbones échangeables sur le marché du même nom, ou argent issu d'un fonds spécial de lutte contre la déforestation ? On peut craindre que l'inclusion de REDD dans le marché du carbone n'entraîne une surabondance des permis d'émission et une baisse de leurs prix, compromettant l'efficacité, déjà toute relative, du système mis en place à Kyoto. On peut identifier trois problèmes récurrents avec l'architecture la plus évoquée pour REDD: la légitimité de l'extrapolation à partir de tendances historiques; la capacité d'estimation des scénarios de référence de type prédictif; enfin, la possibilité réelle d'imputer à différentes politiques publiques la baisse du taux de déforestation et d'en mesurer l'effet net. Le risque est réel pour qu'un tel mécanisme soit fortement générateur de réductions fictives d'émissions. II semble plus avisé de constituer un Fonds international contre la déforestation pour financer les politiques et les réformes structurelles nécessaires pour arrêter, à terme, la déforestation, ainsi que des programmes de paiements pour services environnementaux où les rémunérations iraient aux paysans plutôt qu'aux gouvernements. (Résumé d'auteur)
Show more [+] Less [-]Oxygen demand of taconite tailings [Dissolved oxygen, Lake Superior].
1983
Plumb R.H. Jr. | Lee G.F.
Wisconsin's approach to developing waste load allocations [Fox and Wisconsin rivers, paper mills].
1979
Christianson R.
Process water for papermaking from secondary wastewater effluent.
1979
Giampietri A. | Voysey J.A.
Quantifying source and dynamics of acidic pollution in a coastal acid sulphate soil area Full text
2013
Phong, N.D. | To Phuc Tuong | Phu, N.D. | Nang, N.D. | Hoanh, Chu Thai
Quantifying source and dynamics of acidic pollution in a coastal acid sulphate soil area Full text
2013
Phong, N.D. | To Phuc Tuong | Phu, N.D. | Nang, N.D. | Hoanh, Chu Thai
The in-depth knowledge on management and reducing annual acidic pollution is important for improving the sustainable livelihood of people living in areas with acid sulphate soils (ASS). This study involved a long-term (2001-2006), large-scale canal water quality monitoring network (87 locations) and a field experiment at nine sites to quantify the dynamic variability of acidic pollution and its source in a coastal area with ASS in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam. Widespread acidic pollution (pH <5) of surface water occurred at the beginning of the rainy season, while pH of the canal water remained high (7-8) at the end of the rainy season and during the dry season. The study identified canal embankment deposits, made of ASS spoils from canal dredging/excavation, as the main source of acidic pollution in the surrounding canal network. The findings suggested that there was a linkage between the amount of acidic loads into canal networks and the age of the embankment deposits. The most acute pollution (pH ~ 3) occurred in canals with sluggish tidal water flow, at 1-2 years after the deposition of excavated spoils onto the embankments in ASS. The amount of acidic loads transferred to the canal networks could be quantified from environmental parameters, including cumulative rainfall, soil type and age of embankment deposits. The study implied that dredging/excavation of canals in ASS areas must be carried out judiciously as these activities may increase the source of acidic pollution to the surrounding water bodies.
Show more [+] Less [-]Quantifying source and dynamics of acidic pollution in a coastal acid sulphate soil area Full text
2013
Phong, N. D. | Tuong, T. P. | Phu, N. D. | Nang, N. D. | Hoanh, Chu Thai
The in-depth knowledge on management and reducing annual acidic pollution is important for improving the sustainable livelihood of people living in areas with acid sulphate soils (ASS). This study involved a long-term (2001–2006), large-scale canal water quality monitoring network (87 locations) and a field experiment at nine sites to quantify the dynamic variability of acidic pollution and its source in a coastal area with ASS in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam. Widespread acidic pollution (pH <5) of surface water occurred at the beginning of the rainy season, while pH of the canal water remained high (7–8) at the end of the rainy season and during the dry season. The study identified canal embankment deposits, made of ASS spoils from canal dredging/excavation, as the main source of acidic pollution in the surrounding canal network. The findings suggested that there was a linkage between the amount of acidic loads into canal networks and the age of the embankment deposits. The most acute pollution (pH ~ 3) occurred in canals with sluggish tidal water flow, at 1–2 years after the deposition of excavated spoils onto the embankments in ASS. The amount of acidic loads transferred to the canal networks could be quantified from environmental parameters, including cumulative rainfall, soil type and age of embankment deposits. The study implied that dredging/excavation of canals in ASS areas must be carried out judiciously as these activities may increase the source of acidic pollution to the surrounding water bodies.
Show more [+] Less [-]Tetracyclines uptake from irrigation water by vegetables: Accumulation and antimicrobial resistance risks Full text
2023
Gudda, Fredrick | Odinga, E.S. | Tang, L. | Waigi, M.G. | Wang, J. | Abdalmegeed, D. | Gao, Y.
Wastewater irrigation may introduce antibiotic residues in the soil-plant systems. This study aimed to investigate the uptake of tetracyclines by spinach and collard greens and assess associated ecological and human health risks. Synthetic wastewater spiked with 1 ppm and 10 ppm of oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and tetracycline was used to grow vegetables in a greenhouse pot experiment. The uptake and accumulation of the tetracyclines were low and residual concentrations in the soil were negligible. All the tetracyclines were detected at concentrations ranging from 1.68 to 51.41 μg/g (spinach) and 1.94–30.95 μg/g (collard greens). The accumulation rate was in a dose-response scenario with a bioconcentration factor of 6.34 mL/kg (spinach) and 2.64 mL/kg (collard greens). Oxytetracycline had the highest accumulation in leaves, followed by doxycycline and tetracycline, and the residual concentrations followed the same order. The highest residual concentration was in soils receiving 10 ppm oxytetracycline. Residual concentrations in the soil were lower than accumulated levels and exerted negligible ecological risks. Tetracyclines accumulation in spinach significantly differed between the vegetables demonstrating a subspecies difference in uptake and accumulation. Ecological risk quotient (RQ) and human health risk quotient (HQ) were below thresholds that would exert toxicity and resistance selection impacts. Although RQs and HQs are low (<0.1), this study shows that the vegetables accumulate tetracyclines from irrigation water, posing plausible human health risks to allergic individuals. Similarly, the ecological risks cannot be ignored because the synergistic and antagonistic effects of sublethal concentrations can perturb ecosystem processes.
Show more [+] Less [-]Water quality management decisions on two Oklahoma streams [Water pollution, biochemical oxygen demand].
1984
Hunter R.G. | Carroll J.H. | Staves J.C.
Land application odor study [Organic-laden potato processing wastewater].
1984
Gerick J.A.
Wastewater reclamation by reverse osmosis.
1979
Argo D.G. | Moutes J.G.