In this text, a laboratory-scale A²O was performed in Linzhi City at a 3000-m altitude. During the test operation, the UV irradiation was carried out in oxic tank for 0, 5, 10, 30, and 180 min. The 16SrRNA gene sequencing was performed on the activated sludge in anaerobic, anoxic, and oxic tanks, and the colony structure characteristics of phyla, genera, and species classification levels in the sludge were analyzed. There were significant differences in the numbers of genera and species (p ≤ 0.05). The community richness, uniformity, diversity, and other indicators differed to some degree compared with those of other regions. The analysis of composition of bacterial colonies revealed different levels. The significance test of the difference between the groups, the significance of the dominant species, and the mechanism of UV was analyzed. A CCA diagram was used to verify that UV is an important factor in the colony structure composition, and the correlation heatmap diagram was used to analyze the microorganisms that are significantly related to UV. A sample hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the time of UV exposure can be divided into two categories, and the effects of UV exposure increase sequentially as the time of exposure increases. A comprehensive analysis found that the enhancing and inhibitory effects of UV affect the composition of the colony structure in the sample, and the time of irradiation will affect the enhancing or inhibitory effect, that is, the colony structure from the samples that were irradiated for different amounts of time differs greatly.

The relations among ecological footprints, biocapacity per capita, gross domestic product per capita, natural resources, urbanization, human capital, and hydroelectric consumption are analyzed from 1971Q1 to 2017Q4 for Brazil and China. The novel quantile autoregressive distributive lag method was employed to analyze the long-run and short-run dynamics of environmental degradation. The findings revealed that economic growth has a positive role in the environmental degradation of both countries. However, human capital, natural resources, and hydropower have heterogeneous effects across quantile distribution and between the two countries. Based on the quantile dynamics of environmental degradation, the present study mentions policy implications for sustainable development.

Crushed shells from three bivalve mollusc species (mussel, oyster and scallop) in two particle size ranges (63–150 μm and 710–1180 μm) were tested for their ability to remove dissolved copper and zinc ions from synthetic stormwater in a column. For comparison, zeolite (1–2 mm), which is commonly used for heavy metal ion capture, was also assessed. All shell types of both particle sizes were effective in removing zinc from solution with 97–100% removal efficiency which was similar to the removal efficiency by zeolite (97.6%). The removal of copper was most efficiently achieved with oyster shell with a particle size range of 710–1180 μm (83.6%), which was similar to the removal efficiency by zeolite (83.4%). Brunauear-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements showed significant decreases in the surface area of the shells after exposure to synthetic stormwater due to adsorption of heavy metals, visually confirmed by observation of a fine layer of metal precipitate adsorbed to the shell particle surfaces using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Overall, the results indicate that crushed bivalve shells have excellent potential for the removal of dissolved zinc and copper from stormwater and should be tested in more complex stormwater studies. This work has significant implications for stormwater infrastructure design using a local, cheap and readily accessible waste material.

A consideration of the negative environmental aspects of fossil fuels has made natural gas the best choice to meet the human demand for energy. The condensate gas reservoir is one source of gases that tolerates skin problems (liquid blockage). Conventional methods for inhibiting or removing liquid blockages are momentary treatments, non-eco-friendly, and expensive. Therefore, new methods have been introduced, such as wettability alteration toward liquid repellency, renewable energies, thermochemical reactions and waves for heating reservoirs, and CO₂ injection. This paper reviews the methods for altering the wettability of porous media by fluorochemicals, fluorinated nanoparticles (NPs), and free fluorocarbon materials from natural substances. NPs, particularly silicon-based types, as a green, clean, and emerging technology that are more compatible with the environment, were investigated for their ability to alter the wettability and upgrade conventional materials, such as polymers and surfactants. The feasibility of using renewable energies, thermochemical reactions, and waves for heating the gas condensate reservoir to overcome the skin problem and return the reservoir to the reasonable and economical gas production is reviewed. Finally, CO₂ injection is introduced as a multi-purpose green method to enhance gas condensate recovery and allow CO₂ sequestration.

The present study exhibits a critical outlook on the poverty and livelihood vulnerability of the fisherman community in the context of persistent water pollution of the Churni River. The logistic regression model has identified eight factors influencing the poverty of the study area while the entropy weight method identifies the livelihood vulnerability of the fishermen. The livelihood vulnerability index of the upper stretch of the river is higher (0.65–0.67) compared to that of the lower stretch (0.46–0.57). The typical spatiality in poverty and livelihood vulnerability is triggered by the fragility of fishing livelihoods in the wake of lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), and higher BOD, COD, ammonia, nitrate and phosphate mainly due to industrial water pollution. For example, average DO ranges from 1.65 mg/l (upper stretch) to 2.50 mg/l (lower stretch) while the average BOD ranges from 5.44 mg/l (lower stretch) to 9.42 mg/l (upper stretch). This pollution induces acute ecological stress concerning declining fish diversity (from 41 to 16 fish species at the upper stretch and 41 to 23 fish species at the lower stretch during 1980–2018) as well as productivity of the existing fish species. Therefore, paralysed fishing economy and high dependency of the fishermen on the Churni River have forced them to revolve into the vicious cycle of poverty and enduring fragile livelihoods. Thus, the fishermen adopt few coping strategies like access to the nearby wetland for fishing, diversity in earning strategy and environmental movements against pollution to reduce the intensity of vulnerability. The present study would help the regional planners to frame the participatory plans for the sustainability of the riverine ecology and economy.

In this study, the safety and risk of fosthiazate as a nematicide against root-knot nematode in tomato and cherry tomato were evaluated. The dissipation and residue of fosthiazate for 28 days in tomatoes and cherry tomatoes were determined and studied by HPLC after simple, rapid pre-treatment. The mean recovery was 83.79~94.18%, and the relative standard deviations were 3.97~7.40%. Results showed that the half-lives of fosthiazate in tomatoes (4.81~5.37 days) were significantly lower than that in cherry tomatoes (5.25~5.73 days). At the pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 21 days, the residues of tomatoes and cherry tomatoes were 0.032~0.046 mg/kg, which were lower than the maximum residue level (MRL) established in China. The potential risks of fosthiazate exposure through the dietary intake of tomatoes and cherry tomatoes to different populations were also studied. According to the results of dietary risk assessment, the residual levels of fosthiazate were within the acceptable range of long-term dietary risk in different populations in China within the sampling interval of 21 days after the application of fosthiazate. Our results show that fosthiazate at 2250 g.a.i./ha in the field control of root-knot nematode has high safety and low risk, and can provide a reference for the safe and reasonable use of fosthiazate as a nematicide in the field.

Moroccan employers have a strong responsibility for the safety and health of their employees in the workplace and for protecting them from the risk of COVID-19 and any occupational hazards, as required by Moroccan law. As a consequence, industries, including the agri-food sector, have put in place preventive measures to deal with this pandemic on several fronts, including the use of hydroalcoholic products and bleach for personal and surface disinfection. These disinfection actions may eliminate or reduce the risk of coronavirus infection, but the increased use of these products by employees could lead to serious health problems and increase the occupational chemical risk in the event of uncontrolled exposure. In order to analyze this risk in the dairy industry in Morocco, we have launched a qualitative and quantitative study to identify and assess the severity of chemical risk to which its employees are exposed. This involves an analysis of the safety data sheets [MSDS] of the disinfectants used and a health and safety survey of the users of these products, particularly for hand disinfection. This analysis showed that this chemical risk is omnipresent and prevention measures are partially adopted. Indeed, the strengthening of health safety measures to combat COVID-19 has significantly increased this risk, resulting in a remarkable imbalance in the assessment and management of occupational risks in this industry. These results have led us to propose corrective and preventive measures against this risk to interested parties and to adopt an integrated management of food and occupational health risks in a single system. This is the use of the Risk Analysis—Critical Control Points (HACCP)-Tool for a First Risk Assessment by Activity Analysis (OPERA) approach, which we developed and proposed in a previous study, for a simplified management of chemical risk in the food industry, especially in small- and medium-sized enterprises.

Low-carbon economy has become the current global economic development trend, and corporate carbon disclosure has attracted more and more attention from scholars and investors. This study creatively explores the mechanism of corporate carbon disclosure on total factor productivity with financing structure as a mediating variable. The content analysis method is employed to assess carbon disclosure that is suitable for Chinese enterprises. Through the mediating effect model and Sobel test, the internal mechanism of carbon disclosure affecting total factor productivity is analyzed, with Chinese heavy polluting enterprises from 2015 to 2018 as research samples. The results show that, firstly, carbon disclosure has a positive effect on the improvement of total factor productivity. The effect of monetary carbon disclosure on the improvement of total factor productivity is higher than that of non-monetary carbon disclosure. Secondly, the financing structure has a mediating effect between carbon disclosure and total factor profductivity, and the mediating effect of internal financing capabilities is better than those of external financing costs. Finally, external financing costs and internal financing capabilities have mediating effects in both heterogeneous carbon disclosure and total factor productivity. The mediating effect of internal financing capabilities is significantly higher than the mediating effect of external financing costs. The effect of monetary carbon disclosure on total factor productivity indirectly through internal financing capabilities is higher than that of non-monetary carbon disclosure.

As a result of anthropogenic action, an increasing amount of toxic organic compounds has been released into the environment. These pollutants have adverse effects on human health and wildlife, which has motivated the development of different types of technologies for the treatment of effluents and contaminated environments. The electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants has attracted the interest of research centers around the world for its environmental compatibility, high efficiency, and affordable cost. In the present study, a bibliometric analysis was performed using the Web of Science database in order to assess the progress of publications related to electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants between the years 2001 and 2021. The data retrieved showed a significant increase in publications related to the topic in the last 20 years. Electrochimica Acta was the magazine responsible for the largest number of publications (291, 6.52%). The studies mainly included the areas of engineering, chemistry, and environmental science ecology. China with a total of 1472 (32.96%) publications dominated research in this area, followed by Spain (436, 9.76%) and Brazil (345, 7.72%). The institutions with the highest number of contributions were the University of Barcelona and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the most productive authors were Brillas E. and Oturan M. A. The results of this study provide important references and information on possible research directions for future investigations on electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants.

Soil enzyme activities and microbial communities have a good response to the remediation effect of heavy metal-contaminated soils. To evaluate the effect of three commonly used washing agents, ferric chloride (FC), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethylenediamine-tetra-methylenephosphonic acid (EDTMP) on soil enzyme activities and microbial community in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated agricultural soil were collected from farmland near a non-ferrous metal smelter. The soil enzyme activities, microbial community, chemical forms of Cd and some physicochemical properties of the soil washed with different washing solutions were determined. The results showed that the three washing solutions had moderate removal efficiencies for Cd in the tested soil and the breakdown product of EDTMP has a certain stabilizing effect on Cd. The geometric mean and the integrated total enzyme activity index showed that soil washing with FC and EDTA was more beneficial to the restoration of biochemical functions than that with EDTMP. After soil washing, the Chao1 index of bacteria increased, and the microbial community structure changed. Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the three washing solutions affected soil enzyme activities and microbial community by altering soil nutrient, total Cd concentration and Cd fractions in soils.