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The internal barriers of rotation for the 209 polychlorinated biphenyls Full text
1997
Andersson, Patrik L. | Haglund, Peter | Tysklind, Mats
The internal barrier of rotation (Erot) was calculated for all 209 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by using a semi-empirical method, viz. the Austin Model 1 (AMI) Hamiltonian. The difference in total energy between a forced planar state and an optimised twisted structure was defined as Erot. The Erot values were in the range of 8.33 to 483 kj/mol, and were significantly influenced by the number of chlorine atoms inortho position. An additional structural characteristic of the PCBs influencing Erot ofortho substituted congeners was substitution by chlorine atoms in vicinalmeta positions, which is assumed to prevent outward bending ofortho substituents. This so-called buttressing effect contributed with 4 to 31 kj/mol per added chlorine atom. In conclusion, the internal barrier of rotation, calculated for all 209 PCBs, provides an important structure dependent physico-chemical parameter for multivariate modelling of future quantitative structure-activity and structure-property relationships (QSARs/QSPRs).
Show more [+] Less [-]Embodied pollution and trade: a two-country general equilibrium model Full text
1997
Diao, Xinshen | Roe, Terry L.
Embodied pollution and trade: a two-country general equilibrium model Full text
1997
Diao, Xinshen | Roe, Terry L.
The effects of environmental policy on trade and social welfare are analyzed in a modified Heckscher-Ohlin framework where pollution is embodied in a good consumed. Utility is non-homothetic to account for changes in the demand for healthy goods when income increases. If the polluting input is used intensively, taxing it alone can cause an increase in the good's level of pollution concentration. Instead, a tax on the polluting input in combination with a subsidy to the non-polluting input can result in Pareto improvement. Contrary to other approaches, an abatement policy does not necessarily have a negative effect on a country's comparative advantage. However, if the country is large, change in terms of trade may cause one country to be made better off at the expense of the other, which suggests that compensatory payments may be required to encourage abatement policies.
Show more [+] Less [-]Embodied pollution and trade: a two-country general equilibrium model Full text
2012 | 1997
Diao, Xinshen; Roe, Terry L. | http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4843-1670 Diao, Xinshen;
The effects of environmental policy on trade and social welfare are analyzed in a modified Heckscher-Ohlin framework where pollution is embodied in a good consumed. Utility is non-homothetic to account for changes in the demand for healthy goods when income increases. If the polluting input is used intensively, taxing it alone can cause an increase in the good's level of pollution concentration. Instead, a tax on the polluting input in combination with a subsidy to the non-polluting input can result in Pareto improvement. Contrary to other approaches, an abatement policy does not necessarily have a negative effect on a country's comparative advantage. However, if the country is large, change in terms of trade may cause one country to be made better off at the expense of the other, which suggests that compensatory payments may be required to encourage abatement policies." -- Authors' Abstract | PR | IFPRI3 | TMD
Show more [+] Less [-]Analyzing nonpoint source water pollution problems
1997
Favero, Philip
Pollution prevention in the paints and coatings industry
1997
Joseph, Ron
The interactions between sediments and water
1997
Evans, R. Douglas | Wisniewski, Joe | Wisniewski, Jan R.
Water pollution IV
1997
Rajar, R (Rudi) | Brebbia, C. A.
Himalayan microbial diversity
1997
Sati, S. C. | Saxena, J. (Jitendra) | Dubey, R. C.
The description, assessment and meaning of vertical fluxes of matter within ecotypes - a systematic consideration Full text
1997
Dämmgen, Ulrich | Grünhage, Ludger | Jäger, Hans-Jürgen
Behavior of air pollutants in forest: Photochemical reactions of natural and anthropogenic organics
1997
Satsumabayashi, H. (Nagano-ken. Research Inst. for Health and Pollution (Japan)) | Sasaki, K. | Yokouchi, Y. | Ueda, H.
Runoff of pesticides from paddy fields after aerial spray
1997
Sasaki, K. (Nagano-ken. Research Inst. for Health and Pollution (Japan)) | Terasawa, J.