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Coral recruitment and potential recovery of eutrophied and blast fishing impacted reefs in Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia Full text
2013
Sawall, Yvonne | Jompa, Jamaluddin | Litaay, Magdalena | Maddusila, Andi | Richter, Claudio
Coral recruitment and potential recovery of eutrophied and blast fishing impacted reefs in Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia Full text
2013
Sawall, Yvonne | Jompa, Jamaluddin | Litaay, Magdalena | Maddusila, Andi | Richter, Claudio
Coral recruitment was assessed in highly diverse and economically important Spermonde Archipelago, a reef system subjected to land-based sources of siltation/pollution and destructive fishing, over a period of 2 years. Recruitment on settlement tiles reached up to 705 spat m�2 yr�1 and was strongest in the dry season (July–October), except off-shore, where larvae settled earlier. Pocilloporidae dominated nearshore, while a more diverse community of Acroporidae, Poritidae and others settled in the less polluted mid-shelf and off-shore reefs. Non-coral fouling community appeared to hardly influence initial coral settlement on the tiles, although, this does not necessarily infer low coral post-settlement mortality, which may be enhanced at the near- and off-shore reefs as indicated by increased abundances of potential space competitors on natural substrate. Blast fishing showed no local reduction in coral recruitment and live hard coral cover increased in oligotrophic reefs, indicating potential for coral recovery, if managed effectively.
Show more [+] Less [-]Coral recruitment and potential recovery of eutrophied and blast fishing impacted reefs in Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia Full text
2013
Sawall, Yvonne | Jompa, Jamaluddin | Litaay, Magdalena | Maddusila, Andi | Richter, Claudio
Coral recruitment was assessed in highly diverse and economically important Spermonde Archipelago, a reef system subjected to land-based sources of siltation/pollution and destructive fishing, over a period of 2years. Recruitment on settlement tiles reached up to 705spatm−2yr−1 and was strongest in the dry season (July–October), except off-shore, where larvae settled earlier. Pocilloporidae dominated near-shore, while a more diverse community of Acroporidae, Poritidae and others settled in the less polluted mid-shelf and off-shore reefs. Non-coral fouling community appeared to hardly influence initial coral settlement on the tiles, although, this does not necessarily infer low coral post-settlement mortality, which may be enhanced at the near- and off-shore reefs as indicated by increased abundances of potential space competitors on natural substrate. Blast fishing showed no local reduction in coral recruitment and live hard coral cover increased in oligotrophic reefs, indicating potential for coral recovery, if managed effectively.
Show more [+] Less [-]Changement de productivité des forêts: diagnostics et théories Full text
2006
Houllier, François | Bontemps, Jean-Daniel | Dhôte, Jean-François
Les changements de productivité des forêts ont été étudiés intensément à partir des années 1990, à la suite des événements relatifs au dépérissement des forêts européennes. Dans cette contribution, on analyse les problèmes méthodologiques soulevés par ce type d'étude, les sources de données disponibles pour l'analyse, et les éléments de diagnostic acquis sur plusieurs espèces forestières du territoire français. Les implications pour le cadre théorique qui prévalait dans les années 1980 concernant la productivité des peuplements forestiers sont enfin discutées. problèmes méthodologiques, sources de données, cadre théorique, éléments du diagnostic
Show more [+] Less [-]Effects of nonionic surfactants on life history traits of Drosophila melanogaster Full text
2025
Richard, Chloé M.C. | Renault, David | Wallart, Violette | Denis, Béatrice | Tarapacki, Pénélope | Marion-Poll, Frédéric | Colinet, H | Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des sciences de l'environnement de Rennes (OSERen) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | The project received financial support from CNRS through the MITI interdisciplinary programs and its exploratory research program (Project PLASTIBIO). The work was also supported by ANSES and ADEME (Projects PLASTICIDE and PLASTIBIO) through the French national research program for environmental and occupational health (PNR EST). The authors thank Emmanuel Le Rouzic and EXperimental ECOLogy platform (ECOLEX) of ECOBIO for their help in the experiments.
International audience | Surfactants are used for a variety of applications such as emulsifiers, solubilizers, or foaming agents. Their intensive production and use in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and agricultural products have resulted in their continuous discharge in the environment, especially via wastewaters. Surfactants have become a threat to living organisms as they interact with, and disrupt, cell membranes and macromolecules. Their effects have mainly been studied in aquatic species; however, terrestrial organisms are also threatened by these emerging contaminants. This study investigates the effects of two widely used nonionic surfactants, Tween-20 and Triton X-100, on key traits of larvae and adults of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We assessed the toxicity of the two surfactants on viability, development time, body size and food intake of the flies. The results revealed that both surfactants induced toxic effects on the drosophila flies leading to decreased viability, delayed development and lowered food consumption at the highest tested concentrations. Both surfactants proved to be toxic to flies, and, for all tested traits, Triton X-100 appeared more toxic than Tween-20. Our results might extend to other invertebrates. The widespread use of these substances, which then end up in the environment, should be regulated to mitigate their impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.
Show more [+] Less [-]Changing gardeners’ point of view on soils with a citizen science project in Southern‑East France Full text
2025
Affholder, Marie-Cécile | Bouvard, Manon | Cecillon, Lauric | Cheviron, Nathalie | Drusch, Stéphanie | Mougin, Christian | Mercier, Vincent | Richaume, Agnes | Sanchez, Wilfried | Egea, Emilie | Delaunay, Delphine | Fondation evertea | Ambassade de France au Kénya | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Plateforme BIOCHEM-ENV ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Unité Expérimentale de Recherches Intégrées en Production Fruitière (UERI) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
International audience | Soil and the threats it faces nowadays are often underestimated by citizens. This is rather due to a lack of awareness than to a lack of interest. In France, the surface covered by private gardens is not negligible, as it represents 2% of the territory, which is four times larger than the area of natural reserves in the country. Therefore, ensuring the protection and preservation of healthy soils in these areas is of great importance. Citizen science is a good way to raise awareness about scientific issues. Using a scientific and educational approach, the citizen science project “La clé du sol,” funded by the Fondation de France coordinated by the evertéa Foundation, aimed to raise home gardeners’ awareness of soil complexity and how to maintain healthy soil, as well as help them realize the possible consequences of their practices. For 2 years, fourteen gardeners participated in the project which involved theoretical and practical workshops where cultivation practices were listed, garden soils were sampled, and their physico-chemical and biological parameters as well as contaminants were analyzed. The strength of this project was the close interaction between the gardeners, a local citizen association, agronomy students, and researchers to decipher and interpret the results and learn how to translate them into practical advice. The progress of the project is presented in this article. Moreover, the scientific, social, and educational contributions of “La clé du sol” as well as the challenges inherent in citizen science projects involving long-term citizen engagement will be discussed.
Show more [+] Less [-]Size-fractionated carbonaceous and iron-rich particulate matter in urban environments of France and Senegal Full text
2024
Delville, Laurence | Léon, Jean-François | Macouin, Mélina | Tastevin, Yann-Philippe | Demory, François | Proietti, Arnaud | da Silva Chibane, Pedro, Henrique | Dias Alves, Maria | Gueye, Mayoro | Laffont, Laure | Gardrat, Eric | Rousse, Sonia | Drigo, Loic | Ustra, Andréa, Teixeira | Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Unité Mixte Internationale "Environnement Santé Sociétés" (ESS) ; Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Sénégal (UGB)-Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique [Ouagadougou] (CNRST)-Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar [Sénégal] (UCAD) | Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement (CEREGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Centre de microcaractérisation Raimond Castaing (Centre Castaing) ; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse) ; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT) | Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP) | Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers (INSU) through the national research program Les Enveloppes Fluides et l’Environnement/Chimie atmosphérique (LEFE/CHAT)MITI (CNRS) | ANR-18-EURE-0018,TESS,Toulouse Graduate School of Earth and Space Sciences(2018) | ANR-21-SDG1-0009,AirGeo,Citizens' empowerment through biomonitoring of air quality in response to mining, recycling and using georesources(2021)
International audience | Road traffic is one of the main sources of particulate matter in the urban environment, emitting particulate organic and elemental carbon compounds and metal-rich particles through combustion and brakes and tires wear. In Western Africa, the carbon and metal composition of airborne particles is also influenced by additional sources linked to biomass combustionand recent industrialization. Here, we investigated the impact of combustion-related and non-combustion-related emissions on the distribution of carbonaceous fractions and iron-rich particles in two urban environments in France and Senegal. The supermicron fraction (Da > 1μm) showed a significantly higher isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) than finer fractions, accounting for 79% in France and 81% in Senegal of the total SIRM. In the submicron fraction (Da < 1μm), we noted significantly higher concentrations of total carbon (TC) and elemental carbon (EC) than for other fractions, both accounting for 71% in France and 68% and 75% in Senegal of the total and elemental particulate carbon concentration, respectively. Electron microscope observations revealed the presence of iron-rich particles for Da < 0.2μm, however, associated with a weak SIRM. Such iron particles may be produced by combustion or abrasion while we suspect that emissions by the abrasionprocess produce larger particles.
Show more [+] Less [-]A Systematic Review and Characterization of the Major and Most Studied Urban Soil Threats in the European Union Full text
2024
Binner, Hannah | Wojda, Piotr | Yunta, Felipe | Breure, Timo | Schievano, Andrea | Massaro, Emanuele | Jones, Arwyn | Newell, Jennifer | Paradelo, Remigio | Popescu Boajă, Iustina | Baltrėnaitė-Gedienė, Edita | Tuttolomondo, Teresa | Iacuzzi, Nicolò | Bondi, Giulia | Zupanc, Vesna | Mamy, Laure | Pacini, Lorenza | de Feudis, Mauro | Cardelli, Valeria | Kicińska, Alicja | Stock, Michael, J | Liu, Hongdou | Demiraj, Erdona | Schillaci, Calogero | University College Cork (UCC) | European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC) | Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB) | Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [España] = University of Santiago de Compostela [Spain] = Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle [Espagne] (USC) | Geological Institute of Romania, Bucureşti, Romania | Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas ; Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas | Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo (UNIPA) | Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme ; Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS-PSL ; École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) | University of Bologna | Polytechnic University of Marche / Università Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM) | AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST) | Trinity College Dublin | Centre for planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University | Agricultural University of Tirana
A Systematic Review and Characterization of the Major and Most Studied Urban Soil Threats in the European Union Full text
2024
Binner, Hannah | Wojda, Piotr | Yunta, Felipe | Breure, Timo | Schievano, Andrea | Massaro, Emanuele | Jones, Arwyn | Newell, Jennifer | Paradelo, Remigio | Popescu Boajă, Iustina | Baltrėnaitė-Gedienė, Edita | Tuttolomondo, Teresa | Iacuzzi, Nicolò | Bondi, Giulia | Zupanc, Vesna | Mamy, Laure | Pacini, Lorenza | de Feudis, Mauro | Cardelli, Valeria | Kicińska, Alicja | Stock, Michael, J | Liu, Hongdou | Demiraj, Erdona | Schillaci, Calogero | University College Cork (UCC) | European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC) | Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB) | Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [España] = University of Santiago de Compostela [Spain] = Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle [Espagne] (USC) | Geological Institute of Romania, Bucureşti, Romania | Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas ; Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas | Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo (UNIPA) | Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme ; Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS-PSL ; École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) | University of Bologna | Polytechnic University of Marche / Università Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM) | AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST) | Trinity College Dublin | Centre for planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University | Agricultural University of Tirana
International audience | There is an urgent need by the European Union to establish baseline levels for many widespread pollutants and to set out specific levels for these under the Zero pollution action plan. To date, few systematic reviews, superseded by bibliometric analyses, have explored this issue. Even less research has been carried out to compare the efficacy of these two data extraction approaches. This study aims to address these two issues by i) constructing an inventory of the available information on urban soils, highlighting evidence gaps and measuring compliance with the Zero pollution action plan, and by ii) comparing the methods and results of these two data extraction approaches. Through Scopus and Web of Science databases, peer-reviewed articles using the terms urban soil in combination with specific urban soil threats and/or challenges were included. Notably, both approaches retrieved a similar number of initial articles overall, while the bibliometric analysis removed fewer duplicates and excluded fewer articles overall, leaving the total number of articles included in each approach as: 603 articles in the systematic review and 2372 articles in the bibliometric analysis. Nevertheless, both approaches identified the two main urban soil threats and/or challenges to be linked to soil organic carbon and/or heavy metals. This study gives timely input into the Zero pollution action plan and makes recommendations to stakeholders within the urban context.
Show more [+] Less [-]A Systematic Review and Characterization of the Major and Most Studied Urban Soil Threats in the European Union Full text
2024
BINNER Hannah | WOJDA Piotr | YUNTA MEZQUITA Felipe | BREURE Timo | SCHIEVANO Andrea | MASSARO Emanuele | JONES Arwyn | NEWEL Jennifer | PARADELO Remigio | POPESCU Iustina | BALTRENAITE-GEDIENE Edita | TUTTOLOMONDO Teresa | IACUZZI Nicolò | BONDI Giulia | ZUPAC Vesna | MAMY Laure | PACINI Lorenza | DE FEUDIS Mauro | CARDELLI Valeria | KICINSKA Alicia | STOCK Michael | LIU Hongdou | DEMIRAJ Erdona | SCHILLACI Calogero
There is an urgent need by the European Union to establish baseline levels for many widespread pollutants and to set out specific levels for these under the Zero pollution action plan. To date, few systematic reviews, superseded by bibliometric analyses, have explored this issue. Even less research has been carried out to compare the efficacy of these two data extraction approaches. This study aims to address these two issues by i) constructing an inventory of the available information on urban soils, highlighting evidence gaps and measuring compliance with the Zero pollution action plan, and by ii) comparing the methods and results of these two data extraction approaches. Through Scopus and Web of Science databases, peer-reviewed articles using the terms urban soil in combination with specific urban soil threats and/or challenges were included. Notably, both approaches retrieved a similar number of initial articles overall, while the bibliometric analysis removed fewer duplicates and excluded fewer articles overall, leaving the total number of articles included in each approach as: 603 articles in the systematic review and 2372 articles in the bibliometric analysis. Nevertheless, both approaches identified the two main urban soil threats and/or challenges to be linked to soil organic carbon and/or heavy metals. This study gives timely input into the Zero pollution action plan and makes recommendations to stakeholders within the urban context. | JRC.D.3 - Land Resources and Supply Chain Assessments
Show more [+] Less [-]N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase measurement on the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum: development, biological variability and application in an ecotoxicological approach Full text
2023
Rollin, Marc | Coulaud, Romain | Quéau, Hervé | Delorme, Nicolas | Duflot, Aurélie | Le Foll, Frank | Geffard, Olivier | Xuereb, Benoit | Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO) ; Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH) ; Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-SFR Condorcet ; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
International audience | Due to its role in the crustacean moulting process, N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAGase) is interesting to monitor the good proceeding of the moult cycle, as well as relevant in assessing changes in the moulting process caused by stressors. The present study aimed to measure the NAGase activity to monitor the moulting process of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum. Firstly, an optimised protocol measuring the NAGase activity was made, allowing a robustness and reproducibility of measurements. Then, intrinsic variability of NAGase response was checked under two physiological factors: the gammarid moult cycle and gender. For both genders, a significative increase of activity was observed during premoult, instead of a basal activity detected during postmoult and intermoult. However, the NAGase female profile was preconised to study since it was defined with more precision. Finally, a 16-day exposure of female gammarids to different levels of treated or non-treated wastewater effluents was made. If delays of tissue development appeared on effluent exposed specimens, NAGase activity was similar between the different conditions. This apparent desynchronization between tissue and molecular activities accentuates the diagnostic of moult impairment and raises the interest to use markers at different organisational levels.
Show more [+] Less [-]Potential of fluorescent tracers to appraise biochar amendment strategies for pesticide mitigation — insights from comparative sorption Full text
2023
Sene, Seynabou | Dollinger, Jeanne | Hammecker, Claude | Lagacherie, Manon | Negro, Sandrine | Samouëlian, Anatja | Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | The study was funded by the Carbonex Company in the framework of a research and development project.
International audience | Mitigation of pesticide dispersion in soil and water is required to protect ecosystem health and the anthropic uses of water bodies. Biochar amendments have been suggested to reduce pesticide dispersion due to their high sorption potentials. Nevertheless, appraisals at different scales have been limited by the costs of pesticide analyses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of two fluorescent tracers, uranine (UR) and sulforhodamine B (SRB), for use as pesticide proxies in the context of biochar amendments used for mitigation purposes. Therefore, we compared the sorption processes of both fluorescent tracers and those of three pesticides, glyphosate, 2,4-D, and difenoconazole for soils; three wood biochars (pine, oak, and beech/charm blend); and soil/biochar mixtures representing agricultural usages. The results showed that the sorption of glyphosate by soil was unaffected by amendment with the tested pine, oak, and wood blend biochars. In contrast, the sorption coefficients of UR, SRB, 2,4-D, and difenoconazole were significantly increased with these biochar amendments. SRB, in particular, exhibited sorption behavior similar to that of the hydrophobic fungicide difenoconazole. This indicates promise for the use of SRB as a proxy for hydrophobic pesticides, in testing biochar amendments.
Show more [+] Less [-]Fate of nitrogen and phosphorus from source-separated human urine in a calcareous soil Full text
2023
Rumeau, Manon | Marsden, Claire | Ait-Mouheb, Nassim | Crevoisier, David | Pistocchi, Chiara | Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | University of Birmingham [Birmingham] | Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | This work was supported by Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
International audience | Human urine concentrates 88% of the nitrogen and 50% of the phosphorus excreted by humans, making it a potential alternativecrop fertilizer. However, knowledge gaps remain on the fate of nitrogen in situations favouring NH3 volatilization and on theavailability of P from urine in soils. This study aimed at identifying the fate of nitrogen and phosphorus supplied by human urinefrom source separation toilets in a calcareous soil. To this end, a spinach crop was fertilized with 2 different doses of human urine and compared with a synthetic fertilizer treatment and an unfertilized control. The experiment was conducted in 4 soil tanks (50-cm depth) in greenhouse condi-tions, according to a randomized block scheme. We monitored soil mineral nitrogen over time and simulated nitrogen volatiliza-tion using Hydrus-1D and Visual Minteq softwares. We also monitored soil phosphorus pools, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus(CNP) in microbial biomass, soil pH and electrical conductivity. Only an excessive input of urine affected soil pH (decreasing itby 0.2 units) and soil conductivity (increasing it by 183%). The phosphorus supplied was either taken up by the crop or remainedmostly in the available P pool, as demonstrated by a net increase of the resin and bicarbonate extractable P. Ammonium seemedto be nitrified within about 10 days after application. However, both Visual Minteq and Hydrus models estimated that more than50% of the nitrogen supplied was lost by ammonia volatilization. Overall, our results indicate that direct application of urine to acalcareous soil provides available nutrients for plant growth, but that heavy losses of volatilized nitrogen are to be expected. Ourresults also question whether long-term application could affect soil pH and salinity.
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