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Bioremediation of 1,2-dichloroethane contaminated groundwater: Microcosm and microbial diversity studies
2015
Wang, S.Y. | Kuo, Y.C. | Huang, Y.Z. | Huang, C.W. | Kao, C.M.
In this study, the effectiveness of bioremediating 1,2-dichloroethane (DCA)-contaminated groundwater under different oxidation–reduction processes was evaluated. Microcosms were constructed using indigenous bacteria and activated sludge as the inocula and cane molasses and a slow polycolloid-releasing substrate (SPRS) as the primary substrates. Complete DCA removal was obtained within 30 days under aerobic and reductive dechlorinating conditions. In anaerobic microcosms with sludge and substrate addition, chloroethane, vinyl chloride, and ethene were produced. The microbial communities and DCA-degrading bacteria in microcosms were characterized by 16S rRNA-based denatured-gradient-gel electrophoresis profiling and nucleotide sequence analyses. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to evaluate the variations in Dehalococcoides spp. and Desulfitobacterium spp. Increase in Desulfitobacterium spp. indicates that the growth of Desulfitobacterium might be induced by DCA. Results indicate that DCA could be used as the primary substrate under aerobic conditions. The increased ethene concentrations imply that dihaloelimination was the dominate mechanism for DCA biodegradation.
Show more [+] Less [-]Commuter exposure to particulate matter and particle-bound PAHs in three transportation modes in Beijing, China
2015
Yan, Caiqing | Zheng, Mei | Yang, Qiaoyun | Zhang, Qunfang | Qiu, Xinghua | Zhang, Yanjun | Fu, Huaiyu | Li, Xiaoying | Zhu, Tong | Zhu, Yifang
Exposure to fine and ultrafine particles as well as particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by commuters in three transportation modes (walking, subway and bus) were examined in December 2011 in Beijing, China. During the study period, real-time measured median PM2.5 mass concentration (PMC) for walking, riding buses and taking the subway were 26.7, 32.9 and 56.9 μg m−3, respectively, and particle number concentrations (PNC) were 1.1 × 104, 1.0 × 104 and 2.2 × 104 cm−3. Commuters were exposed to higher PNC in air-conditioned buses and aboveground-railway, but higher PMC in underground-subway compared to aboveground-railway. PNC in roadway modes (bus and walking) peaked at noon, but was lower during traffic rush hours, negatively correlated with PMC. Toxic potential of particulate-PAHs estimated based on benzo(a)pyrene toxic equivalents (BaP TEQs) showed that walking pedestrians were subjected to higher BaP TEQs than bus (2.7-fold) and subway (3.6-fold) commuters, though the highest PMC and PNC were observed in subway.
Show more [+] Less [-]Particulate Matter deposition on leaves across European urban environments: [i]Platanus[/i] sp. sampling campaign within COST Action FP1204
2015
Sgrigna, G. | Maghakyan, N. | Baldacchini, C. | Esposito, R. | Zivojnovic, I. | Breuste, J. | Velikova, V. | Horvat, P. | Christensen, L. | Le Thiec, Didier | Galina, C. | Grote, R. | Ninegal, T. | Rantzoudi, E. | Carriero, G. | Klamerus Iwan, A. | Gawronski, S. | Amorim, J. H. | Cantar Ilie, C. | Dinca, L. | Djunisijevic, D. | Anicic, M. | Sinjur, I. | Alonso Del Amo, R. | Cariñanos Gonzalez, P. | Bellan, P. | Kern, M. | Moretti, M. | Slingerland, L. | Calfapietra, Carlo | Samson, R.
absent
Show more [+] Less [-]Oxidative stress and brain mitochondria swelling induced by endosulfan and protective role of quercetin in rat
2015
Lakroun, Zhoura | Kebieche, Mohamed | Lahouel, Asma | Zama, Djamila | Desor, Frederique | Soulimani, Rachid | Université frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UMC) | Université Mohammed Seddik Benyahia [Jijel] | University of Jijel (UMSBJ) | Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)
International audience | The neurological damages resulted by endosulfan poisoning is not completely elucidated, especially in cellular organelles such as mitochondria. In the present study, the pro-oxidant effect of endosulfan on brain mitochondria was first investigated. Gavages of endosulfan into rats at the dose of 2 mg/kg induced oxidative stress in this organelle since it provokes a significant reduction of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) level. In addition, a significant increase in mitochondria swelling and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed in neuronal mitochondria, indicating clearly an intense peroxidation within mitochondria. Second, the protective effect of quercetin (QE) (10 mg/kg) against endosulfan-induced oxidative stress in mitochondria was also assessed. Indeed, the pretreatment of rats with QE protects brain mitochondria from oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondria swelling induced by endosulfan. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the mitochondrial content of GSH and MDA were returned to control values. Thus, although endosulfan can have neurotoxic effects in brain rats, this toxicity can be prevented by quercetin.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effect of pyoverdine supply on cadmium and nickel complexation and phytoavailability in hydroponics
2015
Ferret, C. | Cornu, J. | Elhabiri, M. | Sterckeman, Thibault | Braud, A. | Jezequel, K. | Lollier, M. | Lebeau, T. | Schalk, I. | Geoffroy, V. | Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie et Nutrition [CHU Limoges] ; CHU Limoges | Laboratoire d'innovation moléculaire et applications (LIMA) ; Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL) | Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG) ; Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST) ; Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Equipe Dépollution Biologique des Sols ; Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))
International audience | Siderophores are chelators with a high selectivity for Fe(III) and a good affinity for divalent metals, including Cd(II) and Ni(II). Inoculation with siderophore-producing bacteria (SPB) has thus been proposed as an alternative to chelator supply in phytoremediation. Accurate assessments of the potential of this association require a dissection of the interaction of siderophores with metals at the soil–root interface. This study focuses on pyoverdine (Pvd), the main siderophore produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We first assessed the ability of Pvd to coordinate Ni(II). The stability constant of Pvd–Ni(II) (log K L′Ni = 10.9) was found to be higher than that of Pvd–Cd(II) (log K L′Cd = 8.2). We then investigated the effect of a direct supply of Pvd on the mobilization, speciation, and phytoavailability of Cd and Ni in hydroponics. When supplied at a concentration of 50 μM, Pvd selectively promoted Ni mobilization from smectite. It decreased plant Ni and Cd contents and the free ionic fractions of these two metals, consistent with the free ion activity model. Pvd had a more pronounced effect for Ni than for Cd, as predicted from its coordination properties. Inoculation with P. aeruginosa had a similar effect on Ni phytoavailability to the direct supply of Pvd.
Show more [+] Less [-]Simulating the dynamics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in contaminated soil through composting by COP-Compost model
2015
Zhang, Yuan | Guan, Yidong | Shi, Qi | Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | University of Science & Technology of China [Suzhou] | Institute of Urban Environment, ; Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS) | Jiangsu ; Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NJUST) | Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of Ministry of Education of China ; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China 13KJB610014 ; Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology Zd131201
Organic pollutants (OPs) are potentially present in composts, and the assessment of their content and bioaccessibility in these composts is of paramount importance to minimize the risk of soil contamination and improve soil fertility. In this work, integration of the dynamics of organic carbon (OC) and OPs in an overall experimental framework is first proposed and adopted to validate the applicability of the COP-Compost model and to calibrate the model parameters on the basis of what has been achieved with the COP-Compost model. The COP-Compost model was evaluated via composting experiments containing 16 US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the sorption coefficient (Kd) values of two types of OP: fluorenthene (FLT) and pyrene (PHE). In our study, these compounds are used to characterize the sequential extraction and are quantified as soluble, sorbed, and non-extractable fractions. The model was calibrated, and coupling the OC and OP modules improved the simulation of the OP behavior and bioaccessibility during composting. The results show good agreement between the simulated and experimental results describing the evolution of different organic pollutants using the OP module, as well as the coupling module. However, no clear relationship is found between the Kd and the property of organic fractions. Further estimation of parameters is still necessary to modify the insufficiency of this present research.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effects of mixtures of dissolved and particulate contaminants on phototrophic biofilms: new insights from a PICT approach combining toxicity tests with passive samplers and model substances | Effets de mélanges de contaminants dissous et de particulaires sur des biofilms phototrophes: nouvelles perspectives à partir d'une approche PICT combinant des tests de toxicité avec des extraits d'échantillonneurs passifs et de substances modèles
2015
Foulquier, A. | Morin, Soizic | Dabrin, A. | Margoum, C. | Mazzella, Nicolas | Pesce, Stéphane | Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | French National Research Agency (project ANR-CESA-Potomac) LTER Rhone Basin (ZABR, Ardieres-Morcille experimental watershed)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]BELCA | International audience | Streams located in vineyard areas are particularly exposed to mixtures of dissolved and particulate contaminants such as metals and organic pesticides. In this context, phototrophic biofilms are increasingly used as indicators of river water contaminations through pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) assessments based on short-term toxicity tests with individual or mixtures of toxicants. We conducted a laboratory experiment to evaluate the relative influence of the dissolved and particulate fractions on the effects of metals and pesticides on phototrophic biofilms in a context of contamination from a vineyard watershed. Three sets of artificial channels were supplied with (i) unfiltered water from a stream reference site, (ii) unfiltered water from a stream contaminated site, and (iii) filtered water (0.45 microm) from the same contaminated site. Biofilm growth, diatom community structure, and dissolved toxicant concentrations differed slightly between channels supplied with unfiltered or filtered water from the contaminated site. However, PICT assessments with individual toxicants or mixtures of toxicants extracted from passive samplers suggested no significant difference in tolerance to metals and organic pesticides between phototrophic communities supplied with unfiltered or filtered contaminated water. Our results confirm the use of extracts from passive samplers as a promising approach in short-term toxicity tests to characterize impacts of contamination on aquatic communities.
Show more [+] Less [-]Impacts of Deepwater Horizon oil and associated dispersant on early development of the Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica
2015
Vignier, J. | Donaghy, L. | Soudant, P. | Chu, F. L. E. | Morris, J. M. | Carney, M. W. | Lay, C. | Krasnec, M. | Robert, Rene | Volety, A. K.
The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil platform resulted in large amounts of crude oil and dispersant Corexit 9500A® released into the Gulf of Mexico and coincided with the spawning season of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica. The effects of exposing gametes and embryos of C. virginica to dispersant alone (Corexit), mechanically (HEWAF) and chemically dispersed (CEWAF) DWH oil were evaluated. Fertilization success and the morphological development, growth, and survival of larvae were assessed. Gamete exposure reduced fertilization (HEWAF: EC201 h = 1650 μg tPAH50 L− 1; CEWAF: EC201 h = 19.4 μg tPAH50 L− 1; Corexit: EC201 h = 6.9 mg L− 1). CEWAF and Corexit showed a similar toxicity on early life stages at equivalent nominal concentrations. Oysters exposed from gametes to CEWAF and Corexit experienced more deleterious effects than oysters exposed from embryos. Results suggest the presence of oil and dispersant during oyster spawning season may interfere with larval development and subsequent recruitment.
Show more [+] Less [-]A MSFD complementary approach for the assessment of pressures, knowledge and data gaps in Southern European Seas: The PERSEUS experience
2015
Crise, A. | Kaberi, H. | Ruiz, J. | Zatsepin, A. | Arashkevich, E. | Giani, M. | Karageorgis, Aristomenis | Prieto, L. | Pantazi, M. | Gonzalez-fernandez, D. | D'Alcala, M. Ribera | Tornero, V. | Vassilopoulou, V. | Durrieu De Madron, Xavier | Guieu, C. | Puig, P. | Zenetos, A. | Andral, Bruno | Angel, D. | Altukhov, D. | Ayata, S. D. | Aktan, Y. | Balcioglu, E. | Benedetti, F. | Bouchoucha, Marc | Buia, M. -c. | Cadiou, Jean-francois | Canals, M. | Chakroun, M. | Christou, E. | Christidis, M. G. | Civitarese, Giuseppe | Coatu, V. | Corsini-foka, M. | Cozzi, S. | Deidun, A. | Dell'Aquila, A. | Dogrammatzi, A. | Dumitrache, C. | Edelist, D. | Ettahiri, Omar | Fonda-umani, S. | Gana, S. | Galgani, Francois | Gasparini, S. | Giannakourou, A. | Gomoiu, M. -t. | Gubanova, A. | Gucu, Ali-cemal | Gurses, Ozgur | Hanke, G. | Hatzianestis, I. | Herutx, B. | Hone, R. | Huertas, E. | Irisson, J. -o. | Isinibilir, M. | Jimenez, J. A. | Kalogirou, S. | Kapiris, K. | Karamfilov, Ventzi | Kavadas, S. | Keskin, G. | Kideys, Ahmet | Kocak, M. | Kondylatos, G. | Kontogiannis, C. | Kosyan, R. | Koubbi, Philippe | Kuspilic, G. | La Ferla, R. | Langone, L. | Laroche, Sophie | Lazar, Luminita | Lefkaditou, E. | Lemeshko, I. E. | Machias, A. | Malej, A. | Mazzocchi, M. -g. | Medinets, Volodymyr | Mihalopoulos, N. | Miserocchi, S. | Moncheva, Snejana | Mukhanov, V. | Oaie, Gheorghe | Oros, A. | Ozturk, A. A. | Ozturk, B. | Panayotova, M. | Prospathopoulos, A. | Radu, G. | Raykov, V. | Regiero, P. | Reygondeau, G. | Rougeron, Natacha | Salihoglu, B. | Sanchez-vidal, A. | Sannino, G. | Santinelli, C. | Secrieru, D. | Shapiro, G. | Simboura, N. | Shiganova, Tamara | Sprovieri, M. | Stefanova, Kremena | Streftaris, N. | Tirelli, V. | Tom, Moshe | Topaloglu, B. | Topcu, N. E. | Tsagarakis, K. | Tsangaris, C. | Tserpes, G. | Tugrul, S. | Uysal, Z. | Vasile, Daniela | Violaki, K. | Xu, J. | Yuksek, Ahsen | Papathanassiouh, E.
PERSEUS project aims to identify the most relevant pressures exerted on the ecosystems of the Southern European Seas (SES), highlighting knowledge and data gaps that endanger the achievement of SES Good Environmental Status (GES) as mandated by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). A complementary approach has been adopted, by a meta-analysis of existing literature on pressure/impact/knowledge gaps summarized in tables related to the MSFD descriptors, discriminating open waters from coastal areas. A comparative assessment of the Initial Assessments (IAs) for five SES countries has been also independently performed. The comparison between meta-analysis results and IAs shows similarities for coastal areas only. Major knowledge gaps have been detected for the biodiversity, marine food web, marine litter and underwater noise descriptors. The meta-analysis also allowed the identification of additional research themes targeting research topics that are requested to the achievement of GES.
Show more [+] Less [-]Impact of Galvanic Anode Dissolution on Metal Trace Element Concentrations in Marine Waters
2015
Deborde, Jonathan | Refait, Philippe | Bustamante, Paco | Caplat, Christelle | Basuyaux, Olivier | Grolleau, Anne-marie | Mahaut, Marie-laure | Brach-papa, Christophe | Gonzalez, Jean-louis | Pineau, Samuel
Submerged harbor steel structures often employ cathodic protection using galvanic anodes to guard against corrosion. A laboratory experiment, with three different cathodic protection configurations by galvanic aluminum-based anodes, was performed to evaluate the potential metal transfer from the anodic alloy dissolution into the surrounding marine water. The anode dissolution rate is proportional to the imposed current demands and induced a significant Al, In, and Zn transfer in the dissolved and particulate fractions of the corrosion product layers covering the anode surface. These layers were poorly adherent, even under low hydrodynamic conditions. Consequently, at the anode vicinity, the suspended particle matter and dissolved fraction of surrounding marine waters showed strong enrichments in Al and Zn, respectively, the values of which could potentially affect the adjacent biota. After the anode activation period, however, the metal inputs from galvanic anode dissolution are rapidly diluted by seawater renewal. At regional scale, these metal fluxes should be negligible compared to river and wastewater fluxes. These results also showed that it is difficult to assess the impact of the anode dissolution on the concentrations of metals in the natural environment, especially for metals included in trace amounts in the anode alloy (i.e., Cu, Fe, In, Mn, and Si) in the aquatic compartment.
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