It is known that agricultural lands remain limited due to the ever increasing human population. That is why the necessity of increasing the crop production is constantly emphasized. In the crop production, quality should be increased along with yield. Nonetheless, there are amounts that people should take from each group of nutrients daily to ensure adequate and balanced nutrition. As known, malnutrition has negative effects on human health, which causes some diseases. Field crops, as well as other feeding groups, are of great importance in human nutrition. It is known that oil plants, which belong to the group of industrial plants, have an important place in human nutrition as in the vast majority of field crops. Thus, in this article, some important oil plants will be examined in terms of human nutrition.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, glütensiz cips ürününün derin yağda kızartılmadan önce farklı sıcaklık ve sürelerde ön kurutmaya tabii tutularak nem ve yağ absorplama kapasitesinin araştırılmasıdır. Ayrıca cipsin bazı fizikokimyasal içeriği ile duyusal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi de bir diğer amaçtır. 60°C ve 15 dk’ya kadar yapılan ön kurutma neticesinde örneklerin kuru madde içerikleri artarken sıcaklık 70°C’ye çıkartıldığında azalma göstermiştir. Benzer olarak örneklerin yağ içerikleri aynı sıcaklık ve süreye kadar 19,21 g/100g dan 13,06 g/100g’a kadar azalma gösterirken daha sonraki sıcaklık ve sürelerde artış sergilemiştir. Örneklerin kül, su aktivitesi ve protein değerlerinde herhangi bir değişim gözlenmemiştir. Örneklerin renkleri ön kurutma işleminden önemli derecede etkilenmiş ve ön kurutma şartlarına bağlı olarak parlaklık ve sarılığın azaldığı, kırmızılığın ise arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Duysal analizlerde de panelistler cips örneklerine artan ön kurutma sıcaklığı ve süresine bağlı olarak düşük renk skorları vermiştir. Sertlik, tat/koku, yağlılık ve genel beğenide ise anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmemiştir. Bu çalışmada yağ içeriği azaltılmış ve daha sağlıklı glütensiz cips ön kurutma işlemi kullanılarak üretilmiştir

Var olduğu günden beri doğa ile etkileşim halinde olan insanoğlu doğadan farklı amaçlar için yararlanmaktadır. Eğlenmek, çeşitli aktivitelerde bulunmak, kendini iyi hissetmek için her zaman doğanın bir parçası olan yeşil alanlara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Ancak insanlar; hızlı ve çarpık şehirleşme, sanayileşme ve teknoloji gibi faaliyetler sebebiyle azalan yeşil alanlarla artan kapalı mekanlarda yaşamlarını devam ettirmektedir. Kırsal alanlarda yaşayan insanların da artan kaygıları, onları şehirlere çekmeye başlamış, kentler giderek yoğunlaşmış, birçok kentte ihtiyacı karşılamak adına betonlar yükselmiş, yaşam kalitesi azalmış, doğa hiç bozulmayacakmış gibi tahrip edilmiş ve bugün birçok konut yeşil alansız, bahçesi olmadan inşa edilmiştir. Yeşile özlem duyan, doğadan uzaklaşan günümüz insanında depresyon ve buna bağlı olarak gelişen psikolojik bozukluklar görülmeye başlanmıştır. Doğa ve doğal alanların insanlar üzerindeki olumlu etkileri birçok bilim insanı tarafından da tespit edilmiştir. Son yıllarda, insan sağlığı üzerinde yapısal çevrenin etkileri dikkat çekmiş ve “iyileştirici bahçe” kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır. İyileştirici bahçeler peyzaj mimarlığı çalışmalarında da yeni bir hareket etkisi oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada; iyileştirici bahçelerin çeşitli sağlık problemleri olan hastalar üzerindeki etkilerinden bahsedilerek, tasarım ilkelerine göre değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır.

Bu araştırma, iklim odasında sodyum selenat uygulaması ile yetiştirilen adaçayı bitkilerinden elde edilen hidrosollerin çemen ve kişniş tohumlarının çimlenmesi üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Denemede, çemen ve kişniş tohumları üzerine farklı konsantrasyonlarda adaçayı hidrosolü (2,5, 5, 7,5 ve 10 ml) uygulanmış ve kontrol olarak saf su kullanılmıştır. Hidrosol uygulaması yapılmış çemen ve kişniş tohumlarının çimlenme oranı, yaş ağırlık, kuru ağırlık, kök uzunluğu, gövde uzunluğu ve kök/gövde oranları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere Bölünmüş Parseller Deneme desenine göre varyans analizi yapılmış ve ortalamalar LSD testi ile kıyaslanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; çemen tohumlarında çimlenme oranı %38,35-51,00, yaş ağırlık 0,04-0,12 g, kuru ağırlık 0,001-0,035 g, kök uzunluğu 0,71-2,02 cm, gövde uzunluğu 1,27-3,20 cm, kök gövde oranı 0,34-0,82 arasında değişirken, kişniş tohumlarında çimlenme oranı %18,61-39,21, yaş ağırlık 0,0011-0,034 g, kuru ağırlık 0,004-0,030 g, kök uzunluğu 1,5-4,58 cm, gövde uzunluğu 1,08-3,69 cm, kök gövde oranı 0,47-2,51 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek çimlenme oranı çemen tohumlarında selenyum uygulaması yapılmamış adaçayı hidrosolünün 2,5 ml dozundan (%51,00) elde edilirken, kişniş tohumlarında ise en yüksek çimlenme oranı 5 mg selenyum uygulaması yapılmış adaçayı hidrosolünün 7,5 ml dozunda (%39,21) görülmüştür.

Transmission of pathogenic microorganisms from contaminated surfaces to hands could cause various diseases. In this study, the microbiological status of shopping carts was investigated in İzmir. To determine where the samples will be taken from and to get user’s opinions about hygiene, a survey was carried out. Total of 100 samples were taken from shopping carts in 20 different markets between February and April, and total viable counts and Escherichia coli counts were applied in samples. Total viable counts of shopping cart handles for 100 samples were found between 0,82– 4,88 log CFU/10 cm2. Coliforms and E.coli were not found in the analysed samples. According to the results, it is seen that the shopping carts have different levels of microbial load; the market environment and the users are effective on these profiles. It has been determined that cleaning and disinfection processes should be applied to improve the hygienic condition of shopping carts and high numbers of microorganisms in the shopping cars might be a potential risk for public health.

In this study, the effects of the extracts obtained from flower, stem, leaf, branch and their mixture of Nerium oleander L. on the seed germination and seedling growth of four Pistacia species (Pistacia terebinthus L., P. vera L., P. khinjuk Stocks., P. atlantica Desf. and P. terebinthus L.) were investigated. Five hundred grams of N. oleander was taken from the plant parts and the extracts were mixed with distilled water (1.5 L). The extracts were applied to Pistacia species for 24 and 48 hours. The results showed that the extract had positive effects on their germination and growths of the species mentioned above. The highest germination rate for all the Pistacia species was obtained from the extracts of flower, while the lowest germination rate was recorded in the mixture of all parts of N. oleander mentioned above. Moreover, the treatment time was found to reduce the germination ratio. It was also found that the extracts from the stem of N. oleander were the most effective on the stem height of the Pistacia species studied. It was followed by the extracts from branches, leaves and flower, respectively. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the extracts from the stem of N. oleander had pronounced effect on the stem diameter of the Pistacia species studied. It was followed by the extracts from flower, leaves, and branches, respectively. In general, the effects of the extracts from several parts of N. oleander on the germination and other growing parameters were found to be almost comparable to those of synthetic promoter, Gibberellic Acid (GA3).

The study was aimed to determine the anionic detergent pollution level and some physico-chemical parameters (pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved substance, conductivity, temperature, phosphate, oxidation reduction potential) seasonally in Sarıkum Lake, which is located in Sinop province between November 2016 and July 2017. According to one-year measurement data, the highest of anionic detergent concentration was 0.056 mg / L and the lowest value was 0.021 mg / L. The classification of the results was made in accordance with the Water Pollution Control Regulation (2008) and Surface Water Quality Regulation (2016). In the study, Water quality is equivalent to Class I (high quality) in terms of anionic detergent, pH and temperature values but are equivalent to Class II (a bit dirty) and III (dirty) in point of dissolved oxygen, total dissolved matter and phosphate phosphorus values. In addition, it is equivalent to Class IV (very dirty) with regard to conductivity value. Detergent pollution coming from the settlements of Sarıkum Lake is observed to be low in contrast to expectations, while the high phosphorus value shows that the ecosystem living in the lake is exposed to agricultural pollution especially in terms of environmental resources.

The aim of this study is to make economic analysis of the production period of 2017-2018 and the results of the annual activity. The data of the research was created as primary and original questionnaires through face-to-face interviews. The sample volume was determined by stratified sampling method. The enterprises are classified according to land size as 1-50, 51-100, 101- +. The questionnaire numbers were distributed proportionally to the producer. The average land size of the enterprises is 125,32 decare in the city. Gross production value (GSÜD) was found to be 191.766.73 TL, gross product (GSH) was 197.041.98 TL, gross profit was 756.73 TL/ha, pure product was 412.23 TL/ha and annual value was 367.77 TL/ha. When the production examined was examined, it was concluded that the history of the analysis in the third groups was told. In addition, economic profitability, financial profitability and financial profitability were reported as 2.57%, 3.27% and 26.22%, respectively.

The use of dried cheese in food production and food preparation sectors is becoming increasingly widespread. Dried cheese is preferred because of their longer shelf life at room temperatures, smaller packaging sizes, practical use, and their ease of homogenization in food products. Various technologies are currently being used for the drying of cheese and efforts are still being made to develop new methods. Freeze drying is a highly preferred technique for the production of dried cheese due to high quality of the final product. Instant removal of water and low process temperatures ensure an effective prevention of chemical and microbial deterioration. In this study, White, Kashar and Tulum cheeses were dried by freeze-drying method. Physicochemical analyses were carried out on the first day in order to determine the initial quality of cheese samples. The moisture and salt content were highest in White cheese, titratable acidity and fat content were highest in Tulum Cheese. Freze dried cheese samples were stored in room conditions for 6 months and changes in microbial populations such as mesophilic aerobic bacteria, yeast and moulds, lactic acid bacteria, Staphylococci spp. and coliform group bacteria were determined. The results showed that Tulum Cheese contained highest microbial counts in general. The number of bacteria was 7.71±0.10 log cfu/g in Tulum Cheese, 5.70±0.07 log cfu/g in White cheese. Total counts of yeasts and molds were 7.37±0.06 log cfu/g for Tulum cheese and 4.92±0.07 log cfu/g for Kashar Cheese. Statistical analysis was performedby using Minitab Statistical Package Program to evaluate the results of microbiological analysis on dried cheese samples.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the risk management strategies and the level of risk perception of the entrepreneurs in agricultural enterprises classified according to production activities. Risk behaviours of entrepreneurs were examined according to the enterprise typologies, and the reference game was used for this purpose. The success of the economic activities of the enterprises was determined by an analysis of the annual operating results. The risk perception was investigated according to the enterprise typology. As a result, it was determined to be perceived as risk factors: drought, fluctuation of input and product prices in the livestock enterprises; drought, precipitation, pests, frost and hail in the mixed plant enterprises; drought, precipitation, frost and hail in the mixed plant and livestock enterprises; pest, diseases, hail, drought and precipitation in the specialized perennial enterprises; storm, capital shortage, loans, price fluctuation, yield fluctuation and fire in the specialized horticulture enterprises; drought, frost, hail, insufficient and unpredictable precipitation in the crop enterprises. The general information on agricultural issues, the implementation of new farming techniques, the diversity in production, the planned debt, the contract production, agricultural protection and the market follow were found out as management strategies for these risk factors.