Herbal plants are using for folk medicine since immemorial times. Hippocrates who is the father of medicine, refer to 400 medicinal plants and advised ‘‘let food be your medicine and let medicine be your food’’. Most of plants are using today for medicine. It is still acceptable today that prevention is more important than treatment. Saffron was utilized in folk remedy against scarlet fever, smallpox, colds, asthma, eye and heart diseases, tumours, and cancer.

Chemical control is the most common method used to control Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). This study compared the application of the five most widely used insecticides in the management of A. pistaciae which has resulted in significant yield losses, in Siirt (Kurtalan) and Şanlıurfa (Birecik) in 2023. Active ingredients spinetoram, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, sulfoxaflor, and spirotetramat were examined in the study. The study was designed with four replications, and its characters were formed by the insecticides registered concentration and the control. The plots measured 3 x 3 = 9 trees. Nymph and adult counts were conducted from the middle trees before, as well as 7, 14, and 21 days after application following the application of the spray. The Henderson-Tilton formula was used to analyze the counting data for nymph or adult counts in each plot of leaf samples. All registered active ingredients effected the A. pistaciae above %80 all count days. Among the active ingredients the biological efficacy of spirotetramat was the highest compared to other insecticides. These active ingredients can be used to control A. pistaciae, with consideration given to the pest's potential resistance to insecticides and the impact of the ingredients on natural enemies.

The present investigation aims to evaluate the phytochemical and antibacterial potential of different parts of A. marmelos. Thousands of species are acknowledged to have medicinal value and the use of different parts of several medicinal plants to cure specific aliments has been in vogue since archaic periods. Keeping this point in view, a study was undertaken to analyze the phytochemical and biological activity of a very valuable medicinal plant ‘Aegle marmelos’. Pieces of literature were collected from various journal articles, Government institutes and other relevant reports were studied and the major findings were summarized. Leaves of Aegle marmelos has been picked and collected from the local area of Chitwan, Nepal. During the present study, the extraction of the phytochemical was performed by Soxhlet extractor. The leaves were subjected to successive extraction using methanol inclusive of hexane as a solvent to procure extra activity test. Phytochemical screening of methanol extract and hexane extract leaves revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, etc. For the antibacterial activity test, the Disc diffusion method was used which showed the presence of S. aureus and E.coli. The study concluded that Aegle marmelos plant incorporated miscellaneous phytochemicals along with the antibacterial activity. Such phytochemicals derived from plant has a great prospect in contributing effective antibacterial agents to treat against intractable life-threatening diseases. Within this view, the present study has explored the efficiency of the Aegle marmelos as a valuable natural source.

Honey, bee venom, royal jelly, pollen, propolis and other bee products are natural products that are used to protect and maintain human health, to create a strong and dynamic health condition, and used as a ethnopharmacological medicine in the therapy of some illness. The use of different bee products to strengthen the immune system is still very common today. In this study, it was aimed to determine the in vitro effects of royal jelly samples collected from Sivas province in HUVEC cell culture conditions by determining the healing endothelial damage. In this context, royal jelly samples were obtained from the province of Sivas, where beekeeping is carried out intensively and successfully, in the 2022 harvest period. The effect of royal jelly extracts on the cell proliferation of endothelial cell culture was investigated. Repair of endothelial cell damage, cell growth and development and migration values were measured using the HUVEC cell line, and the data were evaluated with SPSS, GraphPad, ImageJ programs. Although there were significantly important increases in cell growth, development and cell viability values in HUVEC cells treated with different doses of royal jelly at the end of 24 and 48 hours, no statistically significant difference was found in terms of cell migration ratio compared to the control group.