In this study, the effect of P. arvense-H. vulgare mixture and V. pannonica grown in the fallow year on silage yield and quality of subsequent cereals were investigated in the arid condition of Eskişehir, Turkey. The fresh weight of P. arvense-H. vulgare mixture with 2750 kg/da was found two-fold high than V. pannonica. P. arvense-H. vulgare mixture significantly increased the fresh and dry hay weights of cereals except for H. vulgare cv. İnce. In addition, the highest grain yield was obtained by growing Triticosecale cv. Karma in P. arvense-H. vulgare mixture plots. Due to the high pH and low dry matter content of triticale samples, the Fleig scores were very low, which is a quality indicator in silage. ADF and NDF ratios were the highest in A. sativa cv. Checato as a negative quality factor. Top-dressing of nitrogen had a positive effect on the crude protein ratio. It was concluded that production of quality roughage can be sustainably increased by growing P. arvense-H. vulgare mixture in barren areas in the fallow year and followed by sowed cvs. Karma, Müfitbey, and Checato in the cereal growing season.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Osmaniye ilinde bulunan tahıl depolarının mevcut durumu ve yapısal özelliklerini belirlemek, karşılaşılan sorunlara çözüm önerileri sunmaktır. İlde 2015 yılı kayıtlarına göre 225 adet tahıl deposu bulunmaktadır. Anket yapılacak işletme sayısı Oransal Örnekleme Yöntemi ile 142 adet olarak hesaplanmıştır. Anketler bu işletmelerde 2016 yılında yapılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Osmaniye ilinde tahıl depolarının %99,3’ü özel teşebbüslere, %0,7’si ise devlet kuruluşlarına aittir. Bunların %89,4’ü kâgir, %10,6’sı ise çeliktir. Sadece çelik depolar projelidir. Depolama süresi depoların %42,2’sinde 2-4 ay, %46,6’sında 5-8 ay, %11,2’sinde ise 9 ay ve daha fazladır. Depoların %50’sinde doğal, %10,6’sında mekanik havalandırma, %39,4’ünde ise havalandırma bulunmamaktadır. Duvarlarda ve çatıda yalıtım malzemesi yoktur. Çatı şekli depoların %38’inde beşik, %51,4’ünde düz tavan, %10,6’sında ise koniktir. Tahıl depolarının tamamında jeneratör bulunmamaktadır. Kâgir depoların duvarlarında çatlaklar ve nemden dolayı kabarmalar, küflenmeler gözlenmiştir. Havalandırma pencerelerinin boyutlarının yetersiz hatta bazı depolarda havalandırma pencerelerinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Nem ölçüm aleti, depoların sadece %30,3’ünde, sıcaklık ölçüm aleti ise %14,1’inde bulunmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlardan Osmaniye ilinde yeterli depo bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir. Çelik siloların kurulumunun kolay ve depolama kapasitesinin yüksek olması, kısa zamanda inşa edilmesi, zaman ve iş gücünden tasarruf sağlaması nedeniyle Osmaniye ilinde kurulması önerilmektedir.

In this study, Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and Percent of Normal Index (PNI) values were found in order to determine the drought conditions between 2012-2020 in Ankara province. Drought severity interpretations were made according to the index values obtained and these values were evaluated together with some grain yields grown in the region. Separate regression analysis was performed between the different drought index values obtained within the scope of the study and the irrigated and dry agricultural yield values of wheat, barley and triticale. According to the index values calculated between 2012 and 2020 according to the SPI method, drought conditions are generally close to normal in the region. According to the PNI values, it was determined that 2013 had mildly dry conditions and other years had near-normal drought conditions. According to both indices, a drought close to normal was observed during the research period. In the regression analysis made according to wheat, barley and triticale yields, the highest linearity was obtained in barley, and values close to barley were found in triticale. Wheat is the cereal with the lowest linearity. The regression coefficients obtained as 0.4294 for barley, 0.3331 for triticale, and 0.0502 for wheat were found to be 0.0584 for SPI and 0.0013 for PNI. According to the results obtained, it can be said that statistically linearity is in barley and triticale. In average yields, an increase of 47% in wheat, 55% in barley and 34% in triticale was observed with irrigation. In order to ensure sustainable grain cultivation in drought conditions, it is recommended to expand modern irrigation practices in coordination with drought analysis studies and to increase scientific studies on this subject.

The aim of this write up is to explore technological developments in the area of post-harvest grain storage techniques. Post-harvest losses occur between harvest and the moment of human consumption. They include on-farm losses, such as when grain is threshed, winnowed, and dried, as well as losses along the chain during transportation, storage, and processing. Use of traditional grain storage facilities such as cribs, improved rhombus, and brick bins are ineffective against mold and insects already present in the grain before storage. While plastic bins reduce insect pests’ infestation, Purdue Improved crop storage bags and wooden silo were proved to be a viable management tool for preventing aflatoxin accumulation in storage and moisture migration. The metal silo still remains an effective grain storage technology for reducing post-harvest insect and pathogen losses if the challenges of moisture and temperature can be adequately managed. An effective grain storage technology would be the ones that can sustain quality of grain stored for a long period (≥5 years), durable, cost-effective, and be managed scientifically, possibly by computer-aided grain management system.