In this study, we performed a genetic diversity analysis using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (Inter simple sequence repeat) markers for some Chrysochamela species growing in Turkey. PCR was performed using RAPD and ISSR primers and genomic DNA samples from each specimen, and the resulting bands were scored. Phylogenetic relationships and genetic distances between the studied taxa were calculated using the PAUP analysis program. According to the RAPD analysis, the closest genetic distance was found to be 0.20000 between C. noeana populations, while the most distant values were found as 0.60000 between C. noeana and C. elliptica. The ISSR analysis also revealed the closest genetic distance as 0.34043 between C. noeana populations, while the most distant values were found to be 0.55319 between C. noeana and C. elliptica. UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) dendrogram generated for both RAPD and ISSR analyses consisted of two groups. As a result, it was found that RAPD data were more appropriate for comparison with the previous anatomical and morphological data of the studied taxa.

WRKY transcription factors are a class of DNA-binding proteins that bind with a specific sequence C/TTGACT/C known as W-Box found in promoters of genes which are regulated by these WRKYs. From previous studies, 43 different stress responsive WRKY transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana, identified and then categorized in three groups viz., abiotic, biotic and both of these stresses. A comprehensive genome wide analysis including chromosomal localization, gene structure analysis, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis and promoter analysis of these WRKY genes was carried out in this study to determine the functional homology in Arabidopsis. This analysis led to the classification of these WRKY family members into 3 major groups and subgroups and showed evolutionary relationship among these groups on the base of their functional WRKY domain, chromosomal localization and intron/exon structure. The proposed groups of these stress responsive WRKY genes and annotation based on their position on chromosomes can also be explored to determine their functional homology in other plant species in relation to different stresses. The result of the present study provides indispensable genomic information for the stress responsive WRKY transcription factors in Arabidopsis and will pave the way to explain the precise role of various AtWRKYs in plant growth and development under stressed conditions.