Çukurova Yöresi ülke ekonomisine önemli katkı yapan başlıca tarımsal üretim bölgelerinden biridir. Kuraklık, sel gibi ekstrem hava olaylarının yanı sıra iklim değişikliği nedeniyle daha az ve şiddetli yağışların artan sıcaklıkla birleşmesi tarımsal üretimi olumsuz etkilemektedir. Çalışmada RegCM modelinin Türkiye için kullanılabilirliği çeşitli test ve doğrulama çalışmalarıyla denenmiş ve modelin referans dönemi için ortalama, ortalama maksimum, ortalama minimum, maksimum, minimum sıcaklıkları sırasıyla 2.8 ile -4.3, 9.2 ile -7.5, 14.6 ile -4.3, 8 ile -8.3, 14.3 ile -5.4ºC arasında değişen aralıklarda farklı benzeştirdiği gözlenmiştir. Yağış benzeşim sonuçlarının tutarlılığının topoğrafik yapıyla yakından ilgili olduğu belirlenmiştir.

In this study, it was aimed to reveal the effect of temperature and humidity values provided by the semi-open and closed barns in the winter season on milk yield and components and the somatic cell count (SCC) level in milk in Anatolian buffaloes, and for this purpose, to compare both barn types and to reveal their suitability for buffalo breeding. In the study, temperature and humidity values were determined between December 2020 and March 2021 in two types of barns with similar feeding conditions in Bafra district, Samsun, and milk samples taken from buffaloes raised in these barns were analyzed. Temperature Humidity Index (THI) values were determined as 61,09±0,211 and 51.08±0.173 for the closed and semi-open barn type, respectively. In the study, in which the type of barn and therefore the temperature and humidity values provided in the barn environment did not affect the amount of milk yield, the milk fat ratio was determined as 8.89±0.227% and 8.16±0.176% for closed and semi-open barns, respectively. While other milk components were not affected by the barn conditions, the logSCC of milk was lower (4.54±0.071) in the closed barns when compared to the semi-open barns (4.73±0.044). Although no statistical difference was determined in the other milk parameters discussed, it was noted that there is an increasing tendency in the closed barns. It was observed that the changes in temperature and humidity values in both barn environments during the period caused nonlinear changes in milk composition. While indoor conditions were more effective on solids-non-fat (SNF), protein and lactose in the closed barn, the highest effect was on the fat ratio and logSCC in the semi-open barns. As a result, it can be said that both types of barns can be used in buffalo breeding since there is no significant difference in milk yield and other components, although there is a slight difference in milk fat ratio and logSCC level in closed and semi-open barns of Anatolian buffaloes in the climatic conditions of the region where the study was conducted.

In recent years, it has gained importance to develop models to determine the contribution of parks to reducing the temperature together with their surroundings. ENVI-met, which is used for this purpose, allows simulations for different conditions/materials with projections over many years. This study aims to determine the temperature levels arising from the surface materials and the projections of long years in the near areas of Cumhuriyet Park in Çukurova District of Adana. The study consists of 3 stages. In the first stage, information about the subject was gathered together. In the second stage, modeling was carried out using ENVI-Met 4.4.5 climatic simulation software in order to determine the temperature levels caused by different materials in the study area. The scenario for the future has been put forward. The data obtained in the third stage of the study were evaluated and suggestions were presented. As a result of the study, it was determined that Cumhuriyet Park, which is one of the important green areas of Çukurova district, contributed significantly to the decrease in the temperature level around it. This contribution is felt more intensely especially in the immediate vicinity of the park. It has been shown that the effect decreases with distance from the park. In the scenario put forward at the end of the 28-year period, it is predicted that the temperature level of the parking area will increase by approximately 2.4°C. This study reveals the importance of the selection of soil materials in preventing the warming of cities because of climate change experienced all over the world. In this context, local administrations attach importance to efforts to increase the quality of urban life; developing strategies in this regard is important for achieving results.

In this study, it was aimed to optimize the ultrasonic rehydration conditions of dried tomatoes. Rehydration conditions were optimized by Response Surface Method (RSM). The optimization of ultrasonic (37 kHz) rehydration conditions were performed with independent variables at different temperatures (20-80°C), time (2-60 min) and water ratios (1/50-1/100 g/g water), and rehydration ability, color a* (redness) and texture values were selected as responses (dependent variable). The estimated and experimental analysis results were compared in the selection of the optimum rehydration condition. As a result, it was determined that ultrasonic rehydration at 58°C/54 min/72 ml water conditions could be used as the optimum point. At the selected optimum point, the rehydration ability, color a* value and texture values were determined as 2.82±0.16, 13.09 ±1.63 and 0.46±0.13 N, respectively. These results are seen as proof that ultrasound application can be used in the rehydration of dried tomatoes.

This study was aimed to determine the responses of some sunflower hybrids to drought and low temperature stresses during germination and seedling development period. Sunflower hybrids of Sanbro MR, 63LE113, 64LL62 and Meteor were used in the study. Germination percentage, mean germination time, root and shoot length, root / shoot ratio, seedling fresh and dry weight of the sunflower hybrids were investigated at two temperatures (low 15°C and optimum 25°C) and drought stresses (distilled water, -1.5, -3.0, -4.5 and -6.0 bar) induced by polyethylene glycol 6000. The results of the research showed that there were significant differences among the sunflower hybrids in terms of the investigated characteristics. Increased drought stresses led to decreasing germination percentage, root and shoot length, seedling fresh weight, but caused a prolonged germination time and increased seedling dry weight. No significant change was observed in the germination and seedling development of the sunflower up to drought of -3,0 bar. The root / shoot ratio of sunflower hybrids increased at 15°C. The Sanbro MR had the fastest and highest germination along with the highest seedling fresh and dry weight at low temperature and higher drought stresses. It was concluded that sunflower hybrid Sanbro MR gave better performance under drought and low temperature conditions than the other hybrids.

In the study, it has been demonstrated its use for a data set obtained from layer hens in a hybrid approach obtained by combining BAGGING and MARS. In the study, the data of 2018 of the egg production enterprise in a private livestock enterprise in the Çukurova Region of Adana province were used. In the research, a data set obtained from Lohman breed chickens, who are at an average age of 60 weeks, was used. Earth (enhanced adaptive regression through hinges) and caret (classification and regression training), mda (Mixture Discriminant Analysis) packages were used in R STUDIO program to provide a stronger solution of regression problems in the created MARS and Bagging MARS algorithm. The estimation performance of the bagging MARS technique was evaluated with the goodness of fit criteria by taking the B value of the bootstrap sample number 3. In the study, the effect of temperature and humidity on egg yield, broken / cracked eggs, number of dead animals and feed consumption was investigated using MARS and bagging MARS analysis. While the effect of evening temperature(t3) on egg yield was found to be significant, it was not included in the estimation equation since morning (t1) and noon(t2) temperatures did not have a significant effect. Since the number of broken / cracked eggs and dead animals is less than 5 weeks, these variables are not included in the estimation equation in MARS and Bagging MARS models. It has been observed that feed consumption has a positive contribution in both models.

This study was carried out in order to determine the effect of organic liquid fertilizer applications on grain yield, yield characteristics and some quality trait of wheat in different periods in organic agriculture trial area. The trial was conducted in four replications according to a split-plot design in randomized blocks in trial area of the vocational Akçakale high school during the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 growing season. Şölen 2002 and Edessa wheat varieties and organic liquid fertilizer and barnyard manure were used as materials in the research. Organic liquid fertilizer was applied in five different periods such as control, tillering, beginning of the bolting, the end of the bolting and the hearing, provided that the dose remained the same. According to the results of the research, the highest values were obtained in the end of the bolting of Şölen-2002 variety in terms of grain yield and yield components (spike length, spikelet number, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, plant height, hectoliter weight and thousand kernel weight). According to the results of two years, the highest grain yield (530.43 kg/da-1) was obtained in the end of the bolting application of Şölen-2002 variety. Since the first year of the study was warmer and more drought than the second year, While the yield and yield components decreased, the quality characteristics (protein and dry gluten ratio) increased. Due to the temperatures, Edessa variety had higher protein and dry gluten ratios than Şölen-2002 variety.

This study was aimed to determine the responses of some sunflower hybrids to drought and low temperature stresses during germination and seedling development period. Sunflower hybrids of Sanbro MR, 63LE113, 64LL62 and Meteor were used in the study. Germination percentage, mean germination time, root and shoot length, root / shoot ratio, seedling fresh and dry weight of the sunflower hybrids were investigated at two temperatures (low 15°C and optimum 25°C) and drought stresses (distilled water, -1.5, -3.0, -4.5 and -6.0 bar) induced by polyethylene glycol 6000. The results of the research showed that there were significant differences among the sunflower hybrids in terms of the investigated characteristics. Increased drought stresses led to decreasing germination percentage, root and shoot length, seedling fresh weight, but caused a prolonged germination time and increased seedling dry weight. No significant change was observed in the germination and seedling development of the sunflower up to drought of -3,0 bar. The root / shoot ratio of sunflower hybrids increased at 15°C. The Sanbro MR had the fastest and highest germination along with the highest seedling fresh and dry weight at low temperature and higher drought stresses. It was concluded that sunflower hybrid Sanbro MR gave better performance under drought and low temperature conditions than the other hybrids.

İklim değişikliği küresel ısınma ile birlikte sera gazlarının artışını ve iklimde meydana gelen her tür değişikliği ifade eder. Son 50 yılda sera gazlarından CO2 konsantrasyonunun %30’un üzerinde arttığı, gelecek yüzyılda ise bu artışın daha hızlı olacağı tahmin edilmektedir. İklim değişikliği yıl içerisinde ve yıllar arasında önemli sıcaklık ve yağış farklılıklarına neden olabilmektedir. İklim değişikliğine paralel olarak flora da değişmektedir. İklim değişikliği nedeniyle bazı alanlarda tür sayısının azaldığı saptanmış ve özellikle serin iklim türlerinin yüksek sıcaklıklara adapte olamamasından dolayı daha da azalacakları öngörülmektedir. İklim değişikliği meralarda verimi önemli derecede etkilemektedir. Batı yarım kürede verim artışı Doğu yarım küreden daha yüksek olurken, Kuzey Amerika, Orta Asya, Orta Afrika ve Okyanusya’daki meraların iklim değişikliğine karşı hassasiyeti ortaya çıkmıştır. Yaz sıcaklıklarının yüksek olduğu alanlarda küresel ısınma hayvanlarda yem tüketim etkinliğini, canlı ağırlık artışını, süt verimini ve üremeyi olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Serin bölgelerde ise küresel ısınmanın etkisi daha az hissedilmektedir. İklim değişikliklerinin çayır meralar üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak ve tahminlerde bulunmak için yoğun çaba harcanmaktadır. Gelecekle ilgili yüksek güvenirlikli tahminler yapabilmek için detaylı modelleme çalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır. Yapılan tahminlere göre özellikle ülkemizde küresel ısınmanın etkili olacağı öngörülmektedir. Bundan dolayı çayır-mera yem bitkilerinde kurağa dayanıklı çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi, farklı ekolojik bölgelerimize adapte olabilecek C4 yem bitkisi türlerinin belirlenmesi ve bu türlerin yetiştirme tekniği ve ıslah çalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır.

Bu araştırma, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümünde, laboratuvar koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada materyal olarak Balcı ve Dinçer olmak üzere iki aspir çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada çimlenme sıcaklığı olarak 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 ve 36 °C olmak üzere, 4°C derece aralıklı olacak şekilde, toplam 8 farklı sıcaklık uygulamıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, her iki çeşitte de çimlenme oranının uygulanan çimlenme sıcaklıklarından istatistiki anlamda çok önemli düzeyde etkilenmiş olduğu, genel ortalama çimlenme oranının %56,1 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çeşitlerin çimlenme oranı Balcı çeşidinde %58,7 ve Dinçer çeşidinde %53,6 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çimlenme sıcaklıklarına göre aspirde çimlenme oranının %35,3 ile %71,7 arasında değiştiği, en yüksek çimlenme oranının 16°C sıcaklıkta elde edildiği belirlenmiştir. Çeşit x çimlenme sıcaklığı interaksiyonu bakımından değerlendirildiğinde en yüksek çimlenme oranının %76,2 ile Balcı çeşidinden 16°C çimlenme sıcaklığında elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca çimlenme sıcaklığı ile çimlenme oranı arasındaki ilişkiler de çok önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak çimlenme sıcaklığının 16°C’ye kadar arttığında, çimlenme oranının da arttığı ve 16°C’den daha yüksek çimlenme sıcaklıklarda ise çimlenme oranının azaldığı belirlenmiştir.