The availability of high-yielding varieties adapted to diverse agro-ecologies and production systems, preferred by farmers and consumers, is the key factor limiting productivity. Farmers access seeds of different quality levels from various seed systems. Studies on seed systems and rates in relation to yield and yield traits of bread wheat varieties under irrigation are limited. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in 2021 in Northwestern Ethiopia to improve the productivity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties through suitable seed rates and systems under irrigation. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement of two varieties (Kakaba and Ogolcho), three seed systems (formal, intermediate and informal), and three seed rates (125, 150, and 175 kg ha-1) in three replications. SAS software was used for analysis. The results showed that the seed system and variety interaction had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on productive tiller numbers, days to 50% heading, kernel numbers per spike, and plant height. Additionally, the productive tiller numbers and days to 50% heading were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by the interaction of variety with seed rate. However, the main effects of seed system, seed rate, and variety alone had a significant (P < 0.05) impact on physiological maturity, 1000-seed weight, kernel length, grain yield, biomass yield, and harvest index. The highest grain yields were obtained from the following main factors: seed system (intermediate (4.52 t ha-1); seed rate (150 kg ha-1 (4.71 t ha-1)); and variety (Kakaba (4.47 t ha-1)), which exceeded the average yield in irrigation (4.4 t ha-1). It is necessary to conduct experiments involving a greater number of seed rates and varieties over multiple cropping seasons and locations and sowing dates to strengthen the results.

This study aimed to determine the effects of the addition of different doses of Lactobacillus brevis to oat silage on the physical and chemical properties, aerobic stability, in vitro organic matter digestibility, and energy value of the silage.  In the study, the treatment groups were oat control (OC), 1x106 (Lb6), 1x108 (Lb8) and 1x109 cfu/kg dry matter (Lb9) L. brevis inoculated oats. Inoculation of L. brevis into oat silage increased the number of lactic acid bacteria and decreased the pH of the silage at the time of opening. This inoculation decreased the organic matter, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents of the silages at opening compared to those of OC, while increasing the dry matter and crude protein contents. The L. brevis inoculation into oat silage decreased the pH values and yeast counts on the fifth day after opening the silages compared to OC, without affecting the amount of CO2 production and mold count. The inoculation did not affect the in vitro organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy value of silage; but increased the net energy lactation value compared to OC. When the L. brevis doses are evaluated independently, it can be said that 1*108 and 1*109 cfu/kg DM doses contributed more effectively to oat silage, so any of these doses can be preferred.

Phosphorus is essential for plant growth, but mishandling phosphorus-rich waste can harm the environment. This study assessed inorganic phosphorus from fruit and vegetable dumpsite soils and its relation to soil properties. Fifteen (15) soil samples were collected and homogenized into five (5) representative samples each from the dumpsites at depths of 0-15cm, 15-30cm, and 30-60cm and were analyzed for calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca-P), reductant soluble phosphorus (RS-P), Fe-bound Phosphorus (Fe-P), aluminium-bound phosphorus (Al-P), and Soluble/loosely bound P. The data obtained was analyzed using the student’s t-test to compare the different fractions in fruit and vegetable dumpsite soils. The results showed no significant differences between fruit and vegetable dumpsite soils in all the inorganic P fractions. However, vegetable dumpsite soils recorded higher soluble P, Al-P, Fe-P, RS-P, and Ca-P levels of 11.65, 36.29, 41.95, 40.75, and 41.35 mg/kg, respectively. These values were not significantly different from 9.75, 34.01, 39.28, 37.11 and 41.03 mg/kg recorded by fruit dumpsite soil for soluble P, Al-P, Fe-P, RS-P and Ca-P respectively. Results also revealed that reductant soluble P, Calcium bound P, and Na+ with an R2 value of 0.88 had a combined significant influence on the concentration of soluble P. However, the concentration of the inorganic P fractions for vegetable dumpsite soil is in the order; Fe-P> Ca-P>RS-P>Al-P>soluble P, while that of fruit dumpsite soil is in the order; Ca-P>Fe-P> RS-P>Al-P>soluble P. Soluble phosphorus significantly impacts eutrophication due to its rapid release into water. However, low levels of soluble P in fruit and vegetable dumpsite soils are not a major concern. In vegetable dumpsite soil, Fe-P would pose a greater threat during anoxic events while, in fruit dumpsite soil, Ca-P would contribute more to eutrophication due to its high concentration in this soil, especially in alkaline conditions.

Bu çalışmada, Samsun ili 19 Mayıs ilçesinde çalışma hayatında yer alan kadınların dondurulmuş besin tüketim alışkanlıklarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, 200 çalışan kadın birey ile yapılmıştır. Aktif olarak çalışan ve araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan bireyler çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Bireylerin vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu ölçülmüştür. Bireylerin vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu kullanılarak beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarında, bireylerin %76,0’sı dondurulmuş besin tüketirken %24,0’ü tüketmemektedir. Dondurulmuş besin gruplarından sırasıyla et ve et ürünleri, meyve ve sebze, hamur işleri daha fazla tüketilmektedir. Bireylerin dondurulmuş besin satın alma nedenleri, %41,4’nün zamandan tasarruf, %48,0’nin hazırlama kolaylığından, %6,6’nın reklamlardan etkilendiği, %18,4’nün mevsimsel farklılıktan satın aldıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Bireylerin satın almama nedenleri incelendiğinde, %25,0’i fiyatını yüksek bulmakta, %33,3’ü sağlıklı olduğuna inanmakta, %33,3’ü taze olmadığı ifade etmekte ve %4,2’i ise doyurucu olmadığını düşünmektedir. Tüketim şekli incelendiğinde, %61,8’i yardımcı yemek olarak, %42,8’i aperatif olarak, %17,1’i ana yemek olarak tükettiklerini belirtmişlerdir. Aile bireyleri içerisinde 15-30 yaş aralığında bireyler dondurulmuş besini en fazla tüketmektedir. Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin dondurulmuş besin tüketip tüketmeme durumuna göre yaş, medeni durum, eğitimleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur. Genel olarak dondurulmuş besinler, çalışan bireyler ve aileler için kolaylık, beslenme ve lezzet arasında bir denge sunan kullanışlı ve pratik bir seçenek olabilir. Ancak dondurulmuş besinlerin güvenli etiketlemeye, depolama koşullarına, tüketim miktarına ve şekline de dikkat etmek gerekmektedir.

Examining agricultural exports from the specific perspective of the Turkish economy is essential, as it facilitates the development of foreign trade policies, strengthens the agricultural sector, enhances global market competitiveness, and optimizes productivity. This study employs multiple regression analysis to assess the impact of exchange rate volatility and inflation on Türkiye's agricultural exports from 2016 to 2023. The results indicate that these two variables have a moderate effect on the value of Türkiye’s agricultural exports. Additionally, the analysis highlights that exchange rate volatility and inflation rates significantly affect these exports. Particularly, the positive impact of exchange rate volatility on exports suggests that firms may benefit from increasing their export share.

The basic need of humanity is food. The agricultural sector has had to use new technologies in food production in recent years. The increase in the world population has necessitated the agricultural sector to produce more. Therefore, in recent years, the use of technology in agriculture has increased and new developments have occurred. Especially Industry 4.0 technologies have become preferred by manufacturers with the convenience and added values they provide. In this research, participants’ views on their expectations from technology in agriculture, their views on the use of drones in agriculture, farmers’ views on technology use, and farmers’ views on the agricultural technology context were examined. In the research, information management systems in agriculture and a survey to determine students’ interest in agricultural projects were used as data collection tools. Rapidly developing technology in recent years makes the work of producers easier in the field of agriculture and offers researchers the opportunity to research new topics. Within the scope of this research, it is important to create this research in order to determine the needs and reveal the current situation. According to the research, the participants do not see themselves as having sufficient knowledge about technology in agriculture. The research results show that the participants do not follow the developments in agriculture in the digital environment. It is seen that the participants have partially sufficient knowledge about the use of drones in agriculture, that the use of drones will be beneficial and that the use of drones will replace the use of traditional agricultural tools.

Millets, including pearl millet, foxtail millet, and finger millet, among others, offer a complementary solution to traditional staple crops such as wheat, rice and maize, particularly in the context of climate change. Known for their resilience to heat, drought, and poor soil conditions, millets can be integrated into existing agricultural systems to enhance food security and nutritional diversity in regions increasingly affected by climate change. While millets may not replace staple crops, their cultivation alongside these staples provide several benefits, including improved nutritional outcomes and reduced environmental impact. Pearl millet, for instance, is rich in iron and zinc, addressing micronutrient deficiencies that are common in many developing regions. Finger millet’s high calcium content makes it a valuable addition to diets in areas with limited access to dairy. These grains thrive in marginal environments, contributing to more sustainable farming practices with a lower environmental footprint. Incorporating millets into agricultural systems can reduce dependency on water-intensive crops, lower the risk of crop failure, and provide a buffer against the impacts of climate change. By diversifying cropping systems, millets could help to stabilize food production and improve nutritional outcomes without displacing the critical role of traditional staples in global diets. To maximize the benefits of millets, efforts should focus on improving value chains, supporting smallholder farmers, and increasing consumer awareness. Moreover, targeted research and supportive policies are critical to unlocking their full potential and integrating them effectively into global food systems. As the world faces the dual challenges of climate change and malnutrition, millets offer a viable pathway to enhance resilience and sustainability in agriculture, complementing staple crops and enriching global food systems.

Bu çalışma; ıslah sonrasında tuzlu - sodyumlu topraklara çiftlik gübresi uygulanmasının toprakların bazı önemli özellikleri ile arpa verimine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Hasat sonrası yapılan analizlerde çiftlik gübresi uygulanmış ve arpa yetiştirilmiş toprakların pH, CaCO3, değişebilir Na ve Ca, KDK, ESP, kütle ve tane yoğunluğunda azalma olduğu görülmüştür. Organik madde, porozite; agregat stabilitesi, hidrolik iletkenlik, tarla kapasitesi, solma noktası ve yarayışlı nem değerleri artmıştır. Gübre uygulamalarının pH değerinde düşüşe, organik madde miktarında önemli bir artışa ve EC değeri ise çok az bir artışa neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Uygulanan gübre dozunun artışıyla topraklardaki ESP değerlerinin önemli oranda azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Her iki gübre türünde de yüksek dozda gübre uygulamasının toprakların katyon değişim kapasitesi değerlerinde azalmaya,  buna karşılık hidrolik iletkenlik, porozite, agregat stabilitesi ve toprağın su tutma kapasitesi değerlerinde artış görülmüştür. Islahtan sonrası gübre uygulanmış topraklarda yetiştirilen arpa bitkisinin 1000 dane ağırlığı, birim alan başına çıkış yapan bitki sayısı ve boyu, başaktaki dane sayısı ve ham protein miktarlarında özellikle yüksek gübre dozlarında iyileşme olmuştur.