Excessive sugar intake can lead to poor health outcomes. The use of sweeteners is considered as a strategy to reduce added sugar consumption. The presence of sweeteners in food products has increased significantly in many countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the added sugars and sweeteners in packaged products. 1550 (57.9%) out of 2676 food products contained at least one added sugar. Confectionery and desserts (35.38±24.82 g/100 g), and snack foods (20.70±16.20 g/100 g) were the main categories containing the highest amount of added sugar. 229 (8.6%) out of 2676 food products contained various types of sweeteners. The most popular added sugar was sucrose (62.9%), while the most popular sweetener was sorbitol (28.2%). This is the most comprehensive study in the city center of Edirne province in Türkiye reporting on the types and frequency of added sugars and sweeteners in packaged products. This study offers monitoring to improve the legislation of Türkiye on added sugars and sweeteners used in the food supply.

A study using the assigned Complete Block Design with three replications was carried out at Hobigong, Bangladesh from January to August 2021 to investigate the impact of different combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and production of bitter gourd. The experiment employed five different combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers, which are listed below: T1: 4 kg of organic fertilizer per plant, T2: 4 kg of organic fertilizer + 2 liters of cow urine + 2 liters of bc (biochar), T3: 2 liters of liquid bc (biochar)) + NPK (44 g urea + 43 g TSP (Triple Super Phosphate) + 77 g MoP (Muriate of Potash), T4: NPK (44 g urea + 43 g TSP + 77 g MoP), and T5: 4 kg of organic fertilizer + 2 liters of bc+ NPK (44 g urea + 43 g TSP + 77 g MoP) on three distinct soils in the villages of Kalonjhora, Madhabpur, and Jointure. The growth and yield of bitter gourd at different study locations were significantly affected by the application of both organic and inorganic fertilizers, according to the results. The results showed that the use of both organic and inorganic fertilizers had a significant effect on the development and yield of bitter gourd at the different study sites. Maximum germination rate (90%), at 45 DAS (days after sowing), longest plant (173.28 cm) at 100 DAS, maximum number, longest and heaviest fruit (6.30 number of fruits per plant, 15.51 cm and 82.50 g, respectively) were obtained from crops grown in Jointer village that were applied with 4 kg organic fertilizer + 2 liters bc + NPK (44 g urea + 43 g TSP + 77 g MOP). According to the previously described research, most development and yield characteristics of bitter gourd are improved when grown in a mixture treated with 4 kg organic fertilizer + 2 liters bc + NPK (44 g urea) + 43 g of TSP + 77 g of MoP.

The main goal of this study was to assess the qualitative composition of essential oil (P), a natural extract produced from wasted orange peels in the citrus processing sector. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate the alterations in fish feeds when this essential oil is incorporated and stored. The essential oil was extracted from the orange peels provided for the study using the hydrodistillation method and the Clevenger apparatus. The study determined the volatile components of the oil with 100% accuracy. The primary constituent was identified as D-limonene, comprising 59.27% of the total composition. Subsequently, experimental feed groups were established by including the essential oil in the feed rations at ratios of ‰0 (P0), ‰0.5 (P5), ‰1 (P10), and ‰3 (P30). Under storage conditions, the feeds were stored in feed sacks for 60 days. Periodic samples were collected during storage and subjected to nutritional, microbiological, structural, and oxidation tests. The results of the study show that P had no protective effect in fish diets against the growth of yeasts, molds, and other mesophilic aerobic bacteria (p > 0.05). It was shown that the nutritional values varied over time during storage. However, this variation was not substantially correlated with the amount of P in the diets (p > 0.05). There was no discernible impact of the addition of P on the structural characteristics of the feed grains. Nevertheless, the inclusion of P substantially impeded the process of lipid oxidation in the diet (p<0.05). After the two-month storage period, it was shown that adding at least 1 ‰ of P to the fish meals prevented the peroxide generated from oxidation in the feed from exceeding acceptable levels.

Tomato buds of cv. Idkawy were cultured in vitro on solid MS medium with 0.2 mg-l BAP. The plantlets that were produced were exposed to different doses of gamma radiation, ranging from 100 to 200 Gy. Afterward, single pieces of nodes were cut and moved to a fresh MS medium with 0.2 mg-l of BAP. The gamma radiation caused a mortality rate of 18.75% to 52.5% among the explants. The surviving plantlets were then cut into single node pieces and transferred to an MS medium containing 0.2 mg-l of BAP, with added NaCl concentrations of either 50 or 100 mM. There was increased mortality of the vegetative buds on the explants with increased salt concentrations. It was shown that the all gamma radiation doses caused reduced the percentage of survival at saline levels. The genetic diversity was assessment by using ten primers for each SCoT and ISSR markers to six irradiated treatments grew under salt stress (100 Gy x 50 mM, 150 Gy x 50 mM, 200 Gy x 50 mM, 100 Gy x 100 mM, 150 Gy x 100 mM, 200 Gy x 100 mM). It was showed that the polymorphism percentage mean of SCoT marker (29.56%) is higher than the ISSR marker (26.78%). The average of PIC values for both markers SCoT and ISSR were 0.197 and 0.288 (PIC ˂0.5), as well as, MI values were 0.077 and 0.081, respectively. In contrast, when considering the number of alleles (Ne), Nei's genetic diversity (H), and Shannon's information index (I) parameters, it was observed that the greatest genetic variation was caused by the combined treatment of 200 Gy x 50 mM NaCl using the SCoT marker. On the other hand, with the ISSR marker, the highest induced genetic variation was seen with the combined treatment of 150 Gy x 50 mM NaCl. The obtained results demonstrate that SCoT marker was more accurate and efficient than ISSR marker for distinguishing and genetic variation analysis of irradiated tomato plantlets grew under salt stress. The relationships within treatments were estimated through cluster analysis (UPGMA) based on SCoT and ISSR analysis.

Implementing the right strategies in the agricultural supply chain in the supply of seeds, pesticides, fertilizer, energy, fuel and agricultural mechanization tools and equipment has a great role in increasing agricultural productivity. The main purpose of the study is to rank and evaluate alternatives in choosing a sustainable fertilizer supplier in the agricultural supply chain by using AHP-F and ARAS-F techniques. In an environment of uncertainty and complex supply chain structure, multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods are widely used to solve supplier selection problems. In this study, the importance levels and weights of the criteria in the selection of sustainable fertilizer suppliers were measured by the AHP-F method. The criteria that are important for fertilizer supplier selection were evaluated by taking expert opinions, the uncertain and uncertain opinions of the decision makers were modeled with the AHP-F approach and the weights of the criteria were determined. Among the criteria, resource consumption (FSC05) has the highest weight. Then, alternative rankings were obtained with the ARAS-F method. Fertilizer supplier alternatives in the agricultural supply chain were ranked with the ARAS-F method, using the criterion weights found with AHP-F. In the ranking of alternatives, alternative fertilizer supplier FS03 ranked first with the highest value. This study provides a resource for businesses and other stakeholders to make decisions regarding sustainable fertilizer supplier selection.

This study aims to determine the functionality and benefits of blockchain technology in food procurement. Within the scope of the study, Migros Trade Inc., a retail food supply company implementing blockchain technology in Türkiye, was examined as a case study. The study employed a qualitative research case study design, asking expert participants from Istanbul and Izmir to give their opinions on pre-designed themes, and conducting descriptive analyses of the data collected. The themes of the research are food supply chain, good agricultural practices, sustainability in food, blockchain applications in food supply and food safety. At the end of the study, it was found that the transparency and traceability principles of blockchain have a positive impact on consumers and supply chain stakeholders. However, challenges such as technical infrastructure and performance, as well as the reasons for not starting the process directly from the field, were the problems experienced. The data shows that blockchain technology is an efficient system that should be expanded in the food supply chain.

This study examines the relationships between authentic leadership perceptions and organizational commitment levels of public personnel working in the agriculture and forestry sector. Within the scope of this research, surveys consisting of ready-made scales were used. The authentic leadership scale is a scale consisting of four dimensions and 16 items. The answers given to the surveys were interpreted using the SPSS package program. When the results of the research are evaluated in general; It appears that the perception of authentic leadership has a significant effect on organizational commitment. Looking at the demographic results; According to gender, it has been determined that men have more authentic leadership perceptions than women. According to education level; It appears that authentic leadership perception and organizational commitment do not differ. When examining whether employees’ authentic leadership perceptions and organizational commitments vary according to their age; It is seen that the perception of authentic leadership and organizational commitment differ according to age. While employees between the ages of 36 and 40 have higher perceptions of authentic leadership; Organizational commitment of those between the ages of 41 and 45 was higher.

The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-genotoxic potential of thymoquinone (TQ) against DNA damage in NRK-52E cells treated with high glucose using the comet assay technique single cell gel electrophoresis method. Cells were propagated by regular passages in in vitro conditions. TQ proliferative concentration (10μM) and IC25 (3rd-hour: 550 mM, 12th-hour: 240 mM, 24th-hour: 200 mM) and IC50 (3rd-hour: 760 mM, 12th-hour: 400 mM, 24th-hour: 280 mM) values for each hour of high glucose and were determined separately with MTT method. At these concentrations, the cells were divided into control(C), Thymoquinone (TQ), high glucose(G) and high glucose plus thymoquinone (GT) groups; It was incubated with the indicated substances for 3, 12, 24 hours. DNA damage was evaluated by applying the comet assay protocol and the results were calculated as DNA damage index (DDI). While DDI levels were observed to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in all groups administered high glucose compared to the control, a significant decrease was determined in all groups in which TQ was added along with high glucose. It was determined that high concentrations of glucose had genotoxic effects on kidney cells, and TQ administration together with high glucose, depending on concentration and time, had a significant effect on reducing DNA damage. However, it was concluded that the application of only thymoquinone significantly increased the DDI value compared to the control, and this was a data worth investigating in future studies. Additionally, TQ inhibited DNA damage. These results demonstrated the importance of TQ against nephrotic syndrome with its high antioxidant properties.

Bu araştırmada, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde bulunan 12 göletin fitoplanktonik organizmaları taksonomik ve ekolojik yönden incelenmiştir. Her gölet için, sadece bir adet örnekleme istasyonu seçilmiştir. 22 Haziran 2002’de 12 istasyondan 60 μ göz açıklığındaki plankton kepçesi ile toplanan örnekler % 4’lük formaldehit ile fikse edilerek, optik mikroskopta incelenmiştir. Çalışmada tayin edilen organizmaların 15’i Cyanobacteria, 24’ü Heterokontophyta, 3’ü Dinoflagellata, 9’u Euglenophyta ve 34’ü Chlorophyta’ dan olmak üzere toplam 85 fitoplankton taksonu tespit edilmiştir. Göletler, fitoplankton taksonlarının varlık ve yokluklarına baz alınarak uygulanan kümelenme ve metrik olmayan çok boyutlu ölçeklendirme analizine göre 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Yarı kurak iklim koşullarından etkilen göletlerdeki sığlaşmanın ve tuzluluğun fitoplankton dağılımında ana faktör olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda saptanan taksonlar, fitoplanktonik organizmalar üzerine çalışmaların mevcut olamadığı K.K.T.C tatlısu alg florasi için ilk kayıtlardır.

Yağış deseninin ve potansiyelinin doğru belirlenmesi su kaynakları yönetimi, planlaması ve geliştirilmesi açısından çok önemlidir. Yağışlar zamana ve yere göre en fazla değişkenlik gösteren iklim elemanıdır. Bu sebeple yağış ölçümlerinde diğer iklim elemanlarından daha sık ölçüm ağına ihtiyaç duyulur. Bu çalışmada yağış ölçer ağı sıklığı ve konumunun Antalya Havzasında yağış deseni, miktarı ve hacmine olan etkisinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu maksatla çalışmada iki farklı veri seti kullanılmıştır. Veri Seti-1’de sadece Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü (MGM) istasyonlarına ait yağış verileri kullanılmıştır. Veri Seti-2’de MGM ve Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü (DSİ) istasyonlarına ait yağış verileri birlikte kullanılmıştır. Veri setlerinin mekânsal enterpolasyonunda, çok yaygın bir kullanım alanına sahip olan jeoistatistik Ordinary Kriging (OK) yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Veri setlerinin sonuçları çapraz doğrulama yöntemiyle ölçülmüş ve Ortalama Mutlak Hata (MAE), Ortalama Karekök Hatası (RMSE), Belirleyicilik Katsayısı (R2) ve Nash-Sutcliffe etkinlik katsayısı (NSE) ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Veri Seti-1 ile NSE: 0.64, R2: 0,64, MAE: 123,75 ve RMSE: 145,83; Veri Seti-2 ile NSE: 0,77, R2: 0,77, MAE: 111,55 ve RMSE: 135,22 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Veri Seti-1 ile karşılaştırıldığında Veri Seti-2’nin hata miktarları daha düşük, doğruluğu ve çalışma alanını temsil etmesi daha yüksektir. MGM ve DSİ istasyonlarının birleştirilerek kullanılması çalışma alanında istasyon ağı sıklığı ve homojenliği sağlamıştır. Bu uygulama enterpolasyon metodunun da başarısını artırmıştır. Havzanın alansal ortalama yağış miktarı MGM istasyonlarıyla 763 mm, Veri Seti-2 istasyonlarıyla 887,1 mm olarak hesaplanmıştır. DSİ yağış istasyonu verilerinin kullanımı Antalya Havzanın yağış deseni ve potansiyelinde büyük farklılıklar oluşturmuştur.