Small landholder farmers rely on various information sources to obtain information for agricultural production. In the context of Innovation diffusion theory and Learning model, this study examines the extent to which information sources contribute to enhancing technology adoption in Bono region of Ghana, with a focus on small landholders (farmers cultivating on less than two hectares of farm size). Using a pre-tested questionnaire, we obtained information from 180 randomly selected small landholder rice farmers. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. The results indicate that respondents tended to trust information from fellow farmers (86.7%), extension agents (84.4%), local information centers (82.8%), and agro-dealers (79.4%). They mostly obtained information on input availability (82.2%), modern farming techniques (78.9%), marketing options (72.8%), and farm management practices (70.6%). Regarding technology adoption, the results showed a higher rate of adoption of improved rice varieties (81.1%), herbicides (74.4%), and fertilizers (69.4%). The chi-square analysis revealed that extension agents, television, agro-dealers, posters, and local information centers significantly (p<.05) correlated with respondents’ adoption of multiple improved technologies. The respondents indicated a timely supply of information was difficult to obtain as a major constraint affecting their technology adoption. Our findings suggest that to enhance the adoption of agricultural technologies among small landholders, government agricultural interventions should be directed toward strengthening the various information sources available to farmers at both the district and community levels.

The issue of seafood sustainability has come to the fore as a critical concern within the domain of food systems. This issue is of pertinence to culinary professionals, who wield a significant influence on consumer habits and the composition of menus. However, there is a paucity of research that has examined how future chefs, as gastronomy students, perceive farmed versus wild fish in terms of health, ethics, and sustainability. The present study investigates the attitudes of gastronomy and culinary arts students (N=399) toward fish sourcing practices for the purpose of identifying perception structures and preference patterns. A structured questionnaire was administered, and the resulting data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. The EFA identified three primary components: sustainability and ethics, subjective knowledge, and students' involvement, with 71.5% of the total explained variance. The factors exhibited substantial internal consistency, as evidenced by Cronbach's alpha (>0.83), composite reliability (>0.88), and its average variance extracted (AVE) (>0.65). While students demonstrated a high level of concern for environmental practices and fish welfare, their subjective knowledge regarding the evaluation and purchase of fish remained limited. Paired comparison using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed statistically significant preferences for wild fish across multiple attributes, including healthiness, nutritional value, ethical production, availability, and safety (p <0.001), with effect sizes ranging from moderate to large (r = 0.254–0.534). These findings suggest the presence of a value–knowledge gap, wherein students are ethically engaged yet informationally underprepared to evaluate aquaculture products. These findings underscore the necessity for targeted educational innovations within culinary programs to enhance students' aquaculture literacy, critical evaluation skills, and sustainable sourcing competence. As future professionals who influence consumer preferences and industry practices, culinary students require a more balanced understanding of seafood systems.

In this study, the aim was to determine the effect of combination of marbofloxacin and ceftiofur on serum biochemical parameters in lambs with clinical respiratory system infection. The study included 10 Merino lambs showing symptoms of respiratory system infection in a commercial farm. Blood samples were taken from the animals before drug administration (hour 0) and 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after the first simultaneous combined drug administration (marbofloxacin 2 mg/kg, IM, once a day + ceftiofur 1 mg/kg, IM, once a day; 5 days). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels were measured in the autoanalyzer from the serum obtained from the samples taken, and the clinical symptoms of the animals were monitored daily. At the final sampling time (120 hours), AST, ALT, and BUN levels were found to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to those at the initial sampling time (hour 0). On the second day of treatment, clinical signs (runny nose, fever, cough, etc.) and feed consumption began to improve. The combined use of ceftiofur and marbofloxacin is highly effective in the treatment of severe respiratory system infection in lambs.

Moringa oleifera is widely cultivated in many parts of the world for its nutritional and medicinal benefits, gaining an important place in the global market as a powerful food supplement. Another product in demand in the global market is ketchup, consumed with pleasure by all age groups. Various synthetic preservatives such as antioxidants and antimicrobials are added to ensure that ketchup can stay on the shelves for a long time and reach the consumer without spoiling. However, due to the potential harmful effects of synthetic preservatives, there is a growing tendency to use natural alternatives. In this study, the Moringa plant, considered a pharmaceutical plant, were used as natural preservatives in the production of ketchup in four different forms: powder, extract, and their starch-encapsulated counterparts. Phenolic content and radical scavenging activity were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the powders in ketchup production. Encapsulated Moringa extract powder exhibited the highest phenolic content (53.74 mg GAE g⁻¹ powder) and antioxidant activity (72.49% ABTS). Some physicochemical and color properties of ketchup samples were examined and the results were found to be compatible with the values reported for ketchups in the literature. In addition, microbiological analysis of Moringa-enriched ketchup samples revealed that Moringa significantly inhibited the growth of total yeast and mold compared to the control. In conclusion, the use of encapsulated Moringa extract as a natural preservative in ketchup highlights the product as a functional food. This finding was further supported by sensory analysis, which revealed that ketchup enriched with encapsulated Moringa extract was the most preferred sample.

Bee bread has recently gained a lot of attention as a nutritional supplement among bee products due to its functional properties. However, the bioactive composition of bee bread varies depending on many different variables. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize the bioactive ingredients of 12 different bee bread samples originating from the same apiary but from different hives and to evaluate the differences between them. For this purpose, the samples of bee bread were analyzed for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. The analysis revealed that the bee bread samples contained total phenolics in the range of 8.4 ± 0.61 to 26.38 ± 1.83 mg GAE/g, whereas their total flavonoid levels ranged between 0.53 ± 0.04 and 6.90 ± 0.67 mg QE/g. In addition, antioxidant activity values were found to vary from 1.41 ± 0.07 to 7.01 ± 0.14 mg TE/g. According to the results, the bioactive potential of the bee bread samples supports the possible use of this product both as a functional food and in various industrial fields.

Metin Kentsel açık ve yeşil alanların çevreye, sosyal alana, ekonomiye ve sağlık alanlarına sağladığı faydalar kentsel yaşam kalitesinin yükseltilmesinde büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu alanlar tespit edilebildiği takdirde kentsel alanlarda yaşayan insanların konforlu bir yaşam sürmesi üzerine olan etkileri de incelenebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada OpenStreetMap verileri kullanılarak kentsel alanlardaki ulaşım ağlarının yeşillik seviyesi yeşil indeks kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu indeks ile yeşil alanlara yakın ve uzak olan ulaşım ağları hakkında bilgiler edinilebilmektedir. Hangi bölgede ne kadar yeşil alan olduğu, ulaşım ağlarının hangilerinin yeşil alanlara yakın olduğu hakkında bilgilere erişim sağlanabilmektedir. Aynı zamanda bu indeks yardımıyla insanların yaşadıkları bölgeden yeşil alanlara olan mesafelere göre yaşam alanlarının kalitesinin karşılaştırabilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Çalışmada yıllar içerisinde değişen yeşil alanların tespit edilmesi amacıyla arazi kullanım örtüsünün değişimi de incelenmiştir. Çevresel Sistemler Araştırma Enstitüsü (Environmental Systems Research Institute; ESRI) tarafından 2017 ve 2023 yılları için üretilen arazi kullanım haritaları incelendiğinde 2017 yılında yaklaşık 24,697.4 hektarlık yeşil bulunurken 2023 yılı için 25,590.3 hektar yeşil alan tespit edilmiştir. 2017 yılından 2023 yılına kadar arazi kullanım örtüsü değişim haritası incelendiğinde yeşil alanların arttığı gözlenmiştir. Ulaşım ağları için yeşillik indeksi haritası kentsel ulaşım planlarına entegre edilerek yeşil alanlara erişim konusunda eksiklik görülen alanlarda gereken düzenlemeler yapılabilir. Yeşil indeksin düşük olduğu özellikle merkez Onur, Yüzüncüyıl gibi mahallelerinde ulaşım ağlarına yakın bölgelerde yeni açık ve yeşil alanlar oluşturulmalıdır. Yeşil alanların artması ile insanların bu alanlara erişmesi kolaylaşacaktır ve insanların kentsel yaşam kalitesi daha da artırılabilir.

Bu çalışmada, Ordu iline ait şifalı yabancı otlardan Rubus canescens ve Ficaria verna’nın etanolik özütlerinin DNA hasarına karşı koruyucu potansiyeli ve HeLa (serviks adenokarsinomu) hücrelerindeki antikanser aktivitesi araştırılmıştır. Özütler, farklı konsantrasyonlarda hazırlanarak antikanser aktivitesi, HeLa hücre hattında 3-(4,5-dimetiltiyazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromid (MTT) testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Özütlerin hidroksil radikali ile indüklenen pBR322 plazmid DNA’sındaki hasarı engelleme potansiyeli de araştırılmıştır. Özütlerin HeLa hücreleri ile yapılan MTT analizleri neticesinde, farklı konsantrasyonlarla (6,125, 3,063, 1,531, 0,766, 0,383, 0,191, 0,096 mg/mL) yapılan uygulamalarda, hücre canlılığının doza bağlı olarak azaldığı gözlenmiştir. R. canescens ve F. verna özütlerinin 24 saatteki yaklaşık IC50 değerleri sırasıyla 2,23 ve 0,26 mg/mL, 48 saatteki yaklaşık IC50 değerleri ise sırasıyla 0,83 ve 0,17 mg/mL olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, hidroksil radikali ile indüklenen DNA hasarını önleme açısından özütlerin farklı (40, 20, 10 ve 5 mg/mL) konsantrasyonlarının güçlü koruyucu aktivite gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Bu bulgular, R. canescens ve F. verna etanolik özütlerinin plazmid DNA koruyucu etkileri ve kontrollü antiproliferatif aktiviteleri nedeniyle DNA hasarına bağlı hastalıkların önlenmesinde potansiyel ajan adayları olabileceğini göstermektedir. Ancak, bu etkinin doğrulanması için ileri hücresel ve in vivo çalışmalar gereklidir.

Türkiye, yüksek verim ve uygun coğrafi koşullara sahip olmasına rağmen soğan üretiminin çeşitli zorlukları bulunmaktadır. Bu zorlukları ortaya koymak amacıyla, araştırmada Amasya ili Merkez ilçesinde soğan üreticilerinin üretim tercihlerini etkileyen faktörler incelenmiştir.Üreticilerin, soğan üretim tercihlerini etkileyen faktörleri ortaya koymak amacıyla logistik regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular, araştırma alanında tarımsal üretimin genellikle deneyimli üreticiler tarafından gerçekleştirildiğini ve genç kadınların tarımda aktif olabileceğini göstermektedir. Soğan üreticilerinin üretim alanlarını azaltmalarına etki eden başlıca faktörler; aile iş gücü yetersizliği, yüksek girdi maliyetleri, düşük ürün fiyatları ve sulama sorunları olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu sorunların çözümü için genç ve kadın üreticilere yönelik teşviklerin artırılması, tarımsal mekanizasyon ve kooperatifleşmenin desteklenmesi, girdi maliyetlerinin düşürülmesi, sözleşmeli tarım ve alım garantisi sistemlerinin yaygınlaştırılması ile modern sulama teknolojilerinin kullanımının teşvik edilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anaplasmosis, a vector-borne haemoparasitic disease, poses a significant threat to animal health. This study investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of anaplasmosis in goats within the Chattogram district of Bangladesh. The research was conducted at the SA Quadery Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH), Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), involving observations of 202 goats. Blood samples were collected from the ear veins of 44 goats. Thin blood smears were prepared, stained with Giemsa, and examined under a microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests in SPSS Statistics version 26. The study found that goat rearing systems significantly influenced infection rates (P < 0.05). Anaplasmosis was more prevalent in goats displaying pale mucous membranes and symptoms such as fever or weakness (P < 0.05). To mitigate the disease, strategic control measures, including vector reduction and routine health monitoring, are recommended.

A hybrid camel Tülü (Bactrian male x Dromedary female F1) males are preferred in camel wrestling, which is a culture unique to Anatolia. In this study, changes of live weight (LW), daily weight gain (DWG), and body measurements (BMs) of Tülü calves in the first 6 months of age in a farm in Aydın province, Türkiye, were determined as well as developing equations to estimate LW from body measurements. Tülü calves average birth weight (BW) was 34.7±1.80 kg and reached 175.3±3.38 kg at the age of 6 months with a 0.768±0.03 kg DWG during this time. Although the monthly total weight gains and monthly DWG averages of the calves in the first 6 months were similar, the changes in monthly LW and BMs were statistically significant (P<0.01). Abdominal girth (AG) alone can be used to predict LW in the analysis performed to estimate LW from body measurements by stepwise regression (R²=95.62%). In conclusion, Tülü calves had relatively high growth rate in their first six months of age, and unlike other livestock species, instead of hearth girth (HG), AG that includes the hump can be used to estimate LW of Tülü calves.