Promoting rooftop farming using suitable grow bag media is of utmost importance in densely populated cities like Lalitpur to sustain the human race. To assess the productivity and other economic characteristics of bell peppers, an experiment was conducted from Feb 2022 to Jun 2022 in different grow bag media on the premises of Vegetable Crop Development Centre, Khumaltar, Lalitpur. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with four replications and five treatments with growing media: Coco peat: vermicompost (1:1), Soil: sand: FYM (Farmyard Manure) (1:1:1), Soil: Sand: FYM: Vermicompost (1.25:0.75:0.5:0.5), Soil: vermicompost (1:1), and Soil: ash: FYM (1:0.5:1) on the cultivar California Wonder. Growth parameters like plant height (47.865 cm), number of leaves (50.6), number of branches/plant (9.5), and stem diameter, and yield parameters like total fruit weight (1693.93 gm), average fruit weight (84.68 gm), number of fruits (42.75), fruit diameter (6.37 cm), and fruit length (7.22 cm) were observed during the experiment. The media consisting of T3 (Soil: Sand: FYM: Vermicompost (1.25:0.75:0.5:0.5)) proved to be statistically superior over the rest of the combinations for almost all aspects under investigation, whereas comparatively poor performance was observed in Coco peat: vermicompost (1:1) media. This study suggests that the grow bag media of Soil: Sand: FYM: vermicompost (1.25:0.75:0.5:0.5) gave the highest gross return and net return, with the highest B: C ratio (2.08) observed in the grow bag media of Soil: Sand: FYM (1:1:1).

Soil pH, governed by the relative concentrations of hydrogen () and hydroxyl () ions, is a key factor affecting the chemical, physical, and biological properties of soils. Most soils in Türkiye are alkaline due to calcareous parent material and climatic influences, which restricts the availability of essential nutrients to plants. Sulphur applications are widely employed to reduce soil pH and increase nutrient bioavailability. The use of Sulphur for the amelioration of alkaline soils will continue to be a crucial strategy for enhancing agricultural sustainability in the future. This study investigates the effects of different Sulphur sources on the pH of sandy and clay-loam texture soils. This study investigates the effects of different Sulphur sources on the pH of sandy and clay loam textured soils. The soil samples used in the research were taken from Pınarbaşı and Melikgazi districts of Kayseri province, and soil samples were taken from both regions from a depth of 30 cm and from 20 randomly determined different points. Sulphur applications were applied at rates of (0, 0.02, 0.04 g 100 g-1) (X: powdered Sulphur ) and (0, 0.044, 0.088 g 100 g-1) (Y: granular Sulphur ) based on weight for clay-loam and sandy textured soils, respectively. Samples taken on days 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 180, and 360 post-applications showed that the impact of Sulphur applications on soil pH change was significant across all treatments (p<0.01). The lowest pH measurement, 6.92, was observed in sandy textured soils with an application from granular Sulphur at 0.088 g 100 g-1. The pH change in clay-loam textured soils was found to range from 8.13 to 7.79, and in sandy textured soils from 7.69 to 6.92. These changes suggest that the acidifying effect of Sulphur oxidation on soil pH varies depending on the soil’s buffering capacity, particle size ratio, application rate, and incubation day. Consequently, the granular Sulphur was found to be more effective compared to the control and powdered Sulphur , and an application rate of 0.088 g 100 g-1 might be effective for both clay-loam and sandy soils. However, due to its lack of economic feasibility, 0.044 g dose or the doses from powdered Sulphur might be more appropriate.

The most important factor in both plant development and productivity, which mostly depends on nutrient availability in the soil and environment, is the constituents of soil nutrients. Soil is always losing its nutrients by leaching, surface runoff as well as through harvesting and cultural operations like: pruning. For maintaining the balance of agricultural ecosystem fertilizer application is necessary to improve soil condition and gain better yield. In case of tea industry for maintaining better and uniform production applying fertilizer is a widespread management technique in worldwide. Tea requires a lot of macro and micronutrients for growth because it cannot be grown without the usage of fertilizer and other nutrient supplies. The purpose of this field survey was to ascertain the nutritional condition of tea leaves as well as the signs of nutrient deficiencies in tea plants. In this study, deficiency symptoms of the essential nutrients were found out at different tea estates of Moulvibazar and Sylhet districts as well as photographs were taken. Photographs of the nutrient deficient tea plants were correlated with the established symptoms. The range of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc content in the collected tea leaf samples were 2.95- 5.18%, 0.28- 0.49%, 0.56-1.88%, 0.12-0.49%, 0.07-0.08% and 0.002- 0.004%, respectively.

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of Muscari armeniacum, a plant native to Türkiye, which is known for its bioactive compound content. Ethanol extracts of Muscari armeniacum were prepared and analyzed using a variety of bioanalytical methods to assess its potential health-promoting properties. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated through Fe³⁺-Fe²⁺ reduction capacity, CUPRAC, DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Additionally, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined, as these compounds are critical indicators of antioxidant potential. The antioxidant activity of Muscari armeniacum was compared with five standard antioxidants commonly used for benchmarking: BHA, α-tocopherol, BHT, trolox, and ascorbic acid. The extract demonstrated a high flavonoid content (23.24 µg QE/mg extract) and a significant amount of phenolics (14.38 µg GAE/mg extract), with the flavonoid content being particularly noteworthy. In addition to its antioxidant properties, the enzymatic activity assays revealed that the extract significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes, which are associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. The IC₅₀ values were determined to be 54.14 mg/mL (R² = 0.9695) for AChE and 58.73 mg/mL (R² = 0.9609) for BChE, indicating moderate enzyme inhibition. These results suggest that Muscari armeniacum could serve as a valuable source of bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. Its potential applications in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases and neurodegenerative disorders make it a promising candidate for further pharmacological studies. This research underscores the importance of exploring native plants for their medicinal and therapeutic potential, contributing to the development of alternative treatments for challenging health conditions.

In this study, the fruits of Pyracantha coccinea, known for their ornamental and medicinal properties, were analysed to evaluate their antioxidant capacity, mineral content, and heavy metal concentrations. The antioxidant potential of Pyracantha coccinea was determined using DPPH, CUPRAC, and ABTS tests. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), and Gerthard Dumatherm techniques were used to determine the mineral and nutrient composition of the plant. As a result of the evaluation, calcium (0.25±0.02%), protein (4.29±0.47%), potassium (0.39±0.01%), magnesium (0.197±0.01%), sodium (0.08±0.01%), iron (0.012µg/g DW), aluminium (138±9.6 µg/g DW), cobalt (0.541±0.11 µg/g DW), chromium (0.422±0.05 µg/g DW), manganese (20±1.7 µg/g DW), zinc (43.9±4.6 µg/g DW), % DPPH (76.92±0.48) % ABTS value (77.52±0.39) and CUPRAC values (0.771±0.045 for 100ppm) were determined. In particular, the high levels of chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) in the fruits exceed the thresholds considered safe for medicinal applications and suggest that the heavy metal content in plants for medicinal use should be critically evaluated within acceptable limits. This study aims to explore the nutritional value and safety of Pyracantha coccinea by examining its antioxidant properties, mineral content, and potential heavy metal contamination. The findings will help shed light on its potential benefits and risks, offering valuable insight for its use in health, nutrition, and environmental applications.

Bu çalışmanın amacı sulamalı buğday üretiminde, üretim girdilerinden kaynaklanan toplam sera gazı (GHG) emisyonlarının azaltılması da dahil olmak üzere, sulama yönetimi yoluyla buğday üretiminde enerji verimliliğini artırma ve çevresel etkiyi azaltma potansiyelini değerlendirmektir. Bu kapsamda gerekli olan üretim girdileri ve ürün verimine ilişkin veriler, 2018-2020 döneminde, Konya’da buğdayda tamamlayıcı sulama üzerine yürütülen tarla denemesinden elde edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda beş farklı sulama rejimi dikkate alınmış olup, bunlar: TTS, buğdayın üç kritik gelişme döneminde, 0-90 cm toprak katmanında eksilen nem miktarı kadar sulama; KTS-1, buğdayın üç kritik gelişme döneminde 90’ar mm su ile sulama; KTS-2, buğdayın üç kritik gelişme döneminde 70’er mm su ile sulama; KTS-3, buğdayın üç kritik gelişme döneminde 50’şer mm su ile sulama ve Y, yağışa dayalı konudur. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, en yüksek dane verimi (7918 kg ha- 1) ve enerji çıktısı (285857 MJ ha-1) TTS uygulamasında elde edilirken, en iyi enerji üretkenliği (0,935 kg MJ-1) ile enerji verimliliği oranı (12,46) ve en düşük çevre kirliliği (2272 kgCO2 eşd ha-1) KTS-3 rejimi altında gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışma kapsamındaki enerji verimliliği ve çevresel kirlilik analizi önemli bulgulara yol açmıştır. Konya gibi tarım arazisi çok, su kaynakları kısıtlı olan bölgelerde, birim alandan (1 ha) yüksek verimin elde edildiği tam sulama (TTS) yerine, aynı ürün miktarının KTS-2 altında 1,04 ha ve KTS-3 rejimi altında ise 1,09 ha’dan üretilebileceği görülmüştür. Bu yolla, ürün miktarında bir azalış olmadan, sulama suyunda %32,4 ile %49 arasında bir tasarruf sağlanırken, sera gazı emisyonu ise %10,3 ile %15,6 arasında azaltılabilecektir.

Çalışmada, Japon bıldırcınlarının (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) yemlerine farklı oranlarda kekik yağı ilavesinin yumurta kalite parametreleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma, 6 haftalık yaşta 72 dişi Japon bıldırcını üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir ve bıldırcınlar kontrol, düşük kekik yağı (150 mg/kg) ve yüksek kekik yağı (300 mg/kg) gruplarına ayrılmıştır. Rasyona farklı oranlarda kekik yağı eklenmesinin bazı yumurta dış ve iç kalite parametreleri üzerine etkileri istatiksel olarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) sonucundayumurta kabuk oranı, şekil indeksi ve sarı rengi gibi parametrelerin gruplar arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir (P<0,05). Çalışmada elde edilen veriler, ANOVA sonrasında, Diskriminant analizi ile de incelenmiş ve grupların yumurta kalite parametreleri bakımından gruplanmaları belirlenmiştir. Diskriminant analizi sonucunda iki fonksiyon tanımlanmıştır. İlk fonksiyonda, düşük kekik grubunun diğer gruplardan belirgin bir şekilde ayrıldığı; özellikle kabuk ağırlığı ve pH bakımından farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir. İkinci fonksiyonda ise kontrol ve yüksek kekik grupları arasında önemli ayrım tespit edilmiştir. Her iki fonksiyonda da ANOVA sonuçlarına benzer şekilde yumurta sarı rengi bakımından gruplar arasında farklılık gözlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, kekik yağının 150 mg/kg dozunda yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanılmasının yumurta kalitesini olumlu yönde etkileyebileceğini, ancak bıldırcın rasyonuna 300 mg/kg kekik yağı ilavesinin olumsuz sonuçlar doğurabileceğini göstermektedir.

A hybrid camel Tülü (Bactrian male x Dromedary female F1) males are preferred in camel wrestling, which is a culture unique to Anatolia. In this study, changes of live weight (LW), daily weight gain (DWG), and body measurements (BMs) of Tülü calves in the first 6 months of age in a farm in Aydın province, Türkiye, were determined as well as developing equations to estimate LW from body measurements. Tülü calves average birth weight (BW) was 34.7±1.80 kg and reached 175.3±3.38 kg at the age of 6 months with a 0.768±0.03 kg DWG during this time. Although the monthly total weight gains and monthly DWG averages of the calves in the first 6 months were similar, the changes in monthly LW and BMs were statistically significant (P<0.01). Abdominal girth (AG) alone can be used to predict LW in the analysis performed to estimate LW from body measurements by stepwise regression (R²=95.62%). In conclusion, Tülü calves had relatively high growth rate in their first six months of age, and unlike other livestock species, instead of hearth girth (HG), AG that includes the hump can be used to estimate LW of Tülü calves.

Arıcılık kendine has özellikleri ile kırsal nüfus için iyi bir alternatif iş ve gelir kaynağıdır. Türkiye ekolojik olarak arıcılığa çok uygun bir doğaya sahip olmasına rağmen maalesef potansiyelinin çok azını kullanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, ekolojik yapısı bakımından arı yetiştiriciliğine uygun alanların fazlalığı, zengin bitki çeşitliğine sahip olması nedeni ile önemli bir konuma sahip olan Erzincan İli Kemaliye ilçesindeki arıcılık faaliyetlerinin mevcut durumunu değerlendirmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu kapsamda 2023 yılında Erzincan ili Kemaliye ilçesinde faaliyet gösteren 87 arı yetiştiricisi ile tam sayım yapılarak çalışmanın birincil verileri toplanmıştır. Anket çalışmasında 26 soru ile arıcıların demografik özelliklerinin yanı sıra, arıcılığın ekonomik analizi, arıcılık dışı faaliyetleri, üretilen arı ürünleri, bal verimleri, koloni sayıları, ana arı değişimi ile üretimi, hastalık ile zararlılarla mücadeleleri, gezginci arıcılık durumları, besleme şekil ile zamanları, koloni kayıpları, arıcılıkta karşılaştıkları önemli sorunları, pazarlama ve satış faaliyetleri gibi konular hakkında ayrıntılı veriler elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Erzincan ili Kemaliye ilçesinde 1 kg bal maliyeti sabit arıcılarda 141,89 TL, göçer arıcılarda ise 107,20 TL olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kovan başına toplam maliyet sabit arıcılarda 1409,75 TL, göçer arıcılarda ise 1007,83 TL olduğu tespit edilmiştir.