Crucial point of fishery management is to let the fish or other species reproduce at least once during their life. Therefore it is very important to determine the length at maturity (Lm) for given species before the first capture. Focus of this study is to determine the consistency between scientific results and minimum landing size (MLS) regulations in the marine fishery of Turkey. For this purpose, 4/1 communique on commercial fishery (2016/35) published by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry was investigated in order to expose the MLS of given species in Turkey. Literature survey on Lm was also conducted preferably on studies which were performed in Turkish waters or from the Mediterranean basin in order to avoid regional differences. While 86 marine species were reported to be landed in the official fishery statistics, only 49 of them were appointed with a MLS in the commercial fisheries regulation. It was determined that MLS of 27 species were below the Lm according to the selected literature, 7 of them require result on Lm, status of the 2 species couldn’t be decided due to different length types and 13 (27% of the decisions on MLS) of them were found to be in accordance with the scientific literature on Lm. This study shows that MLS regulation must be revised for most of the species in the surrounding waters of Turkey and comprehensive maturity studies are urgently needed in order to fulfill the scientific gap.

Ülkemiz coğrafi konumu ve iklim özellikleri bakımından zengin bir bitki örtüsüne sahiptir. Arılar ise biyolojik çeşitliliğin devamında çok önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu nedenle, hem biyoçeşitliğin devamı hem de arıların kaliteli bir üretim gerçekleştirebilmeleri için çeşitli bitkisel ürünler ile ilgili araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Arı otu (Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham.) yetiştirildiği bölgeye bağlı olarak, arıların nektar üretimine yapmış olduğu katkı, süs bitkisi olarak kullanımı, hayvansal üretimde alternatif yem kaynağı olarak değerlendirilmesi ve örtü bitkisi olarak kullanımı ile toprak-su erozyonunu önlemesi gibi pek çok alandan değerlendirilen kıymetli bir bitkidir. Bu çalışmada, arı otunun genel özellikleri, önemi ve ülkemizde arı otu bitkisine dair yapılmış olan bazı çalışmalar bir araya getirilerek, derlenmiştir.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and mineral bioavailability of T. tetraptera fruit pulp, an aromatic wild edible plant, using standard methods. The pulp were extracted from mature dried fruits obtained from plants at Awabo (5°30’14.2”N and 4°01’30.6”W) and Loviguié villages (5°48’24.5’’N and 4°20’15.8”W), all in south-eastern Côte d’Ivoire. The results of chemical analysis revealed that T. tetraptera fruit pulp contains carbohydrates (63.73±0.51%), crude protein (7.01±0.66%), crude fat (1.18±0.01%), ash (5.38±0.18%), fibre (11.78±0.02%), moisture (40.52±0.18%) and an energy value of 254.74±0.15 kcal/100g. Besides, the results showed a relative high amount of vitamin A (2.11±0.02%) and vitamin B9 (261.78±0.01 µg/100g) while vitamin E, B1 and B2 in trace concentration. Otherwise, the phytochemical analysis (mg/100g) based on dry weight revealed an appreciable amount of total phenol (2407.10±8.36), flavonoids (14.29±0.56), tannins (55.11±0.44), catechin (392.93±1.01) and also carotenoids (108.19±7.42 µg/100g). Organic acids profile (mg/100mL) showed citric acid (175.06±0.02) and salicylic acid (109.85±0.01) as major organic acids. Mineral composition (mg/100g) on dry weight basis revealed that potassium (1303.67±0.58) is the most abundant followed by phosphorus (303.33±5.77), calcium (187.33±0.58) and magnesium (141.33±0.57). Furthermore, the Phytates:Zn, Phytates:Ca, Oxalates:Ca and Phytates*Ca:Zn molar ratios recorded were all below than recommended threshold values, implying a bioavailability of zinc and calcium. These data indicate that the pulp of this fruit could be a good source of ingredient for both medicine and food industries in production.

Bu çalışmada 8. hafta canlı ağırlık tartımlarına göre sınıflandırılarak büyütülen kazların 16. hafta kesim yaşında performans özellikleri ile göğüs ve but etinde renk ve pH değerlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya günlük 478 adet palaz ile (dişi-erkek karışık) başlanmıştır. 8. Haftada canlı ağırlığa göre sınıflandırma (hafif, orta ağır, ağır) yapıldıktan sonra 270 adet kaz (dişi-erkek karışık) ile çalışmaya devam edilmiştir. 10. ve 16. haftalarda, ağır grupta canlı ağırlığın daha yüksek olduğu ve hafif grupta ise canlı ağırlık artışının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yemden yararlanma oranı da hafif ve orta ağır grupta daha düşük bulunmuştur. Ayak ve but ağırlığı ile göğüs pH değeri ağır grupta, abdominal yağ ağırlığı ve oranı orta ağır grupta, baş oranı hafif grupta daha yüksek tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, sınıflandırmalı büyütmenin hafif grupta canlı ağırlık artışı üzerine etkisi olumludur. Kaz yetiştiriciliğinde hedef kesim canlı ağırlıklarına üniform olarak ulaşmak için bu yöntemden faydalanılabilir.

Bu çalışma, azotlu gübre miktarı ve uygulama formunun ekmeklik buğdayın tane verimi ve kalitesi üzerine etkisinin araştırmak amacıyla Eskişehir Geçit Kuşağı Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde kuru (yağmura bağımlı) ve sulu koşullarda iki üretim sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Kuru koşullarda 7 adet ve sulu koşullarda 8 adet ekmeklik buğday çeşidi materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Üre, başaklanma döneminde, granül ve yapraktan uygulama şeklinde verilmiştir. Her uygulamada çeşitlerin tane verimi, bazı teknolojik kalite özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Her iki denemede yapraktan üre uygulaması ile SDS sedimantasyon değeri, protein oranı, gluten agregasyon enerji değeri (AGGEN) ve maksimum tork (BEM) değerlerinde artış olurken; peak maksimum zaman (PMT) değerinde azalma olmuştur. Kuru ve sulu şartlarda çeşitler arasında SDS sedimantasyon değerleri açısından istatistiki olarak önemli farklılar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada; sulu ve kuru şartlarda yapraktan üre uygulaması ile granüle göre genotiplerden yüksek ekmeklik kalite ile ilişkili olarak Glu-A1 lokusunda 2* alt ünitesi taşıyanların tane veriminde %9,0, protein oranında %6,5, sedimantasyon değerinde %17,0 ve BEM değerinde %3,8; Glu-D1 lokusunda 5+10 alt ünitesi taşıyanların tane verimde %8, protein oranında %5,6, sedimantasyon değerinde %16,0, BEM değerinde %6,4; Glu-B1 lokusunda 7+9 alt ünitesi taşıyanların tane veriminde %7,0, protein oranında %6,0, sedimantasyon değerinde %19,6 ve BEM değerinde %7,2 artış olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, ekmeklik buğdayın tane verimi ve teknolojik kalite özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesinde başaklanma döneminde yapraktan üre uygulamasının oldukça olumlu sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür.

This study aims to fully controlled production of european catfish (Silurus glanis) and to increase fertilization and survival rates using different solutions and methods, enrichment of natural stocks with the obtained larvae and to provide participation as a new species in addition to species cultivated in Turkey. The study was carried out in Gürle Trout Farm in Manisa province. Eggs and sperm, that had been obtained from the broodstock, exposed to various fertilization methods and the fertilized eggs were put in the zuger jars and made triplicate trials. As a result, in this study, under the light of the findings obtained from different fish that was captured in different times and from two different regions; eggs that were treated with the urea-salt solution fertilization, eying and survival rates were higher than only salt solution application. Urea-salt solution for 10 minutes and the salt solution for 10 minutes were more successful. In addition, the time problem of working with living materials has become one of the biggest obstacles to this work. It is imperative that the reproductive cycle occurs once a year and in case of failure, it is needed to wait for the next cycle. In this context, it was not possible to tolerate the problems experienced in egg-taking, fertilization and survival activities in the last attempt. Therefore, the project had to be terminated here.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of solid-state fermentation (SSF) on main nutritional components, some minerals, condensed tannin and phenolic compounds of olive leaves. Two groups were formed as a fermented (FOL, Aspergillus niger ATCC 52172) and non-fermented olive leaves (OL). Suitable environmental conditions (humidity, temperature and pH) before SSF were established and fermentation lasted on day 8. After fermentation, while the crude fiber, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) content of FOL compared to OL were decreased, its the crude protein, ether extract, ash and condensed tannin contents were increased. Some macro minerals (Ca, N, K, P, Mg) and micro minerals components (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B) of FOL and OL were varied. Although oleuropein content of FOL was decreased, it’s catechin and hydroxytyrosol contents were increased by SSF. These results showed that A. niger ATCC 52172 strain could be suitable inoculant to improve the nutritional content of olive leaves.

The aim of this study was to compare estimation methods: least squares method (LS), ridge regression (RR), Principal component regression (PCR) to estimate the parameters of multiple regression model in situations when the underlying assumptions of least squares estimation are untenable because of multicollinearity. For this aim, the effect of some body measurements on body weights (height at withers and rumps, body length, chest width, chest girth and chest depth, front, middle and hind rump width) obtained from totally 85 Karayaka lambs at weaning period raised at Research Farm of Ondokuz Mayis University was examined. Mean square error, R2 value and significance of parameters were used to evaluate estimator performance. The multicollinearity, between front and middle rump width which were used to estimate live weight, was eliminated by using RR and PCR. Although research findings showed that RR method had the smallest MSE and the highest R2 value, the estimates of PCR were determined to be more consistent when the importance tests of parameters were taken into account. The results showed that principal component regression approach should be used to estimate the live weight of Karayaka lambs at weaning period.

Sweet sorghum is an important crop which is produced for food, energy and feed (Almodares and Hadi, 2009). The crop prefers warm moist soil for germination and emergence. However, it would be more beneficial if it can be grown in different seasons. A field experiment was carried to evaluate sixteen sweet sorghum genotypes [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] under winter conditions in order to assess the possibility of producing the crop throughout the year since the crop consumes less water and has a short life cycle when compared with sugarcane. The genotypes we recollected from different areas of Sudan. The experiment was planted using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. There were significant differences among genotypes with respect to the number of days to germination, plant height, number of leaves per plant, chlorophyll content, stem diameter, head weight, shoot fresh weight, head to shoot ratio, brix value, juice weight and number of days to maturity. A highly positive correlation (0.92) was observed between juice and shoot weight, and there was a negative correlation (-0.14) between brix value and head weight. The genotypes showed high variability in all mentioned parameters, hence, could be useful genetic resources for breeding winter adaptation.

Grazing activities of indigenous sheep breed of the Turkish breed Karakaş and Koçeri which were transhumance flocks were investigated in a typical unimproved mountainous pasture in the East of Turkey. Data were collected from two different flocks on main daily activities (grazing, resting, moving or standing) every fifteen minutes. The characteristics of the pastures around the routes were assessed according to CORINE Land Cover classification system. Standing was a residual activity in both study paths. The animals concentrated their activity mostly on grazing while resting and moving occurred in specific times during the whole grazing period. Once the animals were heading back to their main settlement areas to be milked, grazing activity have been increased. Further studies on grazing behavior and changes in land cover will help to adjust the management strategies to the available natural resources.