Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stress factors causing serious problems in agricultural areas in the world. In this study aimed to determine the salt stress tolerance of local bread wheat genotypes collected from some provinces of Turkey and provided from seed gene banks in our country in early growth stage. In the research, twenty five local bread wheat genotypes and four registered bread wheat cultivars as standard were used as material. Genotypes were subjected to salt stress germination percentage, radicle length, coleoptile length, shoot length, germination index, root fresh and dry weight, were measured. Germination percentage was decreased significantly by 39.1 % in salt application compared to the control. According to the germination percentages, TR 53869, Kate A1 and Pehlivan genotypes were found to be tolerant to salt stress in early growth stage TGB 000543 and TR 63579 were sensitive. Considering all traits investigated, genotype TR 53869 can be considered as a genotype tolerant to salt stress in early growth stage. It is predicted that this genotype can be used in breeding studies for the areas where salt stress is a problem in wheat.

The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting mastitis cases and to estimate the correlations of somatic cell count (SCC) with milk yield in Holstein cows. The study was conducted in two private dairy farms in Hódmezõvásárhely, South-Hungary. A total of 882 Holstein cows were tested by SCC, fat and protein contents of milk monthly intervals. To test milk SCC and components, two groups were designed, and to examine effect of parity on first mastitis day (FMD) and total mastitis cases (TMC), four groups were divided. It was noted that higher SCC caused to higher TMC. While cows had higher protein content exposed to higher FMD and TMC, cows had lower daily milk yield (DMY) had higher values by mastitis case parameters. In parity evaluation, only primiparous cows had statistically lower TMC. The cows with lower SCC were found in advance in change of milk yield (CMY) up to 6.858±0.947 kg. A negative correlation coefficient was estimated between SCC and DMY. Finally, monitoring SCC of milk is offered to prevent milk production losses and new mastitis occurrences in the herds.

In order to gain competitive advantage in national and international markets through globalization, make the competition sustainable, produce products with advanced technologies and innovative activities and make a flexible production in line with changing demand make firms and / or sectors advantageous in global competition. This study aimed at analyzing a competitive analysis of fruit sector through the Diamond Model developed by Michael Eugene Porter in order to demonstrate national and sectoral competitiveness. For this purpose, the current situation of fruit sector, which is an important economic activity in Isparta, was put forward and analyzed its competition level was discussed. The necessary data for the Diamond Model were gathered through face-to-face surveys with 47 large fruit producers and in-depth interviews with the representatives of other related sectors. Although the fruit sector and related sectors have been located close to natural resources and inputs in the neighbourhood in Isparta, an ordinary agglomeration has emerged but it could not be clustered because collaboration culture has not been developed in the sector and intersectoral. This fact decreases the regional competition chance of the sector. However, existence of an easy and continuously communication among all actors in the sector, state supports to sectoral cooperation / organizations, and actors who are compulsory for benefiting these supports in the region should be considered important advantages for a clustering and increasing regional competitiveness power of fruit sector.

The maximum length, weight, and age information of organisms in an ecosystem, moreover, the first records of migrated exotic species are essential in terms of the basis for the studies on population dynamics, stock assessment, and biological activities. Therefore, the recording of such data may be necessary for scientific databases and new related studies. The Blackspot seabream (Red seabream - Pagellus bogaraveo), which belongs to the Sparidae family, is an important seafood which is marketed fresh and frozen around the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas. Nowadays, this species has high prices depending on market demands in domestic markets as a result of overfishing and is also cultured in northern Spain. It is classified as “Near Threatened Species” in the red list due to its decreasing population trend by the IUCN. A single specimen of the Blackspot seabream with 30.7 cm in total length and 390.00 g in total weight, which was angled in the Saros Bay with a handline by a fisherman on February 08, 2019, was obtained from a fishmonger in Çanakkale. Even though there are bigger individuals in the North-east Atlantic probably depending on polar and/or deep-sea gigantism, the mentioned measurement is the proven maximum total length of this species for the Aegean Sea up to the time.

Biochar as agricultural soil amendment to improve soil physico-chemical properties, crop productivity and sustainable soil fertility management is a well-known practice. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of biochar on growth and yield components of carrot and selected soil physic-chemical properties. The study was carried by employing a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of four level of biochar (0, 4, 8 and 12 tons ha-1) and four level of Nitrogen/Phosphorus (N/P) fertilizer rate (0/0, 60/10, 90/15 and 120/20 kg ha-1) with four replications. Biochar significantly influenced physico-chemical properties of soils, such as bulk density, total porosity, pH, EC, SOC, TN, Av. P and CEC respectively, as compared to control. The results revealed substantial responses to biochar and N/P fertilization on growth and yield components of carrot with increasing level of biochar and N/P fertilizer rate. None of the others yield parameters were significantly affected by the interaction of two factors. From the present study, it can be concluded that dung cake biochar should be applied to enhance and improve soil physical and chemical properties for favourable plant growth.

Main goals of the present study were (1) to initially investigate the nutrient contents and bioactive compounds in the bulb and cloves of garlic, and (2) to study the growth parameter after planting. Garlic bulbs were firstly separated into three categories as pickled, big and small, while the big garlic cloves were also classified into three categories as big, small and central. Secondly, the garlic samples were analyzed before planting for their element profile, proline, soluble protein, free amino acid, β-carotene, lycopene, total phenolic, soluble sugars, SOD and α-amylase activities. Finally, the growth parameters were measured using the cultivated cloves and the pickled bulbs. According to the result, the highest soluble protein, N, phenolic, lycopene and α amylase activity (97.06 mg, 2.58%, 971 mg, 0.368 mg and 38.13 EU, respectively) were recorded in the biggest cloves. The highest proline, amino acid, glucose content (93.84 µmol, 23.54 mg, 230.89 mg, respectively) and K, P, S, Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn (21940 ppm, 7577 ppm, 12200 ppm, 504 ppm, 38.1ppm, 377,7ppm and 44.5 ppm, respectively) were found in the pickled bulb. The maximum level of β-carotene (0.282 mg), Ca, Cl and Sr (11260ppm, 818.7ppm and 47.9 ppm) were determined in the small bulbs. Based on the growth parameters of seedlings, the highest value of shoot and root length (39.12 cm and 24.11 cm respectively), the fresh weight of shoot and root (5.29 g and 4.54 g respectively) and dry weight of shoot and root (1.70 g and 1.24 g respectively) were noted with the big cloves. The results of the current study have indicated that the pickled cloves have higher macro and micro nutrients, proline, amino acid and glucose, while the big cloves of garlic have higher proline, phenolic, N%, lycopene and amylase activity. It can be said that the big cloves showed good value for the five bioactive compounds, but the pickled exhibited good value for the macro and micro element and glucose.

In this study, performance characteristics such as power take off (PTO) power consumption, fuel consumption, fuel consumption for the unit field-unit product were determined at different working speeds with two different PTO applications (540 and 540E) in a single row disc type silage machine. In particular, the 540E PTO application greatly reduces fuel consumption for unit work. The best results in terms of hourly fuel consumption were achieved in 540E PTO application and V1 working speed. When the field - product fuel consumption is evaluated, the best results were obtained with the 540E PTO application at the V3 working speed. When an evaluation is made considering all the parameters, it is concluded that the 540E PTO application will provide certain advantages in terms of fuel consumption compared to the 540 PTO application for the silage machine operating by taking the motion from PTO. 540E PTO application can be used as an important alternative to 540 PTO application for machines of similar capacity and features.

In this study, optimum harvest times, cluster and berry characteristics of four grape cultivars (Hasandede, Öküzgözü, Boğazkere, and HorozKarası) grown in Mecitözü (Çorum) ecological conditions were determined. In two consecutive years (2017-2018) yield, clusters, berry properties, water-soluble solid content, pH, titratable acidity, maturity index properties were determined. Some biochemical changes in grape varieties were followed during the ripening periods in the second year. The highest yield in both years was obtained from the variety of Horoz Karası (1421.2 and 1504.8 kg/da), while the lowest yield was obtained from Öküzgözü (619.4 and 578.31 kg/da). During the harvest period, the total acidity and pH values must be changed according to years and varieties. The total soluble solids (TSS) and pH values increased with maturation, whereas the total acidity was found to decrease till the last observation date. During the harvest period, all varieties reached optimum harvest maturity in both years.

Both industrial and academic fields, 3-dimensional (3D) printing of food materials is one of the most interesting subjects. Taking attention with its errorless product handling, easy adaptation for personalized nutrition and sustainable properties, 3D printing of foods is also having a potential in the field of health and nutritious products. In this review, potential connection between meat products, personalized nutrition and 3D printing were mentioned briefly. After that, basic working principles of 3D printers and applicability for meat products were explained. Assessment of meat process waste, advantages and limitations, concept of printability and studies in this field were explained and discussed in details.