Nüfus artışı, hızlı ve plansız kentleşme ile birlikte kent içerisindeki yeşil alanlar başta olmak üzere diğer tüm doğal alanlar yapılaşma nedeniyle niteliğini kaybetmiş veya azalmıştır. Kentte yaşayan insanlar için bu alanların azalması ve niteliğinin ortadan kalkması rekreatif ihtiyaçların karşılanamamasına neden olmuştur. Bu durum kent içinde veya yakın alanlarındaki tabiat parklarının, mesire alanlarının ve ormanlık alanlarının daha kıymetli hale gelmesine imkan tanımıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacını, Adıyaman ili, Gölbaşı ilçesi sınırları içinde kalan Gölbaşı Gölleri Tabiat Parkı’nın Gülez yöntemine göre rekreasyonel potansiyelinin belirlenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Gülez yönteminde, rekreasyonel alanın peyzaj değeri, iklim değeri, ulaşılabilirlik durumu, rekreatif kolaylık ve olumsuz etkenlerin puanlandırılmasıyla rekreasyon potansiyeli hesaplanmaktadır. Bu hesaplamaya göre, Gölbaşı Gölleri Tabiat Parkı’nın rekreasyonel potansiyeli toplamda “67” puan alarak “yüksek” kategoride değerlendirilmiştir. Gölbaşı Gölleri Tabiat Parkı’nda gerçekleştirilen arazi çalışmaları sonucunda, yöntemde belirtilen bazı ögelerinin nitelik olarak eksik olduğu ve olumsuz etken ögelerinin oldukça fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Gölbaşı Gölleri Tabiat Parkı’nın rekreasyonel faaliyet potansiyeli tespit edilenden daha fazladır. Sahadaki olumsuz etkenlerin azaltılmasıyla alanın rekreasyonel faaliyet potansiyelinin “19” puan daha artırılabileceği, bu sayede Gölbaşı Gölleri Tabiat Parkı’nın toplam puanın “86” olarak potansiyelinin “çok yüksek” sınıfına ulaşabileceği öngörülmektedir.

Kivi (Actinidia spp.), küresel olarak önemli ekonomik değere sahip bir meyve ürünüdür. 2010'dan önce, kiviyi etkileyen virüslere sınırlı ilgi gösterilmekteydi. Ancak o zamandan beri, bu ürünü enfekte eden 20'den fazla virüs tanımlanmıştır. Bu virüsler, yapraklarda sararma, mozaik desenleri, nekroz ve halkalı lekeler gibi ciddi simptomlara neden olabilmekte ve meyve kalitesi ile verimini önemli ölçüde etkileyebilmektedirler. Bu virüslerin birçoğu yaygın bir dağılıma sahiptir. Bu derleme, kivi virüslerinin tanımlanması, genomik değişkenliği, dağılımı, taşınması, tespiti, yaygınlığı ve mücadelesi konusundaki son gelişmeleri vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, gelecekte kivi virüsleri ile ilgili mücadele programlarının oluşturulabilmesi için önerileri de kapsamaktadır.  Virüsten ari çoğaltma materyallerinin kullanımı, kivi virüsleri ile mücadele için en uygun maliyetli ve güvenilir strateji olmaya devam etmektedir.

The aim of this study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag@NPs) by green synthesis method using Cuminum cyminum (Cumin) plant extract. Green synthesis is preferred more than chemical and physical methods because it is a biological method in which nanoparticles are easily and rapidly obtained, as well as being environmentally friendly and cost-effective. The Ag@NPs obtained from the reaction were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Ag@NPs were found to have maximum absorbance in the range of 400-500 nm. Functional groups involved in the reduction of Ag@NPs were identified by FTIR analysis. The spherical appearance of Ag@NPs was determined by transmission electron microscopy. The antimicrobial effect of the synthesized AgNPs was tested on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The results show that Ag@NPs obtained from Cuminum cyminum (Cc) seeds have effective antimicrobial activity. The use of plant-derived materials is considered to be a promising strategy for the green synthesis of Ag@NPs and could be more widely used in the bio-medical field.

Excessive use of inorganic fertilizers degrades soil health by disrupting the microbiota, reducing organic matter, and leading to compaction, acidity, and nutrient imbalance. This study aimed at the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers as an environmentally friendly approach increasing soil organic matter and crop yields. From January to April 2022, a field experiment was carried out at the Crop Physiology & Ecology Department of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University in Dinajpur to assess the effects of integrated fertilization on onion (Allium cepa L.). Three replications employing a two-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) were performed to set up the experiment.  Factor A contained three onion varieties (V1: Taherpuri, V2: BARI Piaz 4, and V3: BARI Piaz 6) while Factor B comprised four fertilization treatments: T1 (RDF + Cowdung @ 5 t ha⁻¹), T2 (RDF + PLBC @ 5 t ha⁻¹), T3 (PLBC @ 15 t ha⁻¹), and T4 (Biochar @ 10 t ha⁻¹). Measurements were made concerning growth traits such as plant height, leaf number, SPAD value, bulb diameter, neck diameter, average bulb weight, and total yield. The findings showed that variety and fertilization provided a significant effect on growth performance, yield and yield traits. Taherpuri (V1), performed better than V2 and V3. The majority of growth and yield traits were most effectively performed by fertilization treatment T2 (RDF + PLBC), which was followed by T1, T3, and T4. Performance appeared lowest for the V3T4 interaction and got maximum for the V1T2 interaction. These results demonstrate that the combination of organic and synthetic fertilizers leads to sustainable onion production.

Bu çalışmada iki farklı ev yapımı domates ürününün (kuru domates ve domates sosu) iki farklı depolama sıcaklığında (4°C ve 25°C) muhafaza edilmesiyle oluşan kimyasal değişimler incelenmiştir. Depolamanın 0., 60. ve 120. günlerinde domates ürünlerinin bazı kimyasal analizleri yapılmıştır. Kimyasal analizlerin sonucunda kuru madde ve kül miktarlarının depolama ile azaldığı bulunmuştur. Suda çözünür kuru madde miktarı kuru domates örneklerinde azalırken, domates sosu örneklerinde artmıştır. Kuru domates örneklerinin pH değerleri artış, toplam asitlik değerleri azalış göstermiştir. Bunun aksine, domates sosu örneklerinin toplam asitliğinin depolama ile birlikte arttığı belirlenmiştir. Oda sıcaklığında depolanan kuru domateslerin haricinde tüm örneklerde hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF) miktarları depolama sonunda azalmıştır. Askorbikasit değerlerinin tüm örneklerde depolama ile birlikte önemli ölçüde azaldığı görülmüştür. Likopen miktarındaki azalma özellikle buzdolabı koşullarında muhafaza edilen domates sosları için önemli bulunmuştur. Tüm bulgular gözden geçirildiğinde depolama sıcaklığının kalite özellikleri üzerinde önemli bir parameter olduğu ve sıcaklık etkisinin ürün özelliklerine bağlı olarak farklılık gösterebileceği söylenebilmektedir.

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum) is recognized as a highly nutritious food source due to its high nutritional value and functional properties. Classified as a pseudocereal, buckwheat provides numerous health benefits owing to its high protein content, rich fiber composition, balanced essential amino acid profile, and abundance of polyphenolic compounds. As a gluten-free grain, it serves as a safe alternative for individuals with celiac disease and gluten intolerance, while its low glycemic index makes it beneficial for diabetes management. The bioactive compounds found in buckwheat, including flavonoids (rutin, quercetin), polyphenols, and fagopyritols, have been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. Regular consumption has been reported to reduce LDL cholesterol levels, increase HDL cholesterol levels, and lower the risk of hypertension. Additionally, buckwheat supports digestive health by regulating gut microbiota, thereby playing a protective role against inflammatory bowel diseases. With its extensive applications in the food industry, buckwheat is utilized in the production of bakery products, pasta, bread, biscuits, functional beverages, and fermented products, contributing to the development of antioxidant-rich beverages. However, due to its gluten-free nature, it can cause textural differences in baked goods, necessitating the use of stabilizers to improve product consistency and quality.

The bleeding process during slaughter significantly influences meat quality by affecting post-mortem biochemical and structural changes. In this study, the effects of three different bleeding durations (5, 10, and 15 min) during Halal cattle slaughter on the biochemical properties of expelled blood and selected physicochemical, structural, and textural characteristics of beef Longissimus dorsi thoracis muscle were evaluated. Blood loss increased significantly with prolonged bleeding times, with 15 min resulting in the highest bleeding efficiency (p<0.05). Biochemical analyses revealed that total protein and urea concentrations in blood decreased significantly with longer bleeding times, while glucose and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels increased at 10 min bleeding and declined at 15 min bleeding durations. In the beef samples, proximate composition, pH, water activity, and CIE lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), chroma and hue values showed no significant differences between the bleeding durations. However, meat hardness increased significantly (p<0.05) with longer bleeding times, which was supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations showing more compact and organized muscle fiber structures in samples subjected to 10 and 15 min bleeding in comparison to the 5-min group. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) further confirmed changes in proteins and nucleic acids associated with bleeding time. The results obtained from this study suggest that a 15-min bleeding duration improves bleeding efficiency and without compromising beef chemical and colour properties. This study highlights the importance of optimizing bleeding duration during Halal slaughter to enhance beef quality and shelf-life.

Plant feed additives containing bioactive compounds with potential positive effects on poultry health and productivity can be included in poultry diets. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with cherry laurel fruit (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) powder (CLF) on growth performance (body weight, BW; body weight gain, BWG; feed intake, FI; feed conversion rate, FCR), meat quality, and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens.  The study included 600 one-day-old mixed-sex Ross 308 broiler chickens, randomly allocated into four treatment groups, each with six replicates of 25 birds. The birds were subjected to treatments consisting of diets supplemented without CLF (control diet, CLF0) or with 2.5 (CLF2.5), 5 (CLF5), and 10 (CLF10) g CLF/kg until 42 days of age. The diets with CLF increased BWG and FI and improved FCR compared to the CLF0 (P<0.05). Carcass yield was higher in the CLF2.5 and CLF5 groups (P<0.05) than in the CLF0 group.  Compared to the others, the CLF5 and CLF10 treatments enhanced the water-holding capacity (WHC), and the CLF10 treatment increased the dry matter (DM) content of breast meat (P<0.05). In thigh meat, all CLF treatments increased WHC compared to the control, while CLF100 increased DM content compared to the CLF0 and CLF2.5 treatments (P<0.05). The LDL level was higher in the CLF0 than in the CLF50 group (P<0.05). Overall, dietary supplementation with CLF enhanced broiler chickens' performance and meat quality.

Grafting is an effective strategy for enhancing disease resistance and improving eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) yield under pathogen stress. This study examined the effects of grafting onto different rootstocks in a soilless culture system contaminated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae and Verticillium dahliae. A split-plot experimental design with three replicates was employed to assess disease severity, yield components, and marketable fruit production. Results indicated that grafting onto specific rootstocks significantly increased marketable yield and reduced disease severity. In Verticillium-infected plants, the KingKong F₁ exhibited the highest early yield (2.75 kg plant⁻¹) and marketable yield (5.01 kg plant⁻¹), whereas self-grafted plants had the lowest yield (3.51 kg plant⁻¹). In Fusarium-infected plants, the Hawk rootstock achieved the highest marketable yield (5.20 kg plant⁻¹), representing a 68.28% increase over non-grafted control plants. Disease severity was significantly lower in grafted plants, with Hawk and KingKong F₁ showed complete resistance to Verticillium wilt, while Hawk, KingKong F₁, Anafor F₁, and Hikyaku F₁ exhibited complete resistance to Fusarium wilt. These findings underscore the efficacy of grafting as a sustainable disease management strategy, enhancing eggplant productivity in pathogen-stressed cultivation systems.

The shape of lactation curve for Damascus was estimated by fitting a gamma function to daily milk yields from monthly recording of 434 records lactations. The purpose of this study was to examine the models of lactation curve of purebred dairy goats and make some suggestions concerning appropriate mathematical model. R2 values obtained from model ( 3 ) were all greater than those found from other models (Model 1;and 2). Hence model (3) was seen to be superior to other models.