An efficient seed marketing system is very crucial for boosting vegetable production in Bangladesh. This study evaluated the vegetable seed marketing channels in Bangladesh including profit margins of various traders and different problems faced by them. Primary data from 45 vegetable farmers and 30 seed traders in Rajshahi district were collected by face-to-face interview. Descriptive and profitability analysis were employed, while problem confrontation index (PCI) was used to rank the problems. The findings revealed that vegetable seeds were traded through six major marketing channels. Private agents supply the majority of seeds where dealers, wholesalers, retailers and farmers were the key actors in the channels. However, rural market traders had the highest marketing margin and terminal market traders had the lowest. BCR for terminal market traders was 1.53 that is highest among the traders’ categories where BCR for rural market traders was lowest (1.36). Lack of bank loan facilities, inadequate capital, lack of separate market place, and lack of technical know-how were the major ranked problems faced by traders. The study recommends providing credit facilities to the traders, arranging a separated market place and proper training to increase technical knowledge.

In recent years, intensive legal regulations aimed at the production of urban areas in Türkiye, the phenomenon of migration, the spread of higher education, abnormal cost increases in agricultural activities have accelerated urbanization. Parallel to the increase in the urban population, the food supply remains insufficient. The inability to increase the production of food products brings with it problems such as malnutrition, inflation, foreign trade deficit, food security. The natural areas harbored by rural and urban areas are shrinking and being destroyed by the pressure of rapid urbanization. In addition to the abandonment of rural areas, the food crisis that has arisen as a result of the intervention of the urbanization process in agricultural areas has increased the responsibility of the central government and municipalities. In order to meet the food needs of the population and implement sustainable agricultural policies, municipalities are taking different and innovative approaches. Municipalities are making direct and indirect attempts to provide people with cheap and reliable food. In this study, the activities carried out by the municipalities in Türkiye to support sustainable agriculture and their economic and social effects were examined.

This study aimed to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in chicken doner samples, both ready for consumption and sold in packages in a modified atmosphere, using classical culture technique and the MALDI-TOF method by determining the antibiotic resistance profile structure through the disc diffusion method by determining the serotypes of the isolates through mPCR. Between September and November 2019, 150 ready-to-eat chicken doner samples (75 of them ready to consume, the other 75 packed in a modified atmosphere) were analyzed. It was found that 23 of the 150 (15.3%) samples analyzed were contaminated with Salmonella spp. 73 isolates were obtained from 23 positive samples. Of these 73 isolates, 33 were found to be Salmonella spp. positive. In serotyping, all 33 isolates were determined to be S. infantis. In the antibiotic resistance profile, 30 of theisolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, 24 to gentamicin, 21 to ampicillin, 20 to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin, 18 to tetracycline and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and 13 to cefoxitin. As a result, the isolation of Salmonella spp. from the samples and their resistance to different antibiotics were evaluated as potential sources of problems in the context of foodborne infectious diseases.

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of adding different levels of red pepper oil to quail diets on performance, slaughtering characteristics, and some serum parameters. For this purpose, a total of 300-day-old and mixed-sex quail chicks were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups with 6 replications of 12 chicks each. Experimental animals were fed for 35 days with 5 different diets prepared by adding 0, 300, 600, 900 or 1200 mg/kg red pepper oil. During the experiment, quails were given ad-libitum feed and water. According to the results of the experiment, the effect of adding red pepper oil to the diet on the performance, carcass traits and visceral weights of the quails was statistically insignificant. Triglyceride and TAS concentrations of serum were significantly affected by the addition of red pepper oil to the diet. The highest triglyceride and TAS levels in the group with 300 mg/kg red pepper oil added; however, the lowest triglyceride and TAS levels were obtained in the groups supplemented with 600 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg red pepper oil, respectively. According to this study findings, it can be said that the addition of red pepper oil to the diet in growing quails has a positive effect on serum triglyceride and TAS values when used between 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg in the diet, without adverse effects on performance and carcass characteristics.

The purpose of this study was to determine the dietary effects of fruit pulps (dried tomato, apple and grape) on the performance and egg quality characteristics of laying hens. In this trial, 196 Lohmann sandy layers 25 weeks of age were distributed into four groups with seven replicates for 9 weeks. Trial groups fed following diets, control group basal diet (no additive), 4 % dried tomato pulp, 4% apple pulp and 2.5% grape pulp. Feed conversion rate was not affected by any addition of fruit pulps throughout the trial. The dietary inclusion of dried tomato pulp increased feed consumption, egg weight and egg production and decreased egg yolk malondialdehyde (MDA) levels on day of 1 compared to the control. Egg yolk MDA level was decreased with the addition of 4% tomato and apple pulp to the diet, but increased with the addition of 2.5% grape pulp to the diet on the day of 28. Moreover, the addition of dried tomato pulp to the basal diet significantly increased egg weight and egg yolk yellow color (a). As a result, this study provides evidence that adding up to 4% tomato pulp to diets may be used without adverse effects on laying hens’ productivity and may improve egg quality characteristics by decreasing MDA levels in the yolk.

The congenital disability, atresia ani or atresia ani et recti or recto-vaginal fistula, is one of the most common types of congenital malformation disability. A 45-day-old male cross-breed calf was admitted to Patuakhali Science and Technology University's Veterinary Teaching Hospital with complaints of leaking feces through the umbilicus and was clinically confirmed as a recto-umbilicus fistula. This congenital condition was corrected successfully by making an artificial opening in the lower right abdominal wall. Corrective surgery was the only successful technique for repairing the recto-umbilicus fistula. The prognosis for surgical correction of the recto-umbilicus fistula in a cross-breed calf was indicated to be good.

Today’s cities show an unplanned and rapid development in direct proportion to the development of technology. As a result of rapid and unplanned development, the natural silhouette of the cities has deteriorated and the proportion of reinforced concrete structures has increased day by day. For these reasons, putting green areas in the second plan causes some ecological problems for the city. The existence and sustainability of green areas are among the most important approaches that can reduce these problems. If we look at the concept of sustainability and its derivatives, the university campuses in the city give the appearance of a small city model and the green campus, sustainable campus, eco-campus, etc. that have emerged in recent years. Due to these concepts, in this study, “Selçuk University Alaeddin Keykubat Campus”, located within the provincial borders of Konya, was chosen as the study area. The aim of the study was to determine the shadow lengths created by the buildings in the “Selçuk University Alaeddin Keykubat Campus” on the green areas and the new building or open green areas, and according to the light, shade and water requirements of the plants in the open green areas in line with the obtained data. Its contribution to ecological sustainability and green campus studies has been evaluated by revealing whether it is placed in areas with 2D (2D)-3D (3D) software and with different analysis techniques. In the light of the data obtained; It is seen that the shadow periods created by the buildings in Selcuk University Alaeddin Keykubat Campus are higher in December and February, and the shadow durations are less in other months. The shadow periods of the building’s immediate surroundings are longer than the open areas. It has been determined that the species in the vicinity of the building are adversely affected by this situation. Plants are exposed to the sun, especially in the summer months, so the water demand and consumption of plants increases.

The consumption of medicinal herbs, in the form of infusions, such as chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), mint (Mentha piperita) and muña-muña (Clinopodium gilliesii) is widespread in the region. The determination of toxic and essential elements is relevant to evaluate their incorporation into the human organism. Although the study of elemental levels in different herbs and their infusions is quite widespread, information on plants from Argentina is scarce. In the present work, Cd, Pb, As, Fe, Cu, Ca, Mg, Na and K were quantified in the five commercially available medicinal herbs and in their infusions by atomic absorption and emission spectrometry. In general, the nutrient levels obtained in the herbs studied followed the sequence: K > Ca > Mg > Fe > Na > Cu while in the infusions the order was: K > Mg > Na > Ca > Fe > Cu. Pb was found in the chamomile and wormwood infusions at levels below 10 µg.L-1, whereas Cd and As were not detected (LOD= 0.07 μg.L-1 and 7 μg.L-1 respectively). The estimated daily intake (EDI) values calculated for the essential elements in the infusions were lower than the recommended daily intake (RDI) levels suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) and did not provide the diet with significant nutritional values. As for to the toxic elements Pb, Cd and As, the EDI values obtained in the infusions were below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI), indicating that they do not entail a health risk.

The paper presents tests connected to the torrefaction of agro-biomass residues as a case of biomass valorisation. The aim of the work is to compare the changes in energy and chemical properties of millet stalk (Panicum miliaceum L.) before and after the torrefaction process. The torrefaction of the millet stalk was done by using a scale reactor in two temperatures, 275oC and 300oC, in an N2 atmosphere. The millet stalk torrefied at 300oC has more promising parameters, i.e., higher heating value HHV 24,57 MJ/kg, the content of carbon 64,90% and energy density 1,42 compering to biochar produced at 275oC - 22,57 MJ/kg, 60,90% and 1,31 respectively. The results showed that torrefaction improves the parameters of the millet stalk for higher-quality biofuel, which can be used for heat generation.

Bu çalışmada, dahlia tohumlarına 0, 25, 50 ve 100 ppm dozlarında paclobutrazol uygulaması yapılmıştır. Paclobutrazol ‘un sağladığı olası geciktirici etkilerini ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla fidelerin saksılara dikiminden 1 hafta sonra 0, 100 ve 200 ppm dozlarında yapraktan püskürtülerek GA3 uygulaması yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda, fide döneminde, fide boyunda (5,08 cm) ve çimlenme oranında (%80,56) 25 ppm paclobutrazol uygulaması kontrole göre (4,68 cm-%67,59) iyi sonuçlar göstermiştir. Paclobutrazol dozları arttıkça belirtilen parametrelerde düşüşler yaşanmıştır. İkinci aşamada ise, paclobutrazol uygulamaları yapılmamış olup tohumdan uygulanan paclobutrazol ile yetiştirilen fidelere GA3 uygulaması yapılmıştır. Paclobutrazol uygulamaları yapılan ancak GA3 uygulanması bulunmayan fidelerin bitki gelişimi açısından istatistiksel farklılıklar çıkmamasına rağmen 50 ppm paclobutrazol uygulaması bitki boyu (47,87 cm) ve bitki gövde çapında (6,55 mm), 0 ppm paclobutrazol uygulaması kök yaş ağırlığı (7,02 g) ve 50 ppm paclobutrazol uygulaması ise kök uzunluğunda (22,70 cm) en iyi sonuçları göstermiştir. Farklı konsantrasyonlardaki GA3 uygulamalarında ise 100 ppm GA3 uygulaması diğer uygulamalara kıyasla bitki gelişimi açısından en iyi sonuçları vermiştir. Paclobutrazol ve GA3 uygulamalarının kombine edilmesiyle bitki gelişiminde ağırlıklı olarak 50 ppm paclobutrazol ve 100 ppm GA3 uygulamaları daha etkili olmuştur. Fidenin büyüme ve çiçeklenme açısından boy kontrolünde 25 ppm paclobutrazol kullanılabileceği, kaliteli bitki gelişimi ve olası geciktirici etkileri ortadan kaldırmak için 100 ppm GA3 uygulanması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.