Insects, the most diverse group of animals, are known to benefit society for a sustainable future. By focusing on the use of natural enemies of pests, including parasitoids and predators, the need for biological pest control for the conservation of agricultural crops has been emphasized. Parasites are organisms that live in the body of another organism and feed on it without killing it, while predators hunt, kill and eat their prey. Parasitoids, on the other hand, live in or on another organism and feed on it, ultimately killing the host. Our study highlights the use of parasitoids to control pests in agriculture and describes the parasitoid lifestyle as an evolutionary transition between parasitism and predation. It also notes that parasitoid larvae typically require only one host to complete their development and can be used to control a wide range of pests. The aim of this study was to determine the origin of the parasitic life form of order Hymenpotera, the mechanisms revealed by the parasitic life form, the importance of life strategies, the types of parasitism and to evaluate the important insect groups belonging to the order Hymenoptera used in biological control.

The current study aimed to evaluate Piliostigma thonningii seeds-derived essential oil (PTO) effect on hematological and reproductive parameters in rabbits. Three groups consisting of 15 animals each were randomly assigned and with an average initial body weight (BW) of 262.89 ± 22.36 g in a fully randomised experimental design. Group 1 received the control diet, while for groups 2 and 3 the basal control diet was supplemented with 2 mL PTO/kg diet and 4 mL PTO/kg diet, respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and the blood was analysed using the ABACUS ROSS haematology analyser. The results indicated significant differences in rabbits receiving PTO supplemented feed, namely; Packed cell volume, red blood cells, white blood cells, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, neutrophil increased (P<0.05) with increasing level of PEO supplementation. Mean corpuscular volume and haemoglobin, lymphocyte, monocyte and platelet were higher (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 than in T1. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was higher (P<0.05) in T3 than T1 with T2 being intermediate (P>0.05) between T1 and T3. Semen volume, concentration and motility were higher (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 than in T1. While semen abnormalities and bucks’ reaction time to does (libido) were greater (P<0.05) in T1 than in T2 and T3, Live dead ratio was higher (P<0.05) in T3 relative to T1 while T2 was intermediate between T1 and T3 (P>0.05). semen color and pH were not affected (P>0.05) by treatments. It was therefore concluded that P. thonningii essential oil supplementation enhanced both haematological and fertility potential of the experimental rabbits.

The objective of this study was to identify the plants with varying chromosome numbers in the F2 generation, resulting from interspecific hybrids between hexaploid Triticum compactum and tetraploid Triticum turanicum, and to examine the morphological, physiological and agronomic characteristics of these plants. Therefore, the objective was to assess the potential for developing monosomic lines (particularly pentaploid) for the D-genome of wheat, with a view to their utilization in future breeding programs of wheat, and to ascertain the correlation between the estimated chromosome numbers and the superior phenotypic characteristics of the plants in question. The germination percentage was determined by germinating 230 seeds, which will form the F2 generation of Triticum compactum × Triticum turanicum interspecific hybrid, in Petri dishes together with the parents. Thereafter, the plants were transferred to 2 m long rows, 30 cm between rows and 10 cm above rows. The F2 plants were subjected to evaluation in order to ascertain their morphological, physiological and agronomic characteristics. Furthermore, the nuclear DNA contents of the F2 plants were determined by flow cytometry, and chromosome numbers were estimated based on the DNA contents of the parents. Finally, the correlations between the estimated chromosome numbers and the measured plant traits were determined. The nuclear DNA contents of F2 plants exhibited variability, with values ranging between 7870.39 and 11632.1 pg. Additionally, three plants with 35 chromosomes were identified. The F2 plants showed superior physiological traits compared to the parents, however, they displayed lower values for spike traits that affect yield. The superior traits had by F2 plants can be observed in subsequent generations, thus providing a valuable genetic resource for breeding programs and certain genomic studies.

Fish industry has significant importance all over the world because red meat is not enough to complete the protein requirements of growing population. Therefore, focus is now on those fish species production rate which are more suitable. In this study we focused on common carp which has important commercial value due to its size and tasty meat. Common carp is a fresh water fish and mostly found in rivers, ponds, dams and lakes. It is special due to its ability of adjustment in any aquatic habitat and sometimes beneficial also for other aquatic animals by releasing nutrients in habitat. Türkiye is a rich country in terms of rivers, dams and lakes. In this research, we described famous water reservoirs in Türkiye and in which regions higher amount of carp fish produced. It was focused on Central Anatolian Region of Türkiye which has large amount of water reservoirs. Geography Information System (GIS) based mapping and spatial analysis was used in this study to check the production rate of carp in Central Anatolian Region of Türkiye for long period from year 2000 to 2019. It was concluded from this study that highest average production rate of carp is obtained in Konya province (total: 11919,2 tons/2000-2019; average: 596 tons/20 year) which is west part of Anatolian region and lowest average production rate is found in the Niğde province (total: 163,5 tons/2000-2019; average: 8,2 tons/20 year) which is south part of the Central Anatolian Region.

Nowadays, the concept of sustainability is important in poultry meat production as in every field. The health status of the birds must be well-stated for sustainable broiler production. Considering that synthetics attract reactions and some of them are banned or limited, the use of natural feed additives for health protection has been the focus of research attention. St John’s wort is a plant that can positively affect the health of animals with bioactive components such as the hypericin it contains. St John’s wort or hypericum (Hypericum perforatum L.) has antiviral and antimicrobial effects in broilers and positively affects on blood biochemical parameters. This positive effect on health level also improves performance. The review aims to give information about St John’s wort and to examine a limited number of studies on their use in the diet of broilers.

In this study, Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and Percent of Normal Index (PNI) values were found in order to determine the drought conditions between 2012-2020 in Ankara province. Drought severity interpretations were made according to the index values obtained and these values were evaluated together with some grain yields grown in the region. Separate regression analysis was performed between the different drought index values obtained within the scope of the study and the irrigated and dry agricultural yield values of wheat, barley and triticale. According to the index values calculated between 2012 and 2020 according to the SPI method, drought conditions are generally close to normal in the region. According to the PNI values, it was determined that 2013 had mildly dry conditions and other years had near-normal drought conditions. According to both indices, a drought close to normal was observed during the research period. In the regression analysis made according to wheat, barley and triticale yields, the highest linearity was obtained in barley, and values close to barley were found in triticale. Wheat is the cereal with the lowest linearity. The regression coefficients obtained as 0.4294 for barley, 0.3331 for triticale, and 0.0502 for wheat were found to be 0.0584 for SPI and 0.0013 for PNI. According to the results obtained, it can be said that statistically linearity is in barley and triticale. In average yields, an increase of 47% in wheat, 55% in barley and 34% in triticale was observed with irrigation. In order to ensure sustainable grain cultivation in drought conditions, it is recommended to expand modern irrigation practices in coordination with drought analysis studies and to increase scientific studies on this subject.

Karbon noktalar (KN), boyutları 10 nm’den küçük, suda çözünme özelliği yüksek, biyo-uyumluluğu gelişmiş, geniş optik özelliklere ve düşük toksisiteye sahip, karbon nanomateryal sınıfının yeni bir üyesidir. KN, bahsi geçen özelliklerinin yanında; çevre dostu, kolay ve düşük maliyetli sentez yöntemleri, kolay uygulanabilirliği gibi sebeplerden dolayı gıda güvenliğini alanında erken tespit hususunda geleneksel analiz yöntemleri ve diğer floresan karbon nanomateryaller kullanılarak yapılan analizlere göre bir adım öndedir. Yapılan araştırmalar gıda güvenliği kapsamında yapılan analizlerde floresan KN kullanımının, analitlerin hassas ve yüksek seçicilikte tespit edilebildiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu derlemede, KN gıda güvenliği kapsamında kalıntı ve kontaminantların tespitinde ve gıda ambalajında kullanılmasına yönelik araştırmalar incelenmiştir.

Basma tipi tütünler sigara harmanlarında kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırma Tokat-Kazova şartlarında Türkiye Tohum Gen Bankasından (TGB) alınan üstün özellikli bazı basma tipi tütün hatlarının performanslarının belirlenmesi amacıyla iki yıl (2021 ve 2022) süreyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada 10 basma tipi tütün hattı (TGB46668, TGB46673, TGB46674, TGB46675, TGB46721, TGB46722, TGB46723, TGB46724, TGB46730 ve TGB46743) ve iki standart tütün çeşidi (Erbasma ve Xanthi-81) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada; bitki boyu, yaprak sayısı, yaprak eni, yaprak boyu, kuru yaprak verimi, nikotin oranı, indirgen şeker oranı ve randıman parametreleri incelenmiştir. İncelenen parametreler arasındaki farkların tamamı istatistiki olarak önemli (p<0.01) bulunmuştur. Ayrıca incelenen hatlar başta kuru yaprak verimi olmak üzere pek çok parametre bakımından standart çeşitlerden daha yüksek performans göstermiştir. Kuru yaprak verimi bakımından TGB46668 (223,85 kg/da), TGB46722 (219,79 kg/da), TGB46721 (213,01 kg/da) ve TGB46730 (211,7 kg/da) hatları öne çıkmıştır. Randıman değerlerine göre ise TGB46743 (%55,47), TGB46675 (%54,96) ve TGB46721 (%53,59) hatlarının daha kaliteli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. TGB46721 hattının verim ve kalite bakımından basma üretim alanlarında kendine yer bulabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca incelenen hatlar yeni çeşit geliştirmeye yönelik ıslah programlarında ebeveyn olarak kullanılabilecektir.

This research investigated the influence of high incubation temperature on hatching, and post-hatch characteristics of stored hatching eggs of Japanese quails. Hatching eggs of Japanese quails were stored for 7 days and incubated under two temperature conditions. The T1 group (control, 75 eggs) was subjected to a standard incubation temperature (37.5°C) while the T2 group (75 eggs) was exposed to a thermal manipulation protocol (of 38.5°C for 5 hours daily between embryonic days 5-15. The egg weight classification, chick weight, chick length, wing length, weekly body traits, body weight, total feed intake, and stress responses, weight of internal organs, whole carcass, breast, neck, wing, thigh, and neck did not significantly differ (P<0.05) between the incubation treatments. Hatchability was higher and early embryonic mortality was lower in T2 than in T1. Late embryonic mortality was lower in T1. Significantly (P≤ 0.05) higher pectoral muscle width at hatch and carcass yield/dressing percentage were observed in quails exposed to thermal manipulation protocol during embryogenesis. It was concluded that exposure of stored eggs to thermal manipulation protocol (of 38.5°C for 5 hours between embryonic days, ED 5-15, T2) during embryogenesis could enhance embryonic and growth traits, as well as carcass traits without any negative effect on stress indicators.

Türk mutfağı, tarihi boyunca çeşitli kültürlerin etkisi ve Anadolu’nun zengin toprakları sayesinde geniş bir baharat yelpazesine sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, Türk mutfağında yaygın olarak kullanılan baharatlar fonksiyonel bileşenler olan terpenoidler ve fenolik bileşikler açısından incelenmiştir. Terpenoidler antioksidan, anti-inflamatuar, antimikrobiyal ve antikanser özellikleri ile bilinirken; fenolik bileşikler güçlü antioksidan ve pro-oksidatif özellikler göstermektedir. Çalışmada, literatür araştırması yapılarak Türk mutfağında kullanılan 24 adet baharatın etken madde içerikleri, antioksidan kapasiteleri ve ORAC değerleri beslenme veri tabanları kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmalar ve veri tabanlarından elde edilen bilgiler değerlendirildiğinde anason (11 çeşit), haşhaş (10 çeşit), karabiber (10 çeşit), tarçın (10 çeşit), kekik (9 çeşit), kişniş (8 çeşit) ve sumak (8 çeşit) olmak üzere bu baharatların en fazla terpenoid ve fenolik bileşen içeren baharatlar olduğu görülmüştür. Baharatlarda en yaygın görülen fonksiyonel bileşenler ise sırasıyla karoten (alfa, beta ve gama) (17 tanesinde), tokoferol (alfa, beta ve gama) (15 tanesinde), filokinon (11 tanesinde), lutein (9 tanesinde) ve betain (8 tanesinde) olarak bulunmuştur. Türk mutfağının vazgeçilmez unsurlarından birisi olan bu baharatların, içerdikleri çeşitli terponoid ve fenolik bileşikler ile insan sağlığı üzerinde antioksidan, anti-inflamatuar, antimikrobiyal ve antikanser gibi olumlu etkilere sahip olduğu çalışmalarla desteklenmektedir. Bu çalışma Türk mutfağının kullanılan baharatlar ile sağlığı korumayı ve iyileştirmeyi destekleyici özellikte olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Son yıllarda sağlık için artan fonksiyonel beslenme uygulamaları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda Türk mutfağı içerik bakımından fonksiyonel beslenmeyi destekleyici niteliktedir. Türk mutfağında kullanılan baharatların sağlık üzerindeki bu potansiyel faydaları göz önüne alındığında, bu baharatların günlük beslenme alışkanlıklarına dahil edilmesi sağlığın sürdürülebilirliği açısından önerilebilir.