Bu çalışmanın amacı ülkemizde yetiştirilen kültür ırkı süt sığırları ile bazı yerli sığır ırklarında Büyüme Hormonu Reseptörü (GHR) gen çeşitliliğinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada hayvan materyali olarak 468 Siyah Alaca (SA), 280 Jersey, 93 Boz Irk, 86 Yerli Kara (YK), 64 Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı (DAK) kullanılmıştır. Popülasyonların GHR geni için FIS değerinin negatif bulunduğu Jersey, SA (Samsun), SA (Bursa) ve DAK’larda heterozigot bireylerin fazlalığı görülmüştür. Bu değerin pozitif bulunduğu Boz ırk ve YK’da ise homozigot bireyler daha fazladır. GHR lokusu bakımından Hardy-Weinberg oranından beklenen sapmalar YK hariç diğer popülasyonlarda önemli bulunmuştur. Genel popülasyon bazında ise %14 oranında heterozigot bireylerin fazlalığı ve Hardy-Weinberg oranından sapmalar önemli bulunmuştur. Popülasyonlar arasında genetik uzaklık değerleri ise 0,0004 ile 0,1881 arasında belirlenmiştir. Kümeleme analizi sonucunda iki temel kümenin şekillendiği görülmüştür. Bu kümelerin ilkinde Jersey ile YK bir alt kümede Boz ırkla genetik olarak yakın bir şekilde gözlenmiştir. Diğer ana kümede ise SA (Samsun) ve DAK bir kümede ve bu kümeye ise SA (Bursa) daha yakın bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak ülkemizde yetiştirilen beş farklı sığır ırkında genetik olarak kümeleme analizi ile sınıflandırmaları yapılırken bu ırkların GHR geni açısından göstermiş oldukları genetik varyasyon da belirlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu ırklar açısından verim özelliklerinin artırılmasına yönelik bir genetik ilerlemenin mümkün olduğu söylenebilir.

This study is performed to determine some of sperm quality after applying freezing / thawing process. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine different cryprotective agents with additives in terms of their effects at different pH on the cryopreservation process of longspine scraper (Capoeta trutta). The present study, twelve media were prepared by mixing three different cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, (CH3)2SO); methanol (CH3OH); methyl glycol (MG, CH3O (CH2)2OH)) with an extenders (glucose) at four different pH (7.2, 7.6, 8.0 and 8.4) for longspine scraper semen. Considering the findings from the examination (The motility rate after thawing process and duration of motility obtained in DMSO as 81% and 20 min, in methanol as 73% and 12 min, in methyl glycol as 60% and 15 min.), we can conclude that the DMSO is the best freezing media in order to create new essays in cryopreservation for sperm of Capoeta trutta in the future.

Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr., also named as Aladana, Peri Semeri, Pullu Mantar in varying by localities of Turkey, is an edible wild mushroom species widely existed in the mycobiota of the Black Sea Region. It has not been sold in the local markets. The public recognition of this mushroom may change locally in the Black Sea Region. It is widely consumed by the people in some parts of the region. It is usually appeared in the nature during May-September on the logs, dead and living trunks of the deciduous trees. Following the rainy period, it grows so fast and can produce a few kilograms fruit body within a short period. It is delicious and precious as much as meat for the nutritional value, especially during early growth stage. In this review, general knowledge on the morphological and ecological characteristics, nutritional value and medicinal properties of P. squamosus mushroom and some study results on the domestication of this mushroom have been presented in order to improve the public awareness and its consumption.

In this study, the factors affecting on land value in urban sprawl were analysed via regression analysis. In the analyse, the nominal value of land was taken to be dependent variable while factors affecting the value of the land in urban sprawl were considered to be independent variables. 9 factors that were thought to affect the value of the land were handled. In this study, 3 separate models were analyzed, and all models provided statistically significant results. The basic reason for applying three separate models is to be witness the effects by including the variables in different categories (environmental, social amenity and economical factors) separately to the model. As a result of these analyses, all of environmental, amenity and economic factors should be considered for valuation of urban sprawl.

Asparagus officinalis is a spring vegetable contains flavonoids, amino acid derivatives, glycolic acid, tyrosine, vitamins, saponins and essential oils and it has health benefits such as prevention of cancer, mutation, inflammation, and liver damage. The aim of this study is to investigate drying kinetics of Asparagus officinalis. According to R, χ2, RMSE and Error values, the model parameters at different temperatures (70°C, 80°C, 90°C), spear thickness (1 mm, 2 mm and 3mm), and microwave power (100 W, 200 W, and 300W) were compared. Midilli and Kucuk equation was found as the best equation to describe drying of Asparagus officinalis. R values of Midilli and Kucuk Equation changed between 0.8886 and 0.9989 for hot air drying and between 0.9568 and 0.9999 for a microwave drying.

Tricholoma anatolicum H.H. Doğan & Intini is known as the most prized mushroom species in Feke region of Turkey. This mushroom species is collected from Cedar (Cedrus libani) forests and therefore is named as Cedar mushroom in this region. It is collected and consumed by local collectors and also exported to Far East countries such as Japan by exporting companies. Therefore, it is important to investigate the nutritional and medical importance of this species. The aim of this study is to reveal the antioxidant activity of methanol extract in different concentrations (1, 2 and 4 mg/mL) of T. anatolicum H.H. Doğan & Intini collected from Feke district of Adana province of Turkey in 2015. In this study, it was determined that total phenolic content of this mushroom was 56 mg/kg. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) and reducing power (RP) activities given in trolox (µM) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) given in FeSO4 (µM) were found as 449, 180, 337 and 2 at the highest concentration (4 mg/mL), respectively. As a result, it could be suggested that methanol extract of T. anatolicum H.H. Doğan & Intini has significantly antioxidant activity.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the reasons for the waste of bread among consumers in Hatay province and what should be taken for the elimination of these causes. The subjects of this study were the data obtained from 406 consumers selected from the city center. The data were obtained through face to face interviews during the period of May-2017. In the questionnaire, there were questions towards determining the bread consumption habits, consumption preferences and bread waste levels along with the socio-demographic characteristics of the consumers. Cross tabulation and chi-square analysis were used in the evaluation and comparison of the data. It was determined that the amount of bread consumed per person was 278 g/day and 7% of the total family consumption of bread was wasted without any consumption. While the most consumed types of bread are traditional white bread and flatbread, bakeries and groceries are the most common places to buy bread. Consumers usually buy bread twice a day and the main considerations in the consumers’ preference for bread purchase are that the establishments comply with hygiene requirements and that quality materials are used in the bread making process. Staling and bad taste are among the significant issues in bread wastage. Taking future trends in the sector into consideration, producers should pay attention to product quality, production according to health conditions and longer shelf life on bread; depending on consumer awareness. The producers should diversify their production of bread and other bakery products.

In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the anticancer activities of Cetraria islandica (C.islandica) extracts on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Cell viability, protein levels, apoptotic cells number, F-actin distribution were measured. Cell viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells was found to be reduced in a dose-dependent manner.EC50 values of C.islandica on MCF-7 cells were found to be 9.2047 E-5 g/ml (cell amount) by using intelligence system. Expressions of p53, caspase 3 and Bcl-2, were shown to be elevated after low doses of extract and diminished after high dose treatments. PPAR- protein level was decreased, although AMP-activated kinases-α1 (AMPK-α1) protein level was increasedin its extract groups. ERK1/2 protein level was also elevated in its extract groups. 125 mg/ml of extract treated cells show a low decrease in actin filament density. MCF-7 cells with C.islandica treatment for 24 h increased the apoptotic cell percentage, though the cells-treated with C.islandica for 48 was high necrotic cells percentage. Consequently, the C.islandica extract treatment causes to elevate ERK1/2 and AMPK-α1 protein levels, resulting in PPAR- and then triggers the apoptosis by modulation caspase-3 and P53 protein levels. Therefore, C.islandica might be a good candidate for anticancer tissue, especially soft tissue tumours.

This study carried out in 2015 and 2016 to determine phenological, pomological and some technological characteristics of 19 seedless mulberry genotypes of the Malatya Apricot Research Institute. Full-bloom periods of the genotypes varied between 27th of April (Poser 24-07) and 3rd of May (24 MRK 02); start of harvest dates varied between 15th of May (Poser 24-07) and 31st of May (Yediveren 24-08); end of harvest dates varied between 5th of July (Angut 009) and 30th of August (Yediveren 24-08). Fruiting durations varied between 50 days (Angut 009) and 95 days (Gemirgap Dutu 24-05). Of the pomological characteristics, average fruit weights varied between 0.77 g (Angut 009) and 2.46 g (Poser 24-07); water soluble dry matter (WSDM) contents varied between 15.50% (Topu Beyaz 1) and 29.60% (Angut 009). Of the technological characteristics, drying efficiency values varied between 15.79% (44 KE 10) and 39.94% (Angut 009), dry fruit color L values varied between 25.97 (Poser 24-07) and 50.20 (İstanbul Dutu 24-12). Based on present findings, Poser 24-07 genotype was found to be prominent with early fruiting and availability for fresh consumption; Yediveren 24-08 genotype with late fruiting; İstanbul Dutu 24-12 genotype with drying efficiency and Gemirgap Dutu 24-05 and Gemirgap Dutu 24-06 genotypes with their longer fruiting durations. Current findings may be beneficial in mulberry breeding programs.

Household level vulnerability analyses are becoming main issue in economics literature. Yet very few empirical works have been done to examine the extent of Eastern Ethiopia urban (Dira Dawa, Harar and Jigjiga towns) households’ vulnerability to multidimensional poverty. This paper tried to fill the gap by using a survey that was conducted to collect information on household’s characteristics, socioeconomic status, shocks experience and responses to shocks during the year 2016. Unlike conventional studies of household vulnerability, this study calculates household’s probability of experiencing a broad and non-monetary characterization of poverty: the multidimensional poverty index using Structural Equation and Tobit model. The Structural Equation Model result revealed that, the health and education dimensions of multidimensional poverty significantly contributed a lot to households’ vulnerability to multidimensional poverty. Based on the Tobit model result households’ vulnerability to multidimensional poverty would be reduced if the household is wealthier, better educated healthier, employed and has the practice of reducing the size of meals at the time of shock. Contrary to this, if the household has large family size, prone to health problem, and has not developed the culture of reducing the number of meals per day, there is high risk of vulnerability to multidimensional poverty. Hence, the study recommended that there is a dire need for policies and programs that can improve wealth and education statuses of household members, create employment opportunity, promote family planning, improved health situation and accessibility of food for the vulnerable households.