Row planting is one of the technologies introduced in Ethiopia to improve production and productivity of the major crops. However, the rate of adopting the technology decline from time to time. Thus, this study aims to identify factors affecting adoption level and intensity use of Teff row planting technology in the selected districts of North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. Multi-stage random sampling techniques were used to select 400 respondents. Adoption index, independent sample mean t-test, chi-square test and double hurdle model were used for data analysis. The results of adoption index reveals that among 400 sample households, 79.8% was non-adopter while 20.2% were adopter of Teff row planting technology. A total of 10 variables were hypothesized to affect the adoption level and intensity use of Teff row planting technology in the study area. Among these, 6 variables had significant effect on adoption level of Teff row planting technology while 4 variables had significant effect on the intensity use of Teff row planting technology. Accordingly, the experience of household in Teff production, education level of household head, family size, extension contact, credit utilization and demonstration site visit had positive and significant effect on the adoption level of Teff row planting technology adoption at 1, 1, 5, 1, 1 and 1% significance level respectively. Moreover, family size, education level of household head, frequency of extension contacts and demonstration site visit had positive and significant effect on the intensity use of Teff row planting technology at 10, 1, 1 and 1% significant level respectively. Hence, in order to increase the households’ adoption level and intensity use of Teff row planting technology in the study area, strengthening the extension services, improving the education level of the households, strengthening the credit services and expanding the demonstration site should be the focus area of the policy makers.

This study is conducted to improve growth performance, breast meat characteristics, welfare, and immunity level of broiler chickens by using a combination of monochromatic LED light in the early and later periods of the rearing. A total of 576 one-day old mixed sexes broiler chickens (ROSS 308) were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments: 1) White fluorescent light (Control, WF), 2) Green LED light (G), 3) Blue LED light (B) and 4) Green-Blue LED combination light (G-B) (green light for first 3 weeks, switching to blue light for remaining 3 weeks). Body weights (BW), body weights gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality rates were determined. In addition, on d 39, gait score and at 21 and 40 d of age, tonic immobility (TI) duration and at 28 and 40 d for immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum and at d 42 of age, pectoral muscle quality and tibia bone characteristics were determined. The results showed that birds under Y-M had significantly higher CA in the first 21 days than these of BF and M and in the last 3 weeks than the broilers in the BF and G. At the end of the experiment, it was revealed that the B and G-B groups consumed more feed than the other groups. FCR, mortality rates and TI duration in broilers were not affected by light treatments. Light affected the gait score which is a welfare indicator in broilers was affected and G group had the worst gait score. Light affected values of pH24, b* and water-holding capacity in the breast muscle and the lowest pH24 value appeared in G-B group. On 40th day of the trial, although the IgG levels in all the treatment groups decreased according to the 28th day, the IgG level of G-B group was found higher than the other groups. In conclusion, the present study shows that in chickens, the monochromatic G-B combination had a positive effect on the growing and especially the high level of IgG determined in the blood serum showed that it can be effective in development of a strong immunity.

Beekeeping, which can be established with little capital and can provide strong economic returns, is one of the important branches of animal husbandry. Beekeeping has an important place in Yozgat's agricultural sector with 411 enterprises. At the end of 2019, there are a total of 29,370 beehives in Yozgat. Honey production has been less than the general of Turkey according to the presence of hive. Achieving more efficient production is possible by identifying the problems in the current production. With this study, it was determined the technical and socio-cultural structures of the existing beekeeping enterprises in Yozgat city center and its districts through a survey study. For this purpose, information about the enterprises was obtained from the Yozgat Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry and the Yozgat Beekeepers' Association. A sample of 135 beekeepers was created by examining the data of a total of 411 beekeepers. The survey was conducted with these selected beekeepers. According to the findings, a statistically significant difference was found between beekeeper groups in terms of experience of breeders, ownership of land and honey yield. Therefore, it can be said that the scale of the enterprise has grown in parallel with the increase in the experience of the breeders. Similarly, property land assets increase according to the scale of the enterprise. On the other hand, it is observed that honey yield decreases with the increase in scale in beekeeping enterprises. This means that the efficiency of the enterprises in Yozgat province decreases with the scale growth.

During the production of olive oil two types of waste are generated: wastewater and olive pomace. Since these wastes have high biochemical and chemical oxygen needs, they have harmful effects on the environment. However, in addition to these damages, many bioactive compounds in olive are transferred to wastewater and pomace during oil processing. Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and oleuropein are bioactive components that are dominantly found in both olive oil wastewater and pomace, and these compounds have many bioactivities that positively affect human health. As a result of scientific studies, it has been proven that hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and oleuropein compounds exhibit various bioactivities such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, cardioprotective effect, neuroprotective effect, chemoprevention properties, antidiabetic effect, antimicrobial and antiviral effect. These wastes are recycled in various sectors such as food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals due to the bioactive components they contain. It has been reported by scientific studies that wastewater and pomace contain phenolic compounds, pectic polysaccharides and fibers. These can be used as natural preservatives, antioxidants, food enrichers, packaging materials in the food industry. In this review, the production methods, chemical and biological properties of olive oil wastewater and pomace and studies investigating the use potential of these wastes in the food sector are compiled.

This research was carried out to determine the effects of diets containing different levels of threonine on the performance, carcass characteristics, and serum biochemical parameters of growing Japanese quails. In the study, a total of 240 mixed sex quail chicks at the age of one day were randomly allocated to 6 treatment groups with 4 subgroups. Experimental diets were prepared to contain threonine at 0.84 (without L-threonine addition), 1.02 (control), 1.10, 1.20, 1.30 and 1.40% levels, and quails were fed with these treatment diets for six weeks. The threonine level of the diet did not statistically affect the performance and carcass parameters of quails, but the best feed efficiency was obtained at 1.10% threonine level. While serum cholesterol, total protein, albumin, creatinine, calcium and AST levels were not affected by dietary threonine level, serum glucose, triglyceride, globulin, urea, and phosphorus levels were statistically affected. With 1.30% threonine in the diet, serum glucose and triglyceride levels were minimum, while serum globulin level was maximum. Serum phosphorus level considerably increased at 1.40% threonine level compared to the control group. According to these results, it can be said that the addition of 1.10% threonine to diet would be proper for growing quails.

In social & economic science disciplines, the lack of strong theories is often reflected in the lack of well-accepted common metrics defined by a UNIT. PAHU Method vs. PC is developed to investigate the feasibility of developing well-grounded common metrics/unit to advance behavioural, economic-social, food security & science research, both in terms of advancing the development of theory and increasing the utility of research for policy & practice. In addition aiming, to consider whether a set of criteria can be developed for understanding when the measurement of a particular construct is ready to be standardized & to explore how the research community can foster a move toward standardization when it appears warranted. In this globalised society, even imperial measures are defined with reference to the metric/unit standards. A radical evaluation method change in global food systems is needed to meet the challenges. State of the art of PAHU Method /Age and Gender Corrected Per Capita (PCagc) is to evaluate demographic structure, consumer & past and future food consumption potential of developed & developing countries, target populations, their food sufficiency & also food security evaluations of family and households. It involves systematic attempts to create awareness of 19.4 percentage UNIT error inherent to PC & pave the way to food - other goods consumption evaluations plus global impact of hunger & environmental issues until 2020-2050-era. PAHUM was applied & evaluated EU28 demographic structure & food consumption issues for 1999/2010/2020. Now it focuses on research with systems approach, contributing to the development of tomorrow’s food systems for family/household evaluations including CO2 emissions-biodiversity relations. A radical evaluation method change in global/EU food systems is needed to meet the global challenges, including family/household on UNIT basis. The principal is always to ask questions “Why”, “What” and “How” will naturally unfold and found the reality of PAHUM. Reality is reality…

In this study; The effects of using urea as top fertilizer and "Nutrisphere-N-Urea" fertilizer, which is a nitrogen stabilizer, on some yield and quality criteria of bread wheat and corn were investigated. Experiments were carried out in the fields of the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute according to a randomized block design with four replications. In the wheat trial; control (no fertilizer), conventional-DAP (15 kg/da)+Urea (29 kg/da), DAP (15 kg/da)+Nutrisphere-N-Urea (15 kg/da) and DAP (15 kg/da)+Nutrisphere-N-Urea (29 kg/da) subjects including were studied. In the corn trial; 25 kg DAP/da+without top fertilizer; 25 kg DAP/da+60 kg Urea/da and 25 kg DAP/da+60 kg Nutrisphere-N-Urea/da were the subject of the research. As a result of the observations and analysis of variance, the effect of the use of "Nutrisphere-N-Urea" on yield and yield criteria in wheat, despite the classical top fertilizer (Urea) application, was found to be statistically significant. While the yield per decare was 326.88 kg in the traditional application, it was found to be 388.46 kg when Nutrisphere-N-Urea (15 kg/da) was used. In the corn trial; While the effect of the use of "Nutrisphere-N-Urea" on plant height, first ear height and hectoliter weight was found to be statistically insignificant compared to the control subject, it was seen that it caused statistically significant differences on stem diameter and yield values. The highest yield (1774.31 kg/da) and crude protein (8.95%) and low starch ratio (67.73%) were obtained from the “25 kg DAP/da+60 kg Nutrisphere-N-Urea/da” application.

Pterostilbene (PTE) (3-5 dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-trans-stilbenes) is an analogue of resveratrol. It is extracted and isolated from a natural source of the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., red grape skin, and blueberries (Vaccinium spp.). Substantial evidence suggested that PTE displayed numerous preventive and therapeutic properties in many metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. Metabolic diseases result in Insulin resistance (IR) which advances to impaired sensitivity to insulin-mediated glucose disposal. The prominent role of SIRT (silent information regulator proteins) is now getting emphasized in metabolic disorders. SIRT1 represses Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expressions which are further responsible for improving synthesis of ATP from glucose. This results in improving glucose utilization and insulin secretion, thus preventing IR. SIRT1 also exhibits prominent role in facilitating fatty acid mobilization thereby inhibiting adiposity. Metabolic disorders are therefore the consequences of SIRT1 downregulation. Pterostilbene, being a SIRT1 activator, increases insulin sensitivity reduces adiposity, therefore can prove to be beneficial in diabetes as well as obesity. The review summarizes therapeutic effects portrayed by Pterostilbene via the SIRT1 pathway in metabolic diseases.

Green areas are spaces organized as areas where people can get rid of their monotonous lives and meet their active or passive recreation needs. In order for a society to be physically and mentally healthy, green spaces must fulfil the purposes of establishment. The main material of the research is the green areas of Bosna-Hersek neighbourhood. The questionnaire method was used in the study and the green areas in Konya province Selçuklu district Bosnia and Herzegovina neighbourhood were evaluated in terms of sufficiency, management and usage

The aim of present study was to determine the effects of different ethephon doses on grain yield and yield components of two faba bean cultivars. The experiment was established in 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 cropping season at Research Area of Field Crops Department, Agriculture of Faculty, Cukurova University Adana, Turkey. The field experiment was laid out in randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications on the basis split plot design with cultivars (Luz de Otono and Histal) in main plots and ethephon doses (0, 500, 1000, 1500 g ha-1) in sub plots. Plant height (cm), branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per plant, seed yield per plant (g), 100 grain weight (g), seed yield (kg ha-1) were investigated. Differences among the cultivars and ethephon applications were significant for seed yield and it varied from 1782 to 3388 kg ha-1 in the mean of the years. Seed yield also decreased with increasing ethephon doses. Seed yield was higher in 2019/2020 (3355 kg ha) than 2020/2021 (1841 kg ha-1) where low rainfed and high temperature. The present results suggested that ethephon applications at inititation of flowering were not useful for seed production of faba bean.