In this study, we performed a genetic diversity analysis using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (Inter simple sequence repeat) markers for some Chrysochamela species growing in Turkey. PCR was performed using RAPD and ISSR primers and genomic DNA samples from each specimen, and the resulting bands were scored. Phylogenetic relationships and genetic distances between the studied taxa were calculated using the PAUP analysis program. According to the RAPD analysis, the closest genetic distance was found to be 0.20000 between C. noeana populations, while the most distant values were found as 0.60000 between C. noeana and C. elliptica. The ISSR analysis also revealed the closest genetic distance as 0.34043 between C. noeana populations, while the most distant values were found to be 0.55319 between C. noeana and C. elliptica. UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) dendrogram generated for both RAPD and ISSR analyses consisted of two groups. As a result, it was found that RAPD data were more appropriate for comparison with the previous anatomical and morphological data of the studied taxa.

This study was carried out in order to determine the effects of Mychorrizal Preparation (MP) applications on final take and root quality in grafted and potted grapevine sapling production. In this research, cuttings of five different Vine rootstocks (140 Ru, 110 R, 41 B, 1103 P and 5 BB) and scions of Narince grape cultivar were used. In addition, 5 commercials symbiotic mychorriza preparations (MP); Roots Deep Gel (RD), Endo Roots Soluble (ER), Myco Apply (MA), Bio-one (BO) and Biovam were applied. Scions were grafted on rootstocks by omega table grafting machine and then grafted cuttings were stored for three weeks at stratification room. The grafted cuttings were planted into polyethylene bags (12 × 20 cm size) containing 1:1 sterile perlite-peat mixture. Grafted cuttings were kept in greenhouse during 2 months for growing. After grapevine final take rates were determined, grapevine saplings were transferred to acclimatization environment. Root fresh and dry weights of grapevine saplings were detected in the first week of September. Research was designed according to completely randomized plot as three replications and as 50 grafted cuttings each plot. At the end of study, it was determined that both MP applications and rootstocks have a significant effect on final take and sapling quality. The ratios of first grade sapling varied from 21.5% to 93.3% in first year and from 10.3% to 79.3% in second year. Effects of MP applications on the total final take ratios differed depending on the rootstocks in both years. MP applications showed significant effect on total final take ratios of 110 R and 41 B in the first year, and total final take ratios of 5 BB, 41 B and 140 Ru in the second year. While the best results were obtained from MA, EN, RD applications in the first year, the highest final take ratios were in EN, RD and BO applications in the second year. The highest value on final take was obtained from 5BB rootstock, while the lowest value was recorded in 140 Ru rootstock. Effect of MP applications on the fresh and dry weight of root changed according to rootstocks.

Bu araştırma, Türkiye’de tescilli bazı kırmızı mercimek çeşitlerinin Isparta ekolojisinde verim ve verim unsurlarının belirlenmesi için 2016 - 2017 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, 11 adet tescilli kırmızı mercimek çeşidinde bitki boyu, ilk bakla bağlama yüksekliği, bitkide bakla ve tane sayısı, bitki verimi, biyolojik verimi, birim alan tane verimi, yüz tane ağırlığı, su alma kapasitesi ve tane protein oranı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Varyans analiz sonuçlarına göre, incelenen tüm özelliklerde çeşitler arasında istatistiki yönden önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, çeşitlerin ortalaması olarak bitki boyu 27,50-32,80 cm, ilk bakla yüksekliği 9,23-20,20 cm, bitkide bakla sayısı 30,13-50,73 adet, bitkide tane sayısı 40,96-64,70 adet, bitki tane verimi 0,49-2,07 g, biyolojik verimi 223,8-506,9 kg/da, birim alan tane verimi 66,0-195,8 kg/da, yüz tane ağırlığı 2,91-3,64 g, su alma kapasitesi 0,027-0,033 g/tane ve protein oranı %27,68-32,27 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Kırmızı mercimek çeşitleri arasında en yüksek birim alan tane verimine Çiftçi çeşidi sahip olmuştur. Kafkas çeşidi ikinci sırada yer almakla birlikte; bu çeşidin ilk bakla bağlama yüksekliği makineli hasat için önerilen 12 cm sınırında olması, önemli bir dezavantaj olarak görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, Isparta ili ve benzer ekolojik koşullara sahip yörelerde kırmızı mercimek tarımının yapılabileceği, kırmızı mercimek tarımında tane ve protein verimini arttırmak için Çiftçi kırmızı mercimek çeşidinin önerilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Strawberry is one of the most preferred fruits all over the world due to its characteristic properties. Due to the morphological structure of fresh strawberries after harvesting, quality losses are observed during cold storage. Therefore, industrial washing of fresh strawberries is especially important for reducing microbial load and increasing shelf life. Demand for the new methods as an alternative to the chemicals used in industrial washing of fruits and vegetables is increasing due to consumer-related health concerns. Ultrasonic washing is a preferred innovative method in terms of reducing the microbial load and maintaining quality properties compared to chemical washing processes. In this study, fresh strawberries were washed with ultrasound (550 W/35 kHz) and peroxyacetic acid (40 ppm) after harvesting. The pH, total acidity, water soluble dry matter (brix), vitamin C, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, total viable, mold and yeast count analyses were performed in every two days during 14 days of cold storage of washed strawberries. Ultrasonic washing was found to be more effective in reducing microbial load and preserving bioactive properties of strawberries compared to other method due to its cavitation effect.

Gümüşhacıköy Basma is famous for its aromatic structure in oriental type tobacco. However, it is known that new types of oriental tobacco have become widespread by adding Taşova, Erbaa and Niksar lines to the production area of this type of tobacco, especially due to the decrease in production since the beginning of 2000s. In this study, yield and quality performances of some oriental tobacco parents and hybrids in Gümüşhacıköy ecological conditions and heterosis and heterobeltiosis values of these hybrids were emphasized. Hybrid lines were obtained in 2016 by half-diallel hybridization from Xanthi-2A, Erbaa, Nail, Katerini and Canik 10821 (Sıtmasuyu) genotypes. The study was carried out with 5 parents and 4 F1 populations with their hybrids. Yield and yield related characteristics (plant height, number of leaves, leaf width and height), as well as glucose, fructose, nicotine, chlorogenic acid and routine contents were examined. It was determined that genotypes showed significant differences in all traits except leaf length. Hybrids outperformed their parents in all parameters except plant height and number of leaves. This advantage was 8.42% in yield, 7.73% in quality, 8.64% in reducing sugar, 3.49% in nicotine and 15.20% in chlorogenic acid + routine. The effect of leaf width on yield and chlorogenic acid + routine content on quality were determined. As a result of the study, when heterosis and heterobeltiosis data were evaluated, it was found that Xanthi 2A x Katerini hybrid showed promising results.

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal time to harvest and length of the harvesting period in two early-maturing Okitsu and Clausellina mandarins and two early-maturing Navelina and Newhall oranges under Güzelyurt-Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) ecological conditions. Fruit weight, fruit length, rind thickness, fruit juice, brix, acid and brix/acid ratio were determined. Fruit were harvested at three different times. Okitsu and Clausellina mandarins were harvested in September, October and November; Navelina and Newhall oranges were harvested in October, November and December. Harvest date x variety interaction effect was significantly important on fruit weight, fruit height and maturity index in mandarins whereas interaction effect of harvest date and variety was significantly important on fruit weight, citric acid concentration and maturity index in orange varieties. Maturity indexes were found 4.22, 7.26 and 10.34 on September, October and December, respectively in mandarins whereas maturity indexes were determined as 6.47, 9.47 and 13.42 in oranges. Additionally, fruit size were positively affected by the increasing harvest date in mandarin and orange varieties. As a result of the findings obtained from this study, the optimum harvest date for mandarin varieties and Newhall navel as october and it was determined that the optimum harvest date Navelina navel was November under Güzelyurt ecological conditions

Encapsulation is a technology applied to cover an active material with various materials. In the food industry, encapsulation techniques are applied to protect sensitive components against environmental factors, increase bioavailability of nutrients, controlled release and mask flavor and odor. Nanocapsules are obtained when the size of the obtained encapsulated materials is less than 1 μm. There are many methods for the production of nanocapsules, which are classified as lipid formulation-based nanoencapsulation technologies, natural nanocarrier-based nanoencapsulation technologies, specialized equipment based nanoencapsulation technologies, biopolymer nanoparticle-based nanoparticle technologies and other nanoencapsulation technologies. In this review, information on these technologies used in the nanoencapsulation of food components in accordance with this classification is presented.

Microbial and chemical contamination is one of the biggest environmental problems since exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, such as food poisoning bacteria and their biological by-products, are often associated with disease and allergic reactions. Paenibacillus lautus is an aerobic or facultative anaerobic opportunistic bacterial pathogen, which is found in a variety of sources. In this study, we isolated and characterized P. lautus from Niğde Province, which is a wastewater disposal area and therefore presents a great source of contamination. The bacterial isolate was grown, colony morphology and Gram-reactions were observed. Bacteria were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, which was performed using DNA samples isolated from pure cultures and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequencing results were compared against known bacterial strains using BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) across databases. Antibiotic resistance against 20 different antibiotics and heavy metal resistance against different concentrations of zinc, copper, iron, cobalt, chromium and silver containing compounds were tested via disk diffusion method. Inhibition zones were examined and minimum inhibitory concentrations were recorded. Our results indicated that P. lautus was resistant to a certain set of antibiotics, while it was sensitive against others. Similarly, the bacteria were resistant against high concentrations of most metals tested. In summary, this study provided the first data regarding the isolation and characterization of Paenibacillus lautus strain from a local source in Turkey, which will account as preliminary data and guide our future efforts to fight against microbial contaminations.

As a result of the studies conducted in Bartın in 2019, it was determined that Garella musculana (Erschoviella musculana Erschoff 1874) caused damage to young shoots of Juglans nigra in the world for the first time. According to Eppo data,it is known that Garella musculana damages only in Juglans regia (major), but in this study, it has been revealed as the first record in the world that Garella musculana also causes damage in Juglans nigra (Black walnut) (young shoots).

In this study, rooting performance of cuttings of local olive types of Northern Cyprus taken in spring and autumn seasons was investigated. Gemlik Olive cultivar was used as the control group and 14 different local olive types constituted the experimental groups. Green cuttings taken from local olive types were initially treated with 4000 ppm indole-3-butyric (IBA) and they were then rooted in perlite medium under fogging unit in a plastic greenhouse. Following 100-days of rooting, rooting ratios, root lengths, number of roots and shooting ratios were determined. As expected, the best rooting ratio was obtained from Gemlik Olive cultivar (control group). Among the local types, the best rooting ratio (58.67%) was obtained from Çamlıköy with Type 8 olive type and the best rooting performance (45.87%) was achieved in cuttings rooted in autumn season.