This study was carried out to determine the growth and reproductive performance of Karayaka sheep in Amasya province within the scope of National Animal Breeding Project. Data were collected from 17529 Karayaka lambs of 20120 Karayaka sheep which were born during 2012 to 2015 birth season. In this study, the live weights, survival rates of the lambs in various periods and reproductive traits of Karayaka ewes were investigated. In this study, the live weights, daily live weight gain, survival rates (90th day) and reproductive traits of Karayaka ewes were investigated. The averages of reproductive traits of Karayaka sheep such as infertility, fertility, twins, fecundity, litter size and survival rate were 13.8%, 86.2%, 7.20%, 0.867, 1.01 and 89.0% respectively. The effects of year, sex and type of birth on the birth weights and the live weights of 90 days (weaning) of Karayaka lambs were found to be significant. Daily live weight gain was affected only by year and sex.

This study was aimed to evaluate DNA fragmentation by using Comet assay in naturally infected sheep with Anaplasmosis before and after treatment with the Comet method, which shows DNA damage specifically. In the study, blood samples were collected from 10 Anaplosmosis infected and 10 healthy sheep. The anaplosmosis was diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms. The infection was confirmed by Giemsa staining. The blood was collected from control group and infected group before and after the treatment, from the vena jugularis with the appropriate method. The DNA fragmentation was checked by using the Comet assay of blood cells. The data were analysed throught ANNOVA one-way. The result showed higher DNA fragmentation in sick animals diagnosed with anaplasmosis; tail length and tail moment values were found to be statistically significantly higher than the control group. When the data obtained after imidocarb (IMD) application were compared with obtained during the disease, a decreased DNA damage and tail moment was determined, however, these values higher than control. In this study, DNA damage and the extent of this damage were investigated by the Comet assay method using a healthy control group before and after treatment in animals with Anaplasmosis. When the findings obtained from the study were evaluated, it was seen that Anaplasma agents caused DNA damage and with the imidocarb application given for treatment, DNA damage was reduced and results close to healthy individuals were obtained.

Sustainable agriculture bases on certain ecological principles in both of crop production and livestocks. Legume-cereal intercropping in sustainable agricultural cropping system is the most applied in the intercropping systems in the World. Legume-cereal intercropping have many benefits such soil conservation, weed control, animal feed and effective land use, greater yield and quality in low-input agricultural system. Land use efficiently is available to evaluate the advantages of intercrop in sustainable agriculture to meet food demand due to increase in population. Amount of N2 fixed by intercropped legume is less compared to mono crop legume due to competition with cereal. However, proportion of total N derived from fixation (Ndfa %) in legume intercropped with cereal was greater than mono crop legume. N-transfer from the legume to neighbouring plant may be possible, but it can be affected by a lot of factors. The principal aim of present study is to define advantages of cereal-grain legume intercrops in sustainable agriculture.

There are few studies in Botswana which have examined the relationship between agriculture and economic growth. The uniqueness of this study is grounded in investigating disintegrated agriculture components into crop production and livestock production and investigating their nexus with economic growth. This study estimated the short and long term effects between crop production, livestock production and economic growth in Botswana for the period 1990 to 2017. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) bounds testing approach was employed to investigate the stated relationship. Study findings from the ARDL bound testing approach confirm evidence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between crop production, livestock production and economic growth. Results indicated that livestock production has a positive and significant impact on economic growth both in the short run and long run. On the other hand crop production has a positive and significant impact on economic growth only in the long run. Efforts towards supporting agricultural sector growth should be emphasized to promote agricultural sector productivity in a bid to forge a move away from dependence on imports of food in Botswana. To enhance economic growth, in both the short run and long run, the government of Botswana and all relevant stakeholders should invest in and promote livestock production. In the long term, policies that foster crop production are essential for economic growth.

In the study, it was aimed to reveal the morphological, morphometric and histological characteristics of sinus interdigitalis found in the fore and hind feet of Konya merino sheep. For this purpose, the fore and hind feet of 10 Konya merino sheep, weighing between 44-79 kg, were used. Sinus interdigitalis were dissected out from the feet, and after morphometric measurements were made, morphological examinations were performed and photographed. The shape of the sinus interdigitalis, present in all the forefeet and hind feet, resembled a pipe consisting of neck and body. It was determined that the neck part was longer than the body at all feet. The inner surface of the gland was covered with hair, and there was more hair on the neck than on the body. The weight of the gland, body length and diameter, flexura, canal length and diameter were measured morphometrically. In the measurements made, it was determined that all the values of the forefeet were higher than the hind feet. In histological examination, it was found that the wall of the sinus interdigitalis consists of three layers: epidermis, dermis and fibrous capsule, and in the dermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, m. arrector pili and sweat glands were found.

Animal originated proteins have great importance in meeting the daily protein need in a healthy and balanced diet due to their high protein content, amino acid pattern and good digestibility. Also, when included in a diet, they play an important role in the protection of individuals’ health and improving the life quality with their vitamin and mineral content. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in meat and meat products consumption habits of people and whether they are concerned about reaching meat and meat products during the COVID-19 pandemic. For that purpose, a 24-question survey of 1000 people from several cities of Turkey was carried out. The majority of the participants stated that their consumption of red meat (77%), poultry meat (81%) and fish (66%) did not change due to the COVID-19 pandemic, while 10%, 8%, and 3% of the participants said their red meat, poultry meat and fish consumption increased, respectively. In addition, 13%, 11%, and 31% of the participants said there was a decrease in their red meat, poultry meat and fish consumption, respectively. The major reason for the decrease in red and white meat consumption was economic reasons, however, the reason for the decrease in consumption of fish was difficulties in reaching. During the COVID-19 pandemic, until the date that the survey was done, 12% of the participants had concerns about reaching meat and meat products. The main cause of their concern was being unemployed or losing their job after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Bu çalışmada 32 haftalık yaştaki Japon bıldırcını sürüsünden elde edilen toplam 402 kuluçkalık yumurta, gelişme döneminde kabuk sıcaklığı, kabuk sıcaklığı ile makine sıcaklığı arasındaki fark ve oransal ağırlık (nem) kaybının kuluçka sonuçları üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Yumurtalar ağırlık sınıfına göre iki gruba ayrılmış (≤12 g ve >12 g) ve makine katlarına rastgele ve eşit olarak dağıtılmıştır. Beklendiği üzere, kuluçkalık yumurta ağırlığı civciv çıkış ağırlıklarını önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Hafif yumurtalar ağır yumurtalara göre daha fazla nem kaybetmişlerdir. Embriyo, gelişme döneminin ilk yarısında hissedilir düzeyde ısı üretememekteyse de (endotermik faz), ikinci yarısında belirgin biçimde ısı üretmeye başladığından (ekzotermik faz), kabuk sıcaklığı makine iç sıcaklığından daha yüksek olmuştur. Bu durum ağır yumurtalarda daha belirgin olmaktadır. Gelişim döneminin ilk yarısında kabuk sıcaklığı hafif yumurtalarda ağır yumurtalara göre daha yüksekken, ikinci yarıda yumurta ağırlık gruplarında belirlenen kabuk sıcaklıkları katlara göre değişmiştir. Genel olarak, büyüyen embriyonun artık belirgin biçimde ısı ürettiği bu geç dönemde iri yumurtalarda ve üst katta yer alan yumurtalarda daha yüksek kabuk sıcaklıkları belirlenmiştir. Alt kattaki hafif yumurtalar, diğer tüm kombinasyonlardaki yumurtalardan daha düşük kabuk sıcaklığı değerlerine sahip olmuşlardır. Son dönem embriyonik ölümler ağır yumurtalarda önemli ölçüde daha yüksek bulunmuştur.

In this study, the eggs produced in uncontrolled village conditions were compared to free-range, organic and cage-system in two seasons, in autumn and spring, in terms of external and internal quality traits. In the autumn and spring period, 110 eggs were collected from the village eggs and 50 eggs from other production systems. In order to determine the fertility in the village eggs, 60 eggs were placed in a laboratory type incubator in both seasons and fertility control was made at the 18th day. All data of egg quality traits were performed by taking the average of the two seasons. Egg shape index, shell ratio, shell thickness, shell cleanness, shell defects, albumen and yolk traits differed significantly among production systems (P < 0.05). The lowest shape index, shell thickness and shell cleanness were found in village eggs. Higher shell rates were determined from eggs in cage and organic production compared to others (P < 0.05). The yolk height and yolk index were the lowest and the yolk colors were the darkest in the white cage eggs (P < 0.05). Brown cage eggs showed the better results in the majority of their quality traits. However, they had a higher meat and blood-spot level than other systems. In addition, the presence of cockerels in the village flocks caused the fertile eggs and approximately 85% fertility was obtained. Our results showed that it has become obvious that the village hen and free range hen eggs which can be marketed in high prices compared to the commercial eggs, have no superiority in terms of the traits they are considered. Besides, as they are significantly fertile, especially in hot summer months, according to storage duration and conditions, the probability of embryo development for these eggs has turned to be of high importance for consumption.

Bu çalışmanın amacı Burdur ilinde süt sığırcılığı ile birlikte bitkisel üretim yapan işletmelerin, gübre olarak ahır gübresi kullanımlarının farklı işletme büyüklükleri düzeyinde ekonomik analizini yapmaktır. Araştırmanın verileri süt sığırcılığı ile birlikte bitkisel üretim yapan 102 işletmeden anket yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; işletme büyüklüğü arttıkça işletmelerin bitkisel üretimlerinde ihtiyaçları olan bitki besin maddesini, hayvan gübresinden karşılama oranlarının arttığı belirlenmiştir. Ahır gübresinden besin maddesi ihtiyacının karşılanma oranı Grup I, II ve işletmeler ortalaması için sırasıyla; %29,9, %58,9 ve %45,2 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çiftçilerin gübre olarak ahır gübresi kullandıklarında, Grup I, II ve işletmeler ortalaması için sırasıyla 51,8, 107,1 ve 80,6 TL/dekar tasarruf sağladıkları hesaplanmıştır. Bu sonuçlar ahır gübresi kullanımının çiftçiler için ekonomik olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, işletmelerde fazla kimyasal gübre kullanımı ile ilişkili olarak besin maddesi kayıplarının olduğu saptanmıştır. İhtiyaç fazlası kimyasal gübre kullanımından dolayı ortaya çıkan besin maddesi kayıpları (fazlalıkları) Grup I, II ve işletmeler ortalaması için sırasıyla 7,1, 15,9 ve 11,8 kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Fazla bitki besin maddesi kullanımından dolayı ortaya çıkan ekonomik kayıp Grup I, II ve işletmeler ortalaması için sırasıyla 65,1, 152,6 ve 110,6 TL olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma bölgesinde ahır gübresi ve kimyasal gübre kullanımında ve yönetiminde çiftçilerin bilgi düzeylerinin yetersiz olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Ahır gübresi kullanımından önce çözülmesi gereken önemli bir sorun, çiftçileri toprak analizinin önemi hakkında bilgilendirmektir.

Natural products play an important role in medicine. They have been used extensively in folk medicine to treat various illnesses. In this work, quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in methanol, acetonitrile and dichloromethane extracts of Rosa canina L. waste seeds were investigated by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) LC-MS/MS. Mineral analysis of R. canina seeds was determined by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Fe, Mn, K and Zn were found as chief elements. Quantitative analysis revealed that catechin was the major flavonoid in all extracts. This work offers a viewpoint for recycling the R. canina waste seeds into the economy due to their bioactive content.