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Antibiotic Residues in Filtered Honeys Full text
2020
Sema Ağaoğlu | Süleyman Alemdar | Nazlı Ercan
Antibiotic Residues in Filtered Honeys Full text
2020
Sema Ağaoğlu | Süleyman Alemdar | Nazlı Ercan
In this study, tetracycline and streptomycin group antibiotic residues were investigated in packaged and open sold honey. For this purpose, a total of 60 honey samples, which were 30 of each were used as material. Honey samples were taken from various sales places located in Sivas province. ELISA method was used for the analysis and commercial test kits were used. According to the analysis results; tetracycline was found in 73.3% (22 samples) of the packaged honey and streptomycin was found in all samples. Tetracycline and streptomycin were determined as positive in open honeys were respectively 60% (18 samples) and 93.3% (28 samples). Tetracycline levels were between 0.12-371.43 ppb (mean 13.91 ± 12.33) in packaged honey and 0.02-13.32 ppb (mean 1.75 ± 0.5) in open honeys. Streptomycin levels were 1.30-250.2 ppb (mean 25.8 ± 10.8) in packaged honey and 0.19-22.71 ppb (mean 8.21 ± 5.2) in open honeys. Antibiotic residue was not found in one sample of open honeys. The findings suggest that, although illegal, some medicines are used in beekeeping or that bees are exposed to antibiotics that are added to the feed or water of other animals. These findings pose a potential risk to the consumer.
Show more [+] Less [-]Genotype by environment interactions for damage caused by Diatraea spp. borers in sugarcane Full text
2018
Rea-Suárez, Ramón | Figueredo, Luis | Sousa-Vieira, Orlando De | Briceño, Rosaura | Diaz, Alida | Aza, Gregoryd | George, Jose
Resumen Los taladradores de la caña de azúcar Diatraea spp. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) son importantes plagas de la caña de azúcar en Venezuela. El uso de cultivares resistentes forma parte del manejo integrado para el control de esos insectos en muchos países. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron evaluar un grupo de genotipos de caña de azúcar a los daños de Diatraea spp. en varios ambientes y determinar la interacción entre los daños causados por el complejo de insectos del genero Diatraea y los componentes de rendimiento. Los datos fueron recolectados en cinco localidades evaluadas por el programa venezolano de mejoramiento de la caña de azúcar. Veinte genotipos fueron evaluados al daño de Diatraea spp. en cinco localidades en un diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. La tasa de intensidad de infestación (II) causada por Diatraea spp. fue analizada mediante los modelos AMMI y GGE biplot. Los genotipos más recomendados por su estabilidad, buen rendimiento y menor daño por taladradores del tallo a través de los ambientes fueron: V99-236, V00-50 y V99-190. El cultivar CP74-2005 fue el más afectado por el daño de Diatraea spp. a través de las localidades. La intensidad de la infestación (II) y el índice de daño (ID) estuvieron altamente asociados. Altas tasas de intensidad de infestación (II) e índice de daño (ID) causado por Diatraea afectaron el Pol % caña de los genotipos. | Abstract Diatraea spp. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) or sugarcane stem borers are important sugarcane pests in Venezuela. The use of resistant cultivars is part of an integrated management to control these insects in many countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate a group of sugarcane genotypes for Diatraea damage in several environments, and to assess the interaction among damage caused by Diatraea and yield components. Data were collected from five sugarcane field trials located in plots belonging to the Venezuelan Sugarcane Breeding Program. Twenty genotypes were evaluated for Diatraea damage in a completely randomized block design with three replicates. AMMI and GGE biplot analyses were executed for infestation intensity (II). Genotypes that showed best stability, good yield and low damage from Diatraea spp. across environments were V99-236, V00-50 and V99-190. Cultivar CP74-2005 was the most affected by injuries of sugarcane stem borers throughout locations. Intensity of infestation (II) and index of damage (ID) were highly associated. Furthermore, high intensity of infestation (II) and index of damage (ID) caused by Diatraea disturbed the Pol % cane of the genotypes.
Show more [+] Less [-]Virtual Analysis on Proximate Body Composition of Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala Full text
2020
Muhammad Atif Sikandar | Zaigham Hassan | Abdul Basit | Raees Khan | Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
Virtual Analysis on Proximate Body Composition of Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala Full text
2020
Muhammad Atif Sikandar | Zaigham Hassan | Abdul Basit | Raees Khan | Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala are the two Indian major carps and chief components of polyculture system in the local population. Proximate body composition is the analysis of water, fat, protein and ash contents of fish. Values are vary considerably within and between species, size, sexual condition, feeding season and physical activity. The percentage of water is a good indicator of its relative contents of energy, proteins and lipids. Determination of some proximate profiles such as protein content, lipid, ash and other nutrients is often necessary to ensure that they are within the range of dietary requirement and commercial specifications. Based on this background the present study was aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of some major craps (Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) fishes of Peshawar Carp Hatchery and training centre Sherabad. The proximate composition of Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala samples were determined and data was evaluated statistically by performing t-test through Sigma Plot and graphs were made by using Graph Pad Prism. The average value of crude protein for Cirrhinus mrigala was found higher than Labeo rohita (51.7% and 39.04%) similarly the water contents were also found higher in Cirrhinus mrigala than Labeo rohita (75.88% and 73.95%). The average value of dry matter and muscle fats contents were lowered in Cirrhinus mrigala than Labeo rohita (24.11% and 26.04%) and (13.00% and 13.45%) respectively. However, the ash contents were similar in both of experimental species (23.91% and 23.93%). From these results, it is concluded that both Cirrhinus mrigala than Labeo rohita are very proteineous and have low fats contents so it is very good for the health of consumers. Further research is recommended on the other parameters and miss rays of this work.
Show more [+] Less [-]Evaluación de doce materiales de cebolla de bulbo (Allium cepa L.) para deshidratación Full text
1986
Gallego S., Daniel | Sandoval A., Héctor L. | Palacios V., Yolanda
The objective of this assay was the introduction of materials of bulb's onion (Allium cepa L.), for short day, to dehydrate. Observations to determinate their field behavior, and laboratories analysis to determinate their industrial characteristics were realized. | El objetivo del ensayo fue la introducción de materiales de cebolla de bulbo (Allium cepa L.) de día corto para la deshidratación. Se realizaron observaciones de campo y análisis de laboratorio para determinar sus cualidades industriales.
Show more [+] Less [-]Structural Characteristics, Mechanization Applications, Problems and Solution Suggestions of Poultry Houses of Broiler Chickens in Bolu Central District Full text
2020
Kerem Aytimur | Ebubekir Altuntaş | Sedat Karaman
In this study, structural characteristics, mechanization applications, problems and solution suggestions of poultry houses of broiler chickens in Bolu central district were investigated. The surveys were conducted in a total of 200 broilers in 8 villages (Oğulduruk, Taps, Değirmenbeli, Çivril, Banaz, Yakuplar, Vakıfgeçitveren and Çaygökpınar) where the broiler production of the central district of Bolu was intensively produced. The field work for the surveys was conducted in February-April 2018. In the broiler houses surveyed in the central district of Bolu, it was determined that the capacity was generally in the range of 5.000 ≤ Capacity < 20.000 (74%), and nearly all of the houses (96.5%) were in the east-west direction. It was determined that the concrete materials are used in the foundations of all the houses examined, and %79 Sandwich panel on the walls and 86.5% of the poultry houses are used mechanical ventilated, in 70% of the poultry houses have 9 and more fans for ventilation, and in all of the poultry house are used luminaires for illumination.It was determined that 91.5% of the poultry houses had a tractor, 96% of the poultry houses had full automatic watering, and nipple drinker with lifting system was used and 87.5% of the poultry houses had honeycomb (Ped) application. It was determined that the number of animals placed in 1 m² was 16-18 (42.5%). It was determined that 15.5% of the problem, 13% of deficiency of information with the broiler houses, 20% of credit and debt problems. Then, there should be a solution to the problem of disease among the producer problems in the enterprises examined and the credit facilities should be improved. In addition, manufacturers need to be informed according to new technological developments in information deficiencies.
Show more [+] Less [-]The Effects of Water Deficiency on Plant and Tuber Growth of Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var gongylodes) Full text
2020
Kamile Ulukapı | Yusuf Kacar
Kohlrabi, which has increased production in our country in recent years, is a vegetable with high water consumption. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different irrigation levels on plant and tuber growth and determine the appropriate irrigation level. In this study, vegetative growth and some tuber quality parameters of two different kohlrabi cultivars (Korist F1, Kolibri F1) at 4 different irrigation levels (I100 I75, I50, I25) were investigated. The experiment was carried out in unheated greenhouse as a pot experiment in April-June with three replicates and 10 plants per replicate. At the end of the experiment; number of leaves, leaf width (mm), leaf length (mm), tuber diameter (cm), tuber height (cm), tuber weight (g), tuber pH, total soluble solid content of the tuber and chlorophyll index were measured. The growth curves of the tubers were drawn and potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and sodium (Na) contents of the tubers were determined. In Kolibri F1, the highest tuber weight was obtained from the I75 irrigated plants with an average of 369.59 g. In Korist F1, the highest tuber weight was obtained from I100 applied plants with an average of 362.25 g. Especially in terms of tuber development, I100 has provided better results in water deficiency application. However, according to the results of the analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between I100 and I75 irrigation levels. It was determined that I75 irrigation level could be applied for kohlrabi cultivars in April-June cultivation period in Antalya conditions.
Show more [+] Less [-]Mathematical Modelling of Thin Layer Drying of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Varieties at Different Temperatures Full text
2020
Muhammed Taşova | Hakan Polatcı | Mahir Özkurt
In this study, the average drying times of the Frigos, Bilensoy, Nimet and Prosementi alfalfa varieties were determined by drying in a convective dryer (50, 60 and 70°C) and in the open (sun). In addition, the most suitable thin layer drying models were determined, which are important in controlling the drying processes and developing new product-specific dryers. In drying processes, the moisture content of the product was dried up to 10% compared to the wet base. The first moisture contents of the specified varieties according to the wet base are respectively; 76.20, 75.88, 76.13 and 75.07%. In drying processes, it was determined that drying method and temperatures changed average drying times. The longest drying times were determined in the Frigos variety, which was laid in the sun and dried. When the Frigos variety was dried in the oven at 50, 60 and 70°C, the average drying times were determined as 11, 10 and 6 hours. Time-dependent moisture ratios were determined, processed in thin layer drying models and the mathematical model that best predicts drying curves was determined. While creating curves, Page, Midilli, Yağcıoğlu models were used. While acceptable reliability values were found as in all models, among the models, the highest stability value (R2) was found by Midilli was found in equality.
Show more [+] Less [-]A Laboratory Evaluation for the Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Full text
2020
Muhammad Akmal | Shoaib Freed | Muhammad Bilal | Muhammad Naeem Malik
A Laboratory Evaluation for the Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Full text
2020
Muhammad Akmal | Shoaib Freed | Muhammad Bilal | Muhammad Naeem Malik
The red flour beetle is a very important primary insect pest of wheat worldwide. The experiments were performed to check the virulence of Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea by insect dipping method on the adults and 2nd instar of Tribolium castaneum. Conidia were taken from 15 days old fungi and subsequently four concentrations i.e., 2×108, 3×108, 4×108 and 5×108 spores/ml of both fungi were prepared in 0.05% Tween 80 solution. Minimum 12.5% and maximum 32.5% mortality of adult insects was recorded on 7th day after the treatment at 2×108 and 5×108 spores/ml concentrations of B. bassiana, respectively while on larval stages, minimum 2.5% on 5th day and maximum 80.0% mortality was observed on 7th day post treatment of B. bassiana, respectively. On the other side, minimum 7.5 and maximum 22.5 mortality percentage was noted on 7th day post application of I. fumosorosea, respectively while on immatures minimum 5% on 6th day and highest 70% mortality was noted on 7th day post infection with 2×108 and 5×108 spores/ml of I. fumosorosea, correspondingly. This study showed the effectiveness of insect pathogenic fungi against the important stored grain insect pest and proved to be a positive management strategy.
Show more [+] Less [-]Metodología para la selección de líneas de fríjol Phaseolus vulgaris L. por estrés de temperatura a nivel microgametofítico Full text
1990
Vásquez, L.M. | Montes Rojas, C | White, Jeffrey W. | Roca, W.
Los trabajos realizados en varias especies de plantas revelan que una porción significativa de los genes que se expresan en el esporofito también lo hacen en el grano de polen, en consecuencia la presión de selección a nivel de polen debe conducir a modificaciones en caracteres cualitativos o cuantitativos de las progenies derivadas. Para comprobar esta hipótesis en fríjol se estudió el efecto de estrés por temperaturas altas sobre granos de polen, en tres variedades de Phaseolus vulgaris L. y sus generaciones F1 y F2 mediante las técnicas de germinación "in vitro" y polinización controlada con polen estresado. El porcentaje de germinación " in vitro" estuvo inversamente relacionada con el nivel de estrés por temperaturas altas y el tiempo de exposición al estrés. 50°C resultó ser la temperatura a la cual el polen que se había sometido a estrés durante sesenta minutos presentó disminución considerable en su germinación. No se detectó avance para tolerancia a altas temperaturas a nivel de microgametofito cuando se evaluó germinabilidad de polen entre progenies. Un avance en la selección a nivel de microgametofito se puede lograr trabajando con mayores cantidades de polen lo que dará la oportunidad de seleccionar por vigor, además es importante explorar el origen de la variabilidad en la germinación de polen dentro de un material en la fase de floración.
Show more [+] Less [-]Metodología para la selección de líneas de fríjol Phaseolus vulgaris L. por estrés de temperatura a nivel microgametofítico Full text
2014
jeffrey w. white | william m. roca | c montes rojas | l.m. vásquez
Los trabajos realizados en varias especies de plantas revelan que una porción significativa de los genes que se expresan en el esporofito también lo hacen en el grano de polen, en consecuencia la presión de selección a nivel de polen debe conducir a modificaciones en caracteres cualitativos o cuantitativos de las progenies derivadas. Para comprobar esta hipótesis en fríjol se estudió el efecto de estrés por temperaturas altas sobre granos de polen, en tres variedades de Phaseolus vulgaris L. y sus generaciones F1 y F2 mediante las técnicas de germinación "in vitro" y polinización controlada con polen estresado. El porcentaje de germinación " in vitro" estuvo inversamente relacionada con el nivel de estrés por temperaturas altas y el tiempo de exposición al estrés. 50°C resultó ser la temperatura a la cual el polen que se había sometido a estrés durante sesenta minutos presentó disminución considerable en su germinación. No se detectó avance para tolerancia a altas temperaturas a nivel de microgametofito cuando se evaluó germinabilidad de polen entre progenies. Un avance en la selección a nivel de microgametofito se puede lograr trabajando con mayores cantidades de polen lo que dará la oportunidad de seleccionar por vigor, además es importante explorar el origen de la variabilidad en la germinación de polen dentro de un material en la fase de floración | L.M. Vásquez, C Montes Rojas, Jeffrey W. White, William M. Roca, 'Metodología para la selección de líneas de fríjol Phaseolus vulgaris L. por estrés de temperatura a nivel microgametofítico', Acta Agronómica, 2014
Show more [+] Less [-]Metodología para la selección de líneas de fríjol Phaseolus vulgaris L. por estrés de temperatura a nivel microgametofítico Full text
1990
Vásquez, Luz Marina | Montes Rojas, Consuelo | White, Jeffrey W. | Roca, William M.
Studies of various plant species have shown that a significant portion of the genes that are expressed in the sporophyte are also expressed in the microgametophyte (pollen grain). Consequently, selection pressure applied to pollen may aid in the modification of qualitative or quantitative characters of the derived progeny. To verify this hypothesis in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), a study of the effect of high temperature stress on pollen grain in three cultivars in F1 and F2 generations was conducted by means of "in vitro" germination techniques and controlled pollinization with stressed pollen. In vitro germination was inversely related with the level and duration of high temperature stress. As 50°C the stressed pollen showed considerable decrease in germination. Evaluation of germination of pollen between progenies showed no increase in tolerance to high temperature of microgametophytes. Greater progress in selection of microgametophytes be obtained using larger quantities of pollens, which would provide greater opportunity to select for vigor. The origen of the variability in the germination of pollen in cultivars in the flowering period should also be examined. | Los trabajos realizados en varias especies de plantas revelan que una porción significativa de los genes que se expresan en el esporofito también lo hacen en el grano de polen, en consecuencia la presión de selección a nivel de polen debe conducir a modificaciones en caracteres cualitativos o cuantitativos de las progenies derivadas. Para comprobar esta hipótesis en fríjol se estudió el efecto de estrés por temperaturas altas sobre granos de polen, en tres variedades de Phaseolus vulgaris L. y sus generaciones F1 y F2 mediante las técnicas de germinación "in vitro" y polinización controlada con polen estresado. El porcentaje de germinación " in vitro" estuvo inversamente relacionada con el nivel de estrés por temperaturas altas y el tiempo de exposición al estrés. 50°C resultó ser la temperatura a la cual el polen que se había sometido a estrés durante sesenta minutos presentó disminución considerable en su germinación. No se detectó avance para tolerancia a altas temperaturas a nivel de microgametofito cuando se evaluó germinabilidad de polen entre progenies. Un avance en la selección a nivel de microgametofito se puede lograr trabajando con mayores cantidades de polen lo que dará la oportunidad de seleccionar por vigor, además es importante explorar el origen de la variabilidad en la germinación de polen dentro de un material en la fase de floración.
Show more [+] Less [-]Determination of the Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity and Flavonoid Content of the Essential Oils of Cedrus libani and Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana Full text
2020
Ayşe Nur Demirci | Nazan Çömlekçioğlu | Ashabil Aygan
Essential oil composition, antimicrobial activity and flavonoid contents of leaf-fruits of Cedrus libani and Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana were determined with GC-MS, disc diffusion method and HPLC in three different period. When the essential oil composition of leaf and fruits of P. nigra ssp pallasiana collected in April, July and September, major components were α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, β-caryophyllene ve germacrene-D. On the other hand, additionally to these contents, myrcene and α–terpineol were also detected in C. libani. According to HPLC analysis, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, naringin and resveratrol flavonoids were detected in different proportions. While rutin (154.33 µg g-) and resveratrol (20.02 µg g-) has the highest ratio in C. libani, quercetin (9.65 µg g-) and naringin (9.31 µg g-) were detected in P. nigra subsp. pallasiana along with rutin (39.66 µg g-). According to the antimicrobial activity results the essential oils of C. libani obtained in April has produced higher activity than that of July and September. On the contrary, the essential oils from P. nigra subsp. pallasina have produced the best antimicrobial activity on September compared to April and July. As a result, C. libani and P. nigra subsp. pallasiana essential oils have a composition showing antimicrobial activity and their harvesting season should be determined for the best and effective content.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effect of Extraction Conditions on the Phenolic Content and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of Hypericum perforatum L. Full text
2020
Fadime Seyrekoğlu | Hasan Temiz
In this study, various extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. were investigated in terms of their extraction yields. For this purpose, five solvent systems including 70%EtOH-30% H2O (A), 50%EtOH-50% H2O (B), 30%EtOH-70% H2O (C), 100% EtOH (D), and 100% H2O (E) were used. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used for extraction and extraction processes were performed at different temperatures (30°-70oC) and extraction times (30-70 min.). The optimum extraction conditions for H. perforatum was determined based on extraction yield, total phenolic contents, and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the crude extracts, as well. The best ultrasound extraction conditions are achieved in the presence of 70%EtOH-30% H2O solvent system, for 40 min, at 30°C for H. perforatum.
Show more [+] Less [-]The Maximum Length Record of the Blackspot Seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo Brünnich, 1768) for the Entire Aegean Sea and Turkish Territorial Waters Full text
2020
Şenol Paruğ | Özgür Cengiz
The maximum length, weight, and age information of organisms in an ecosystem, moreover, the first records of migrated exotic species are essential in terms of the basis for the studies on population dynamics, stock assessment, and biological activities. Therefore, the recording of such data may be necessary for scientific databases and new related studies. The Blackspot seabream (Red seabream - Pagellus bogaraveo), which belongs to the Sparidae family, is an important seafood which is marketed fresh and frozen around the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas. Nowadays, this species has high prices depending on market demands in domestic markets as a result of overfishing and is also cultured in northern Spain. It is classified as “Near Threatened Species” in the red list due to its decreasing population trend by the IUCN. A single specimen of the Blackspot seabream with 30.7 cm in total length and 390.00 g in total weight, which was angled in the Saros Bay with a handline by a fisherman on February 08, 2019, was obtained from a fishmonger in Çanakkale. Even though there are bigger individuals in the North-east Atlantic probably depending on polar and/or deep-sea gigantism, the mentioned measurement is the proven maximum total length of this species for the Aegean Sea up to the time.
Show more [+] Less [-]Consumers’ Preference and Perception of the Different Broiler Housing and Feeding Systems Among Staff and Students in a State University (Eskişehir Osmangazi University) Full text
2020
Canan Kop Bozbay
In this study, an investigation of the preference and perception of the different broiler housing and feeding systems among staff and students of Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey was undertaken. A structured questionnaire was administered with a face-to-face to 790 randomly selected respondents [257 academic staff (academicians), 166 non-academic staff (worker with a secondary school national graduate diploma) and 367 undergraduate students (students)]. Most respondents preferred chicken (63.3%) and beef (32.0%) meats to fish meat (4.7%). The number of academicians preferred broiler meat (16.8%) was lower than those of students (52.6%) and workers (30.6%). There were significant differences among respondents in terms of preference and perception of different production sources of chicken meat. The proportion of academicians who preferred conventional broiler meat (68.2%) was higher than students (25.4%) and workers (6.4%). The impact of mediatic information (disinformation) about broiler meat relating to ingredients and/or feed additives used in broiler nutrition was higher on academics and students compared to workers. The results of the study indicated that as the level of education increases, the negative perception increased due to false media reports about chicken meat production and subsequently, the preference for chicken meat decreased.
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