Events such as oxidative stress caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) are a serious condition because they negatively affect many organs. Alternative treatment options for this type of injury are quite limited. In this study, we planned to investigate the effect of oxidative damage on the spleen tissue of rats with spinal cord damage and the protective role of valproic acid (VPA) in this damage. Sixteen Wistar albino rats were divided into two equal groups. No treatment was administered to the rats in Group 1 (SCI-(Control), but a single dose of 300 mg/kg intraperitoneally VPA was administered to the rats in Group 2 (SCI-VPA). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were examined as markers of oxidative stress in spleen tissues taken after decapitation of rats. VPA treatment increased the SOD and TAS level but decreased the TOS level, indicating improved oxidative damage and impaired enzymatic antioxidant levels in spleen tissue homogenate damaged by SCI. We have observed that VPA, which has many beneficial properties, has a significant healing effect on spleen tissue affected by SCI-induced oxidative stress.

In this research; the current situation and problems of the cold storages in the province of Van have been studied. In this direction, 21 cold storages registered in Directorate of Van Provincial Agriculture and Forestry were visited and on-site investigations were made. The findings obtained as a result of the surveys made with their owners by considering the features of the cold storages such as the structural and mechanization status, the type of stored product have been effective in identifying problems and suggesting solutions. It is used for white meat and eggs 29% of cold storages, 29% for milk and dairy products, 29% for red meat and 13% for fruit and vegetable storage. In addition, there are 17 fruit and vegetable warehouses, 13 of which are unused, that are not registered in Directorate of Van Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, and these were excluded from the research because they were not registered. The most important problems in warehouses were experienced during the Covid- 19 pandemic process. Lack of the technical capacity, machinery and equipment, qualified personnel, the marketing problems, maintenance and repair, rent, electricity and water expenses are the main ones. Improvement of its structural properties, modern mechanization device, establishment of unions that will enable warehouse owners to act together, eliminating the lack of qualified personnel with Van Yuzuncu Yil University, one of the most important educational institutions in the region and measures to increase export potential will play an important role in solving the problems.

40 samples of tahini halva from 5 different firms, in 4 distinct varieties—plain, hazelnut, carob, and vanilla—were gathered for this study from producers in the provinces of Balikesir and Bursa as well as from commercial markets. Samples were taken from two different lot numbers for each company. As a result of the analyzes made on the tahini halva samples, it was determined that the total amount of sesame oil varied between 24.67-38.87%, the total amount of tahini ranged between 59.34-69.7%, the total moisture amount was between 0.1-0.9%, the total ash amount was 0.089-3.16%, and the total salt amount was between 0.001-0.024%; as a result of microbiological cultivations in which the presence of yeast and mold were analyzed, an average of 10 cfu/g in plain tahini halva samples, an average of 90 cfu/g in hazelnut tahini halva samples, an average of 45 cfu/g in carob tahini halva samples, and an average of 25 cfu/g in vanilla tahini halva samples were determined. All samples of tahini halva were found to be free of contamination with Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli. When all of these findings were taken into consideration, it was found that one of the sampled firms did not produce in accordance with the Turkish Food Codex Communique on Tahini Halva (2015/28) in terms of total sesame oil (%) and ash content (%) of two companies. Combined, the findings of the chemical and microbiological analyses indicate that 85% of the samples were prepared in line with the TFC.

Agriculture must be necessary and sustainable for the continuity of human beings. For sustainable agriculture, productive crops can be made with good irrigation in productive crops and conscious irrigation in good irrigation. A survey was conducted with 111 producers in the central district of Tokat province to determine the factors affecting conscious irrigation and conscious irrigation. In the research, first of all, the socio-demographic structure of the producers was determined: it was determined that the producers with an active working population had a low level of education. In the second part of the research, irrigation information was tried to be determined and it was observed that most of the producers were doing salman irrigation. In the third part of the research, irrigation awareness was tried to be determined by using the scoring method of the producers and it was determined that 24% of the producers were in the category with a high level of awareness. In the last part, the factors affecting irrigation awareness were determined with the help of the ordered probit model. As a result, it has been determined that there is a linear relationship between the level of awareness of the producers, their educational status and membership in the irrigation union.

This study entitled was conducted in 3 places of Dolakha district namely Boach, Jiri and Bigu. The study was conducted during 20thjuly to 6th September 2017. The main aim of this study was to find out whether kiwi farming is improving household economy of people living there (i.e. Boach, Jiri and Bigu) using various tools such as questionnaire, discussion, direct observation and review of literature. A total of 60 households were randomly selected for the study. Both male and female were found to be involved in kiwi cultivation. About 60 percent and 40 percent of respondents were male and female respectively. 20 percent respondent were illiterate, 38 percent people have primary level education, 17 percent were people having secondary and S.L.C. level education respectively, similarly, the respondent completing Inter were 8 percent. Kiwi was the major cash crop in the study area and the widely used variety in the study site was Monti. Agriculture is the major occupation followed by Government job, Business and others. 47 percent were involved in agriculture, 30 percent were involved in government job, 13 percent have Business and 10 percent follow other jobs like (Teaching, Driving, Abroad). Among 60 respondents 50 percent were cultivating kiwi in 1-5 ropani of land and minimum was 12 percent who cultivated kiwi in above 15 ropani area. Training related to kiwi cultivation was also given to the respondent. 47 percent respondents were trained in kiwi cultivation and 53 percent were not trained about it. Training was organized and conducted by DADO and some other organization who were concerned about agriculture. Kiwi was mostly sold to nearest local market by the farmers themselves. Kiwi cultivation was also helping farmers in economic part. The study shows that there is an improvement of household economy and livelihood by kiwi farming.

Recently the demand for functional food components such as prebiotics, probiotics, and phenolic compounds are increased. Nowadays, β-glucan, dietary fiber, and biologically active natural polysaccharide, exhibit properties like a prebiotic effect and immune system support. Furthermore, clinical studies have shown that daily intake of 250-500 mg β-glucan has several benefits on the immune system, showing low glycemic index, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose monomers connected with β-glycoside bonds, found in natural sources like yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), some edible mushrooms, algae, and cereal grains. β-Glucan is more resistant and preserves its stability during food processing technologies (drying, freezing, etc.). Especially, β-glucan originated from baker's yeast (S. cerevisiae) has many immunostimulatory properties, such as hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Also, the utilization of β-glucan in the food industry has increased regarding to their techno-functional properties like gelation, viscosity, solubility, and encapsulating agent. Therefore, this review highlights recently published research results on the functional properties, health benefits and clinical studies, the effects on the interaction with the other food compounds, and the potential food applications of β-glucans.

In recent years, it has gained importance to develop models to determine the contribution of parks to reducing the temperature together with their surroundings. ENVI-met, which is used for this purpose, allows simulations for different conditions/materials with projections over many years. This study aims to determine the temperature levels arising from the surface materials and the projections of long years in the near areas of Cumhuriyet Park in Çukurova District of Adana. The study consists of 3 stages. In the first stage, information about the subject was gathered together. In the second stage, modeling was carried out using ENVI-Met 4.4.5 climatic simulation software in order to determine the temperature levels caused by different materials in the study area. The scenario for the future has been put forward. The data obtained in the third stage of the study were evaluated and suggestions were presented. As a result of the study, it was determined that Cumhuriyet Park, which is one of the important green areas of Çukurova district, contributed significantly to the decrease in the temperature level around it. This contribution is felt more intensely especially in the immediate vicinity of the park. It has been shown that the effect decreases with distance from the park. In the scenario put forward at the end of the 28-year period, it is predicted that the temperature level of the parking area will increase by approximately 2.4°C. This study reveals the importance of the selection of soil materials in preventing the warming of cities because of climate change experienced all over the world. In this context, local administrations attach importance to efforts to increase the quality of urban life; developing strategies in this regard is important for achieving results.

Bread is the basic nutrient that human beings have consumed for centuries. This is because it is affordable, nutritious and satisfying. The most consumed bread on a daily basis is white bread made from refined flours. Since white breads are made from flour that has been separated from the bran and germ, they are poor in other nutrients (dietary fiber, phenolic compounds and minor nutrients) with a high starch content. For this reason, studies on increasing the nutritional value and functionalization of white bread have attracted attention for years. In this study, the changes in physical, chemical, sensory and textural properties of bread were evaluated with the addition of purple cabbage, sorrel, capia pepper, pomegranate, pumpkin and cherry extracts to bread production. It was determined that the bread was enriched with phenolics with the addition of extracts (65% on flour basis) and the best sensory results were the breads with the addition of capia pepper extract.

Feed costs are of great importance for an economically and ecologically sustainable livestock, as they constitute approximately 60-70% of the costs in animal husbandry. As in the whole world, price increases were observed in feed raw materials depending on the supply-demand balance and pandemic conditions in our country, and this situation was also reflected in feed prices. For example, when the prices of broiler and egg feeds were analyzed between January and November 2021, an increase of 59.7% and 62.6% was observed, respectively. Feed mixes are prepared and fed in order to meet the daily nutritional needs of animals in an optimum way and at minimum cost. In order to meet this need, the research of alternative feed raw materials and their use in rations have been researched for many years. With this study, it was aimed to determine the nutritional composition of the processing by-products (rice broken, bean broken, chickpea broken, lentil broken, lentil bran, corn mix, bulgur bran, sub-semolina by-products) of food production factories and to reveal the possibilities of their use as alternative feed raw materials in animal nutrition. In addition, up-to-date data on the feed industry in Turkey were presented, and the importance of the orientation to alternative feed raw materials in terms of economy, product diversity and sustainability in Turkey and in the world was emphasized. Crude cellulose (HS) ratio of lentil bran, which is one of the under-sieve products, was found to be the highest numerically with 20.6%, followed by bulgur bran (12.7%). However, NDF and ADF contents were also found to be numerically high. Crude protein values were found to be the highest numerically in legume products (21.83%), beans (20.58%) and lentils (24.15%) among the processed residues. In addition, it will be useful to determine the usage rates in the ration, taking into account the anti-nutritional properties of each product.

In this study, it was aimed to increase grain yield and grain zinc content by foliar application of zinc in different soybean varieties. In this study, umut-2002, altınay and cinsoy cultivars were used as material and foliar zinc application (0-60 kg ha-1) was applied to these cultivars. In the study, plant height, first pod height, leaf chlorophyll content, number of pods per plant, number of pods per pod, 100-seed weight, grain yield, grain protein content and grain zinc ratio were measured. This increase was also observed in grain protein content and grain zinc content. Among the varieties, the highest grain yield was obtained from the Umut-2002 variety, while the highest protein content was measured from the Altıny variety.