Çeltik, dünya nüfusunun yarısından fazlası için temel gıda kaynağı olan en önemli tahıl ürünlerinden biridir. Artan dünya nüfusunu sürdürülebilir bir şekilde besleyebilmek adına, tarımsal sulama yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi ve su kaynaklarının verimli kullanımı üzerine çalışmaların yoğunlaşması gerekliliği giderek artmaktadır. Çeltik bitkisinin sulanan tarım alanlarının %34-43'ünü kullandığı tahmin edilmektedir. Küresel ölçekte su kaynakları hızla azalmaktadır ve çeltik üretiminde ihtiyaç duyulan toplam sulama suyu miktarı; kullanılan çeltik çeşidi, toprağın özellikleri ve ekim yöntemleri gibi çeşitli faktörlere göre farklılık göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, Tesadüf Blokları deneme desenine göre düzenlenmiştir. Çalışmada 2 çeltik çeşidi, 2 farklı sulama yöntemi (Geleneksel ve Alternatif tava ıslatma kurutma) ve 3 farklı ekim yöntemi (Sulu, Kuruya ve Fideleme) seçilmiş ve araştırma üç tekrarlamalı olmak üzere 36 lizimetrede yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada çeltikle ilgili bitki boyu, ana sap kalınlığı, salkım uzunluğu, metrekaredeki bitki sayısı, tane verimi, bin tane ağırlığı, kırıklı randıman ve kırıksız randıman gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. İncelenen parametreler üzerine araştırma konularının istatistiksel olarak etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tane verimi açısından su uygulamasında geleneksel sulama ile alternatif ıslatma kurutma sulama yöntemi arasında %25 oranında tane verimin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ekim yöntemleri açısından ise, sulu ekim, kuru ekim ve fideleme yöntemleri birbirini takip etmiştir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda en yüksek tane veriminin suya ekim yönteminde ve geleneksel sulama ile elde edildiği tespit edilmiştir.

The research was conducted to assess the growth performance of different crossbred sheep at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka. In the crossbreeding program, Perendale, Dorper and Damara breed were considered as sire and BLRI improved native sheep (BNS) was used as dam. The production performance of assorted F1 progeny were evaluated and compared with BLRI improved native sheep. Data analysis was carried out using Generalized Linear Model (GLM) procedure of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Each crossbred genotype outperformed native sheep in terms of live weights and Average Daily gain (ADG). The live weights (p<0.001 and p<0.01) and ADG (p<0.001) significantly influenced by genotype except the 6 months live weight. Seasonal effects were found non-significant on live weights and ADG except birth weight (p<0.05). Among the crossbreds, the highest birth weight was found in Dorper crossbred (2.37±0.13 kg) while 12 months live weight was found higher in Perendale crossbred (22.33±0.99 kg), respectively. In case of cumulative growth performance of male, the highest value was found in Damara crossbred while, Perendale crossbred female was found better compared to other crossbred. Major disease frequently occurred in crossbred sheep was diarrhea. The survivability rate (%) of crossbred sheep at lamb (0-3 months of age) and grower (3-8 months of age) stage were 92.55 and 90.8, respectively indicates positive influence on the crossbreeding program. Though, this is very first work regarding crossbred sheep, further research is needed in corporation with other economic trait associated with growth and reproduction to evaluate all the crossbred genotype as well as select a suitable crossbred for the production of commercial market lamb in Bangladesh.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are synthesized via a multitude of techniques, resulting in nanoparticles of varying sizes and morphologies that directly influence their antimicrobial efficacy. The objective of this study is to ascertain the particle size and morphology of ZnO-NPs synthesised via the hydrothermal method and to evaluate their in vitro antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes, which are important foodborne pathogens. The ZnO-NPs were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and the diameter of inhibition zones were measured against these pathogenic bacteria. The SEM images revealed that the ZnO-NPs exhibited a uniform distribution, with particle sizes ranging between 23 and 25 nm. The MIC and MBC values against the tested strains were found to range from 20.83 to 41.67 µg/mL and between 66.67- 83.33 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, the diameter of inhibition zones were ranged from 15.16 to 16.96 mm. The findings of the study demonstrated that ZnO-NPs s synthesized via the hydrothermal method exhibited antibacterial effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, the use of ZnO-NPs can facilitate the improvement of the microbiological quality of foods by the inhibition of foodborne patogens.

Today, the rapid increase in urbanization and the concentration of population density in urban centers have increased the need for individuals to be in touch with nature. In this context, urban use areas such as urban parks play an important role in meeting the physical and social needs of teenagers. Parks are not only spaces that encourage physical activity, but also spaces that increase social interaction, strengthen community ties and support physical activities. Ihlamur Park in Konya is an important living space where teenagers show great interest, offering various activities and social opportunities. However, detailed information on the purposes for which teenagers use the park and which features of the park encourage this use has not been fully identified. The aim of this study is to examine the purposes of the use of Ihlamur Park by teenagers and to identify the features of the park that encourage physical activity and social interaction. For the research, 116 teenagers were surveyed face-to-face on the basis of the law on the protection of personal data and voluntary participation of park users by visiting the area on random days on weekdays and weekends. The survey was carried out with the approval of the Ethics Committee of Selçuk University, Faculty of Architecture and Design. By determining the level of use of teenagers, it is the preparation of a resource that park users can reach. The research also provides a comprehensive evaluation to understand the park usage habits and motivations of teenagers, and in this context, it has contributed to the development of recommendations for the design and management of parks. Thus, the importance of park features that allow teenagers to lead a more active life and increase their social interactions is emphasized.

This research was conducted in 2020 to determine the effects of leonardite-derived humic acids (Humas-15, Liquid Humus and Humico Maximix-K) with different properties, along with reduced nitrogen fertilization, on tuber yield and quality in potatoes (cv. Van Gogh). In the study, chemical fertilizer applications were made as basic fertilization (20 N 10 P 10 K), reduced fertilization I (15 N 10 P 10 K) and reduced fertilization II (10 N 10 P 10 K). Humic acids were applied twice with irrigation water, at the beginning of the flowering period and 15 days later. Humas-15 and Liquid Humus were applied at 1.0 and 2.0 lt/da doses, and Humico Maximix-K was applied at 400 and 800 g/da doses. A total of seven traits (tuber number per plant, tuber yield per plant, marketable tuber yield, total tuber yield, dry matter content, reducing sugar content and total sugar content) were measured. Reducing nitrogen applications with humic acid applications significantly affected all the traits studied. Humic acid applications combined with reduced nitrogen fertilization increased the number of tubers per plant by up to 13%, marketable tuber yield by up to 18% and total tuber yield by up to 16% compared with the control. Total and reducing sugar contents varied between 1.27-1.58% and 159-389 mg/100g fw, respectively depending on the applications. In the study, the highest tuber yield was obtained from 1.0 and 2.0 L/da Humas-15 and 2.0 L/da Liquid Humus applications applied together with reducing nitrogen applications which have close values to the recommended fertilization applications.

Bu çalışma, BAP, IBA ve IAA hormonlarının 50 ve 100 ppm dozlarının Melissa officinalis L. (Oğulotu) bitkisinin büyüme ve biyokimyasal parametreleri üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme, sera koşullarında “Tam Şansa Bağlı Tesadüf Parselleri” deneme desenine göre üç tekrar ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmada; fide boyu, kök uzunluğu, fide yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları, klorofil a ve b, toplam karotenoidler, toplam fenolik maddeler ve antioksidan aktiviteler (CUPRAC ve FRAP) değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; kök yaş ağırlığı dışındaki büyüme parametrelerinde hormon uygulamalarının kontrole göre önemli etkisinin olduğu, fide boyu, yaş, kuru ağırlıkları ile kök kuru ağırlıklarında en yüksek sonuçlara IBA50 dozunda ulaşıldığı, kök uzunluğunda ise en yüksek değere BAP100 uygulamasında ulaşıldığı görülmüştür. Klorofil a, b ve total karotenoid parametrelerinde en yüksek değerler kontrol uygulamalarından, en yüksek antioksidan aktivite (FRAP) BAP100, en yüksek toplam fenolik madde miktarı ise IBA100 uygulamalarında ölçülmüştür.

Cattle manure (CM) is mostly used as an inoculum in order to start-up of agricultural biogas plants or as a co-substrate in the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic content. Rumen fluid microbiota is also considered to be effective in lignocellulose digestion. It is known that microorganisms in the ruminal waste facilitate the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic structures. However, there are few studies on the inoculum effect of rumen microorganisms on bioreactor performances when rumen content is used as co-substrate and inoculum together with cattle manure, and it is not clear how rumen waste can be used in various anaerobic digestion systems. In this study, biogas production efficiencies obtained from lignocellulosic content in mono and cosubstrate (1:1 and 1:2 Volatile Solids) bioreactors formed by using ruminal waste (RW) and CM microbial communities were investigated. In order to determine the biogas production efficiencies, biomethane potential (BMP) experiments that simulate anaerobic digestion process conditions in a laboratory environment were applied. Treatment with 50% application of RW cosubstrate, 65.51% biogas and 70.64% methane production efficiency increases were achieved compared to monosubstrate CM bioreactor.

Haor regions are inhabited by one of the most economically disadvantaged communities, which rely on agriculture and endure numerous challenges due to its vulnerability. This article analyzes the data obtained from Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), which were subsequently connected to prior publications to identify the nature of the agricultural land-related problems in the Netrokona Haor basin. Multiple concerns and their nature have been uncovered through the examination. Among those, difficulties in irrigation systems pose the greatest challenge for regional producers. Additional challenges encompass land fragmentation, pollution, erosion, fishing-related concerns, drainage infrastructure, and flood. This study discusses probable solutions with the directive to new research that claims collaborative venture through government and private agencies. Carefully designed research-based policy framework prioritizing strict implementation of existing laws is crucial to effectively mitigate the problem.

There is an increasing trend for development of alternatives to deliver probiotics with non-dairy products. Fruit juices have become one of main food products for delivery of probiotics. The availability of different fruit juice types, their fresh and healthy perception from the consumer's side and demand for plant-based products increase attention to fortification of fruit juices with probiotics. Yet, development of probiotic fruit juices is still an emerging area for the functional food concept. Probiotic juices can be developed by using both probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and their viability can be strain specific as well dependent on the utilized fruits. The transformation of the fruit components can play roles for the improvement of the potential health promoting functions of fruit juices which should be well-characterized. The insufficient viability of probiotic strains during shelf-life of fruit juices is one of the main challenges and efficient and relatively cheap encapsulation techniques should be developed to ensure their viability. In this study, recent achievements and developments to produce probiotic fruit juices have been summarized. Also, potential role of probiotic fortification for the health promoting functions of fruit juices related to probiotic metabolism has been discussed. Finally, strategies to increase the viability of distinct probiotics have been discussed.