Hair Goat is one of the native breeds of Turkey. There are 8 million head of Hair Goat in Turkey. Hair goat is well suited in harsh climate or poor pasture conditions and forests. They are kept usually for meat production. The body colour of Hair Goat ranges from white to black or brown. The male goats have more live weight than females. In this study, 2500 head of Hair Goats were collected in 2015 and 2016. Birth rate was 61.2 and 73.7% respectively. Twinning rate was 7.2 and 6.6% and infertility rate was 24.6 and 15.4% respectively. These results indicate low fertility rate of Hair Goats.

Parsley leaves (Petroselinum crispum L.) weighing 100 ± 0.09 g were dehydrated from moisture content of 82.24 ± 0.07% to 10.01 ± 0.02 % (wet basis) using the microwave (MD), convective (CD), solar oven (SOD), sun (SD) and natural (ND) drying. Drying in MD, CD, SOD, SD, and ND was completed at 18±1.15, 61±0.58, 255±10, 330±5.29, and 1530±11.55 min, respectively. The energy consumption of MD and CD was measured as 0.213±0.009 and 0.427±0.015 kWh, respectively. In microwave drying, 700 W microwave output power was applied while convective drying was used with 50°C temperature and 1m/s air velocity. The sun and solar oven drying processes were carried out under the same conditions at the same time. The average temperature of the system during the solar oven drying was 81.7±1.5°C whereas the airflow in the system was 0.5 m/s. The data obtained from the experiments were also modeled using twelve different thin-layer drying equations, and thus the theoretical data were obtained. According to these theoretical data, the best model in the microwave and natural drying was Alibas’s equation while the most suitable model in the solar and convective drying was modified Henderson and Pabis’s model. On the other hand, it was seen that the best model in the solar oven drying was the Page equation. As a result, considering both quality and drying parameters, it was determined that MD and SOD were the most suitable method for drying of parsley leaves.

Ethiopia’s agricultural production has been challenged by waterlogging, salinity, acidity, parasitic weed, and irrigation scheduling problems which has resulted in lower yields than the potential. Waterlogging is the main drainage problem in the small scale irrigation schemes in the Vertisols dominated highland areas while salinity and salinization is a common phenomenon in the large and medium scale irrigation schemes located in the lowlands of the country’s major river basins with predominantly salt affected soils. Soil acidity and associated low nutrient availability is one of the constraints to crop production on acid soils. Lime requirement for crops grown on acid soils is determined by the quality of liming material, status of soil fertility, crop species and varieties, crop management practices, and economic considerations. A considerable loss in growth and yield of many food and fodder crops is caused by root-parasitic flowering plants. Globally, Striga and Orobanche have a greater impact on human welfare than any other parasitic angiosperms because their hosts are subsistence crops in areas marginal for agriculture. In irrigated agriculture, efficient water management is an important element. Such practices can help bust sustainable production and maintain farm profitability in which there is limited water resource.

This research was conducted to determine the viticulture potential of Şırnak province. In the 6 districts including the provincial centre, an evaluation was made in terms of characteristics such as viticulture technique, cultivated varieties, pruning and cultivation forms, soil tillage, fertilization, disease and pest control and product usage methods. In addition, the climate and soil characteristics of the region were evaluated, and the viticulture profile of the province was revealed. As a result of the research, it was found that viticulture is essentially an important branch of agriculture in the province, especially in the province of Idil, but there is a decrease in the vineyard areas due to lack of care, terrorism etc. It is determined the tall of the existing vineyards are indigenous, as the climate structure is suitable for viticulture in general, high temperature and drought prevails in summer, excessive stoniness in some vineyards areas and water stress in most regions.

Phytogenic feed additives have replaced the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in the diet of poultry particularly broiler chickens. Researchers are moving towards the use of natural products such as herbs, spices, plants and plant products, which possess influential effects on growth performance parameters, immune response and treatment of various diseases. Aloe vera is a well-known medicinal plant and is being used for commercial and therapeutic purposes such as antimicrobials, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulator, wound healing, antioxidant and antiprotozoal agents. From a few last decades, the use of Aloe vera has been increased as a natural additive to broiler diet. Based on the review of literature, Aloe vera can improve immune response, growth performance in the broiler, as well as an excellent alternative of AGPs and anticoccidial drugs. It can be used for broiler diet in the form of gel, powder, ethanolic extract and aqueous extract. This review provides information about the use of Aloe vera in broiler production with reference to the effects on growth performance, immune system, intestinal microflora and coccidiosis in broiler chickens.

Bilinçsiz ve yoğun kullanılan pestisitlerin insan ve çevre sağlığı açısından önemli problemlere yol açtığı pek çok çalışma ile ortaya konulmuştur. Bu anlamda üreticilerin pestisit kullanımındaki bilinç düzeylerinin araştırılması önem arz etmektedir. Araştırmanın ana materyalini; Tokat ili merkez ilçede belirlenmiş olan 10 adet köyde meyve-sebze üretimi ile uğraşan üreticiler ile yapılan anket verileri oluşturmaktadır. Köylerin üretim miktarı göz önüne alınarak toplam 110 anket yapılmıştır. Veriler 2017 yılı Ekim-Aralık ayına aittir. Anketlerden elde edilen bilgilere göre, Tokat’ta meyve-sebze- üreticilerinin %97’sinin pestisit kullandığı ancak yaklaşık %50’sinin kullandıkları ilaç içeriği hakkında bilgisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Üreticilerin pestisit seçiminde kendi tecrübeleri (%50) ve ilaç bayilerinin tavsiyelerini (%80) dikkate aldıkları gözlenmiştir. Üreticilerin yaklaşık %55’i pestisit kullanım maliyetlerinin 2 bin TL ile 5 bin TL arasında değiştiğini belirtmişlerdir. Üreticiler ilaçlama yaparken korunma önlemlerini tam olarak almadıklarını daha çok eldiven ve maske kullandıklarını belirtirken pestisitlerin insan ve çevre sağlığına verdiği zararlar boyutunda bilinçsiz olduklarını kabul etmektedirler. Ancak üreticiler, pestisit kullanımının ürünlerde bıraktığı kalıntı oranlarının gıda güvenliği açısından oluşturduğu tehlike hakkında hiçbir fikre sahip değildirler. Bunun yanında köylerinde ya da ortak bir bölgede yapılacak eğitimlere kayıtsız kalmayacaklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Bu bağlamda üreticilerin bilinçlendirilmesi konusunda uzman eğitimlerin yapılması ve bu eğitimlerin sürekliliğinin sağlanması, kalıntı analizlerinin yapılarak verilen eğitimlerin geri beslemesinin izlenmesi gerekmektedir.

Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına olan yönelme son yıllarda giderek artmaktadır. Bu yöneliş, öncelikle potansiyel hesaplamalarıyla başlamış, zamanla teknolojilerin uygulamasına geçilmiştir. Teknolojik anlamda güneş enerjisi uygulamaları; genelde ısıtma, elektrik üretme ve tarımsal sulama amaçlı olmaktadır. Elektrik üretmede fotovoltaik pil (PV) uygulamaları, dünya çapında büyük ivme kazanmıştır. Fotovoltaik sulama sistemlerinde boyut analizi yapılırken, kullanılan eski metotlar, sadece üretilen hidrolik enerjinin gereksinimlerini dikkate alırdı. Bu metotların aksine bu çalışmada problem, sistematik olarak ele alınıp, sistemin bütün elemanlarının ve bileşenlerinin analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle Niğde’nin tarımsal yapısına uygun olarak, patates üretimi yapılan işletmenin enerji ihtiyacı belirlenmiştir. Söz konusu çalışmalar göstermiştir ki; tarımsal amaçlı sulamada, çok büyük bir enerji ihtiyacı bulunmaktadır. Bu enerji ihtiyacının güneş enerjisi ile karşılanmasının ekonomik boyutu sistemin projelendirilmesi, uygulanması ve üretilen elektriğin değerlendirilmesine göre çok değişkenlik göstermektedir. Çalışmada, bu sorunlar uygulama ve farklı senaryolar dahilinde irdelenmiştir.

Farmland consolidation is defined as the aggregation of farm lands that are fragmented and dispersed in agricultural sector with the aim of increasing their size for efficiency. The aim of study is to determine the effects of land consolidation practice and its impact on farmer satisfaction levels. Farmer satisfaction analysis was conducted on farmers which have land consolidation practice areas in different regions in Turkey. The data was obtained to be conducted from 1349 farmer interviews in 10 provinces by survey in 2015, and it was based on Likert scale that measured farmer satisfaction level. The data which is used in this analysis was tested by reliability analysis, and the results were obtained via factor analysis and logistic regression. It was found that has positive opinion on land consolidation over 87 percent of farmers, and also was recommended these practices to other farmers. Moreover, the results showed that the important ones from effective factors on farmer satisfaction can be listed as follows: cost reduction, decreasing conflicts between farmers, irrigation and drainage efficiencies, having confidence in technical staff, and facilitating agricultural works.

Demand for organic products has been increasing in recent years. However, from time to time, some negativities encountered in marketing may lead to contraction in production or loss of product value. It is useful to know consumer preferences to create appropriate marketing and product patterns. This study was conducted to determine the pattern of organic product consumption in the TR72 region (Kayseri, Sivas and Yozgat) and the regional variation in the amount of overpayment. For this purpose, a face-to-face survey was conducted with 1350 families in order to determine the consumption pattern and value of organic products of consumers in TR72 region. As a result of the analyses, the difference between the regions in terms of consumed organic drinks, milk, eggs, chicken meat and vegetables and fruits were calculated as significant. In addition, regional differences were found to be significant in terms of consumption season, brand, organic egg and poultry overpayment rates. According to the findings; regional development level, income level and conscious consumption factors are effective on organic product selection, brand preference, consumption season and overpayment for organic product.

In this study; the human health risks of whiting meat and roes, which are frequently consumed in Turkey were evaluated in terms of minerals and heavy metals. The potential of human health risks according to consumption of whiting meats and roes were assessed by estimating of Metal Pollution Index (MPI), Estimated Weekly Intake (EWI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ) levels of heavy metals. The Cd, Hg and Pb results found in the roes were lower than the acceptable limits identified by Turkish Codex. The results showed that the investigated fish meat’s Pb levels were higher than the limit values except from in April and May. The highest Cd content was 0.22 mg.kg-1 in whiting meat in December while the lowest Cd content was 0.03 mg.kg-1 in May. The maximum value of metal pollution indices (MPI) was determined as 0.44 for whiting meat and 0.66 for roes in March. The THQ values of whiting meat and roes were lower than 1 for six months. However, the TTHQ values of whiting meat in February and March were higher than 1 indicating health risk for the consumer by consuming whiting meat.