This study aims to define the concept of office spaces and their requirements, as well as the contemporary interior design approaches. It will also cover the interior design and application process for an architecture office in Konya. The company, originally named Çınar Architecture and active in Konya between 1985 and 1990, has been operating as Kerimler Planning Construction Consultancy Company in Konya since 1995. The company requested an interior architecture project for their new location. In the current environment, the office is starting to become outdated and is unable to offer users enough physical amenities. The main goal of the new office’s interior design was to create areas where employers and employees could collaborate in a welcoming and adaptable setting without facing any kind of discrimination. In Konya Meram Pirebi District, the Menekşe Apartment’s ground floor, which is currently a street-level store, is the site of the project, which occupies a total of 280 m2 and consists of a ground + basement. The office occupies 145 square meters on the ground floor of a recently constructed building, with glass extending to the open floor on the south, north, and west facades. The room has a very large opening because the columns are concealed by the walls, making the two stories easily visible from the entrance. The office, which occupies a 135 m2 basement floor, is connected to the elevator and staircase at the back. Natural light enters the basement through the gallery area that is attached to the staircase. Within the parameters of the study, two- and three-dimensional architectural design tools, including phases of the interior design process, were employed in conjunction with a qualitative research method based on inspection and observation. The architectural office put it into practice about half a year after the design stage. The outcome was the creation of a dynamic, modern office analysis that values teamwork and permits the emergence of unique and creative ideas throughout the project.

In Ethiopia livestock feed shortage and soil acidity are serious problems. In recent years sweet lupins (white and blue species) were introduced as multipurpose crops in the country. However, there is no information about their nodulation potential. This study was conducted to evaluate nodulation potential of these sweet lupins and their effect on nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) content of the soil. Seven lupin varieties were evaluated using factorial arrangement (seven varieties * two inoculations) in a randomized complete block design in two locations for two years. The result showed that effect of inoculation and location was not significant (P > 0.05) on biomass, seed, nodule number and soil parameters. While the effect of variety was significant (P < 0.05) on nodule parameters. Its effect on dry biomass and seed yields was also significant in either of the years. Variety and year had no effect on soil N and P contents. In the first year, blue sweet lupin entries had the highest nodule number per plant, 222 nodules.  In the second year similar nodulation performance was observed among species and varieties. Soil N and P were not affected by varieties and inoculation. In addition to their yield advantage, compared to the sweet white entries, blue sweet lupin varieties had high potential in nodulation. Therefore, these introduced sweet blue lupins can be used as multipurpose crops in acidic soils of Ethiopia.

Due to the increase in food-borne diseases, especially in recent years, consumers' orientation to healthy products and their emphasis on consumption force producers to environmentally friendly products. Nitrogen is the most widely used plant nutrient in the world. Nitrogen, a very expensive input due to its excessive use, pollutes the environment and causes nitrate accumulation in plants. Therefore, vegetable growers strive to replace chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen with environmentally friendly and cost-effective sources. PGPRs stand out in this regard and at the same time, their potential in environmentally and consumer-friendly vegetable production needs to be revealed. In this study, the importance and potential role of N2-fixing PGPR are discussed for the improvement of yield and yield components in environment-friendly vegetable production for healthy human nutrition.

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL; Hermetia illucens L.) is a proven high-cost protein source replacer and could be grown in a range of bio-degradable waste materials where hardly incorporated into broiler diets locally. The present study was aimed to assess the nutritional composition of BSFL, and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) value of BSFL meal provided to broiler chickens. BSFL full-fat meal produced from kitchen waste as a substrate were examined for their proximate composition, minerals and fatty acid profile. Eighty, 21-d old unsexed Cobb-500 broiler chickens (BW±SD: 665.8 ±14.3 g) were assigned randomly into 16 battery cages (04 replicates, five birds/replicate). A maize-soybean meal-based diet was used as the basal diet which was partially substituted by pre-analyzed BSFL meal at the rates of 5%, 10%, and 15% to produce three test diets. Birds were fed in a completely randomized design for 7-d with a 4-d adaptation period. Excreta were collected for three days from day 25 to 28. The results envisaged that the crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) contents of the kitchen waste were 12.3%, and 10.5%, respectively. BSFL meal when analyzed had 34.4% CP and 47.3%, EE. The fatty acid (FA) profile of the kitchen waste was more or less similar to that of BSFL‘s meal. The estimated AME of the BSFL full-fat meal fed for broilers was estimated to be 15.7 MJ/kg. The BSFL full-fat meal can be utilized sustainably in feed formulation and has a high potential to replace costlier feed ingredients.

Türkiye; birbirinden farklı ekolojik özelliklere sahip olup akarsu ve göller bakımından zengin bir ülkedir. Bazı akarsularımız da yer altına sızarak veya sıcaklığın etkisiyle buharlaşarak kaybolur. En büyük gölümüz Doğu Anadolu'da yer alan sodalı Van Gölüdür. 2021 yılında Türkiye’de su ürünleri üretim miktarı yaklaşık 800 bin ton olup bu miktarın %59’u yetiştiricilik yolu ile elde edilirken %41’i avcılık yolu ile elde edilmektedir. Avcılığın %10’u iç sulardan karşılanırken, yetiştiriciliğin yaklaşık %29’unu oluşturmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada, Van ilinin son 22 yıllık (2000-2021) su ürünleri üretim miktarının elde edilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu amaçla Türkiye istatistik Kurumu (TUİK, 2000-2021) veriler yardımı altında Van ilinde yapılan avcılık ve yetiştiricilik yoluyla elde edilen türlerin trend analizi ile 2050 yılına kadar üretim miktarının tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Van ilinin 2000-2021 yılları arasında avcılık yoluyla en çok avlanan iç su balıkları türleri sırasıyla; İnci Kefali (Chalcalburnus tarichi), Sazan (Cyprinus carpio), Siraz (Capoeta Pestai), Alabalık (Salmo spp.). Yetiştiriciliği yapılan tür ise sadece Alabalık’tır. Sonuç olarak, Van ilinde avcılık yoluyla elde edilen tatlı su balıkları üretiminde yıllara bağlı olarak genel bir azalmanın varlığı gözlenmektedir. Hatta bu şartlar devam ederse Siraz balığının 2022 yılında üretim verilerinde, Sazan balığının ise 2024 yılında üretiminin sona ericeği tahmin edilmiştir. Bunun yanında yetiştiricilik yoluyla üretilen tek tür olan Alabalık üretiminin artacağı bulunmuştur.

Heyelanlar, tıpkı diğer afetler gibi dünyada ve Türkiye’de yüksek can ve mal kayıplarına neden olan ancak doğru arazi planlaması ve önlemlerle zararı en aza indirilmesi mümkün doğa olaylarıdır. Heyelan olayları Türkiye’de arazinin eğimli yapısı, yağışlı iklim koşulları, yanlış arazi örtüsü kullanımları gibi faktörlerin etkisi ile Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde sıklıkla yaşanmaktadır. Çalışma alanı olarak belirlenen Artvin Merkez İlçe ve yakın çevresi, içinde bulunduğu Karadeniz Bölgesi ile benzer şekilde sahip olduğu topografik yapı, iklim koşulları, yoğun yapılaşma, hidroelektrik santraller, maden sahaları, barajlar ve yol yapım çalışmalarının etkisi altında sıklıkla heyelanların yaşandığı bir bölgedir. Bu noktadan hareketle, çalışma kapsamında Analitik hiyerarşi süreci (AHP) ile Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) kullanılarak alanı ile birlikte alandaki mikro havzaların heyelan duyarlılığının belirlenmesi ve heyelan duyarlılığı yüksek alanlar için heyelan riskini azaltmaya yönelik çözüm önerileri geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda çalışma alanının yüzölçümünün %48,55’inin orta düzeyde %46,21’inin ise yüksek düzeyde heyelan duyarlılığına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Aritmetik ortalama ile oluşturulan mikro havzalar düzeyinde haritalara göre ise çalışma alanında yüksek heyelan duyarlılığına sahip 230 mikro havza yer almaktadır. Alanda belirlenen heyelan duyarlılıkları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, heyelan riskinin azaltılması için alan kullanım planlama kararları alınırken heyelan duyarlılık analizleri ve haritaları dikkate alınmalıdır.

This study was carried out to examine the prevalence of AFM1 contamination across different areas of Chattogram, Bangladesh, and to assess the level of AFM1 in raw milk samples from various dairy farms. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the farming standards of three different Chattogram neighborhoods—Bakalia, Khulshi, and Pahartali—and to ascertain the amount of AFM1 in milk. In the study location, 30 commercial dairy farms were randomly chosen, and data on farming methods, milk production techniques, and knowledge of aflatoxin contamination were gathered. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, collected milk samples (n = 90) were examined for the presence of AFM1. The farms produced 71.67±14.71 liters of milk on average every day, which was primarily supplied to dairy processing plants. For feeding the cows, all farms used concentrates and forage.  The mean concentration of AFM1 in milk samples collected from Bakalia was higher (190.00±120.87 ng/L) than that in milk samples collected from the Khulshi (108.44±66.19 ng/L) and Pahartali (189.25±160.78 ng/L). The overall prevalence of AFM1 was 43% (N=39) of the total examined samples. A total of 69% (N=27) and 5% (N=2) of AFM1 positive samples exceeded the European Union Regulation (50 ng/L) and BSTI/BFSA regulations (500 ng/L) respectively. There was a significant difference in the occurrence of AFM1 in Bakalia regarding Khulshi and Pahartali. This research will aid in measuring the AFM1 content in raw milk and helping to address public health issues.

The aim of this study was to assess the nutrient composition and sensory properties of breakfast cereal made from yellow maize and enriched with soybean and groundnut flours. Yellow maize was replaced with groundnut (GF) (15–35%) and soybean flour (SBF) (10–15%) to produce a more nutritionally balanced breakfast cereal. Proximate, mineral, vitamin, and sensory analysis were carried out on the formulated breakfast cereals. The results showed that groundnut and soybean flour supplementation significantly increased the protein content (20.90–23.01%) as compared to the control along with an increase in fat (10.52-11.28%), crude fibre (2.98–3.90%), and ash (1.99–2.60%), while carbohydrate (57.09–52.66%) and energy (406.64–403.79 Kcal) decreased with the incremental addition of SBF and GF. Similarly, calcium (36.16-37.98 mg/100g), magnesium (32.16-37.98 mg/100g), potassium (10.62-12.16 mg/100g), iron (42.21-48.65 mg/100g) and vitamin A (70.07-74.01) g/dl) content of the breakfast cereals also increased significantly with increasing SBF and GF substitution, while a decrease was observed for phosphorus. The highest total score of sensory evaluation was for the control sample (golden morn), which was followed closely by the sample containing 20% GF and 15% SBF. Higher levels of SBF and GF can improve the nutritional value of breakfast cereals.

Bipolaris sorokiniana buğday ve arpada kök çürüklüğü yapan en önemli etmenlerden biridir. Buğday ve arpada tohum, başak, yaprak ve köklerde hastalık oluşturarak bitkilerde önemli ürün kayıplarına yol açmaktadır. Farklı agro-ekolojik bölgelerden toplanan kök ve kök boğazında çürüklük belirtisi gösteren buğday bitkilerinden izole edilen Bipolaris spp. izolatları morfolojik teşhis edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada B. sorokiniana, B. spicifera, ve B. australiensis olarak teşhis edilmiş olan 49 izolat kullanılmıştır. Yapılan patojenite çalışması sonucunda B. sorokiniana izolatlarının ikisi hariç hepsinin patojen olduğu ve hastalık şiddetlerinin %50 ila %90 arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yalnızca bir B. spicifera izolatı bitkilerde zayıf patojen olarak belirlenmiş, B. australiensis izolatları hiçbir hastalık belirtisi oluşturmamıştır. B. sorokiniana bitkilerin yaş ağırlıklarında kontrollere oranla önemli düşüşlere yol açarken, B. spicifera'nın dört izolatının bitki ağırlığında artış sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, tüm agro-ekolojik bölgelerdeki B. sorokiniana izolatlarının şiddetli kök çürüklük hastalığı yaptığı ve bitki ağırlığında önemli miktarda azalmalara neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Diğer taraftan, B. spicifera izolatlarının buğday bitkilerinin köklerinde zayıf hastalık belirtileri oluşturduğu, B. australiensis'in ise bitkilerin köklerinde hastalığa yol açmadığı ve bitki ağırlığını olumsuz olarak etkilemediği görülmüştür.

Plants are exposed to various adverse environmental conditions throughout their growth period. In recent years, drought, which has occurred and necessitated different measures, ranks among these adverse conditions. At the same time, plants synthesize certain biochemical compounds in response to the adverse conditions they will encounter. These compounds not only strengthen the immune system but also provide resistance against various diseases, and they tend to increase under adverse environmental conditions that plants will face during cultivation. This study was conducted to determine the changes in yield and some biochemical components in pickling hot peppers (Capsicum Annuum L.) grown under different water stress conditions. Two different levels of water stress (%70 and %30 irrigation) were applied in addition to full irrigation (%100 irrigation). At the end of the research, while a yield of 269.42 g per plant was obtained in the control group (%100 irrigation), 150.14 g and 93.33 g of pickling hot peppers were harvested in each water stress treatment, respectively. Total phenolic compound levels increased with water stress; it was determined to be 0.827 mg-1g in the trial irrigated with full irrigation water, 1.170 mg-1g in plants exposed to mild water stress, and up to 1.536 mg-1g in the trial subjected to severe water stress. In addition, total flavonoids and antioxidant compound levels also increased with increasing water stress. The amounts of flavonoid compounds obtained from the trial groups were 0.146, 0.373, and 0.412 mg-1g, respectively, while the antioxidant levels determined by the DPPH method increased in quantity with increasing water stress, similar to other biochemical compounds. According to these results, it was determined that the yield of pickling hot peppers decreased in the case of water shortage that the plants would face in cultivation, but there was an increase in some biochemical compounds.