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Trakya Bölgesi’nde İklim Değişikliğinin Buğday Verimine Etkisinin Tahmin Edilmesi Full text
2023
Ahmet Coşkun | Huzur Deveci | Fatih Konukcu
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Trakya Bölgesi’nde iklim değişikliğinin buğday bitkisinin verimine etkisini modellemektir. Bu amaçla, çiftçi tarlasından alınan 2020-2021 dönemi buğday verim değeri, aynı yıla ait iklim verileri kullanılarak LINTUL model ile hesaplanan verim değeri ile karşılaştırılarak kalibre edilmiş ve daha sonra HadGEM2-ES ve MPI-ESM-MR küresel iklim modellerinin RCP4.5 ve RCP8.5 senaryolarından elde edilen iklim verileri ile 2031-2040, 2041-2050, 2051-2060, 2061-2070 ve 2071-2080 dönemleri için verim değerleri tahmin edilmiştir. Ekim ve hasat tarihleri değiştirilmeden iki şekilde verim tahmini yapılmıştır: Birincisinde, ortalama en düşük ve en yüksek sıcaklık, solar radyasyon ve yağış değişimi dikkate alınarak verim hesaplaması yapılmıştır. İkincisinde ise solar radyasyon değerleri 2004-2021 dönemi için sabit tutulurken, ortalama en düşük ve en yüksek sıcaklık ve yağış değişimleri hesaba katılmıştır. Birinci yaklaşımda, HadGEM2-ES modelinin RCP4.5 ve RCP8.5 senaryoları için tahmin edilen verim değişimleri sırasıyla %1,5-%7,5 ve -%7,5-%7,5 arasında hesaplanırken, MPI-ESM-MR modeli için yine aynı sırayla %9,0-%13,4 ve %3,0-%16,4 arasında simüle edilmiştir. İkinci yaklaşımda, HadGEM2-ES modelinin RCP4.5 ve RCP8.5 senaryoları için tahmin edilen verim değişimleri sırasıyla %4,5-%9,0 ve -%7,5-%7,5 arasında hesaplanırken, MPI-ESM-MR modeli için yine aynı sırayla %10,4-%13,4 ve %4,5-%19,5 arasında tahmin edilmiştir. Verim tahminlerinde sıcaklık ve yağışla birlikte solar radyasyonun etkisinin de mutlaka göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiği; Türkiye’nin diğer bölgelerinin aksine iklim değişimi ile verimin genelde artış yönünde olacağı tahmin edildiğinden gıda güvencesi için Trakya Bölgesi tarım arazilerinin değişimine izin verilmemesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Show more [+] Less [-]Konya İlinde Çiftçilerin Kuru Fasulye Üretim Kararını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi; Çumra İlçesi Örneği Full text
2023
Fatma Çiftci | Cennet Oğuz | İsmail Çiftci
Çalışmanın temel amacı; Son yıllarda Türkiye ve Konya İlinde kuru fasulye üretim alanlarının daralması ile insan beslenmesinde önemli bir yeri olan kuru baklagillerin üretiminde çiftçilerin karar kriterlerinin belirlenerek önceliklendirmek ve öneri geliştirmektir. Türkiye’de kuru fasulye üretim alanı ve miktarı bakımından uzun yıllar ilk sırada yer alan Konya İli ilk sıradaki yerini kaybetmiş olmasına rağmen, Türkiye’nin kuru fasulye üretim alanının %16,14’üne, üretim miktarının %18,7’sine sahiptir. Üretim miktarı bakımından Konya ilinin %31,61’ini oluşturması bakımından Çumra ilçesi araştırma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. İşletmelerin kuru fasulye üretim kararlarına etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesinde Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İşletmeler geçmiş tecrübelerinden yararlanarak üretim karalarını belirlemektedirler. Kuru fasulye üretim kararlarını etkileyen temel kriterler; verim, fiyat, işgücü, su ihtiyacı, pazarlama kolaylığı, mekanizasyon, girdi maliyetleri, yetiştiricilik bilgisi, toprak yapısı, desteklemeler olarak belirlenmiştir. İşletmelerin kuru fasulye üretim kararını etkileyen en önemli faktör “verim” kriteri olmuştur (%20,01). Bunu sırasıyla fiyat (%13,5), girdi maliyetleri (%11,9), Su ihtiyacı (%11,8), pazarlama kolaylığı (%11,2), mekanizasyon (%8,3), işgücü(%6,8), yetiştiricilik bilgisi (%6,3), toprak yapısı (%5,6), desteklemeler (%4,7) olarak belirlenmiştir. Devletin çiftçilere bu yönde verim artırıcı girdilerin zamanında ve uygun dozda kullanmaları yönünde farkındalık kazandırılması gerekmektedir. Yine çiftçilerin yeni teknikleri ve girdileri kullanabilmeleri için ise desteklemelerin iyileştirilmesi olarak önerilmektedir.
Show more [+] Less [-]Türkiye ve Samsun İlinde Manda Popülasyonunun Sürdürülebilirliğinin Zaman Serileri Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi Full text
2023
Bakiye Kılıç Topuz | Ali Gücükoğlu | Hakan Güler
Manda yetiştiriciliğinin avantajları ve mandadan elde edilen ürünlerin insan sağlığındaki üstünlüklerine rağmen, dünyada manda popülasyonunun azalan bir trendle düşük olduğu ve nesli tehlikede olan türler arasında olduğu belirtilmektedir. Dünyada manda yetiştiriciliği yapılan ülkeler arasında manda sayısında en hızlı azalışın gerçekleştiği ülke konumunda olan Türkiye’de, Samsun ili manda popülasyonunda geçmişten günümüze birinci sırada yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye ve Samsun ilinde 2023-2030 yılları arasında manda popülasyonunun Çift Üstel Düzleştirme ve Holt-Winters yöntemleri ile geleceğe yönelik tahminlerini gerçekleştirmektir. Çalışmada Türkiye manda popülasyon serisi için 1929-2022 yılları arası, Samsun ili manda popülasyon serisi için ise 1991-2022 yılları arası verileri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada serilerin durağan olmadığı belirlenmiş olup, birinci farkı alındıktan sonra seriler durağanlaştırılmıştır. Manda popülasyon tahmini için Holt-Winters modelinin veri setine en uygun model olduğuna karar verilmiştir. Bu modele göre 2030 yılında 2022 yılına göre Türkiye manda popülasyonunun %7,29 oranında artış yaşanacağı, Samsun ili manda popülasyonunun ise gelecek sekiz yıl içinde stabil kalacağı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, yakın gelecekte Türkiye'de manda popülasyonunun yok olma tehlikesi ile karşı karşıya kalacağı belirlenmiştir. Türkiye’de manda varlığının sürdürülebilirliği için hükümet tarafından uzun vadeli ve etkili politika araçları uygulamaya konularak verilen desteklemeler artırılmalı ve tüketicilerin de manda sütü ve etinin faydaları hakkında bilinçlendirilmesi sağlanarak talep artışı sağlanmalıdır.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effect of Seed Rates and Sowing Dates on Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Full text
2023
Pawan Gyawali | Pankaj Gyawali | Bishnu Bilas Adhikari | Dharma Raj Katuwal
Effect of Seed Rates and Sowing Dates on Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Full text
2023
Pawan Gyawali | Pankaj Gyawali | Bishnu Bilas Adhikari | Dharma Raj Katuwal
A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy farm of Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur to evaluate the effect of sowing dates and seed rates on yield and yield attributes of wheat. The experiment was laid in a split-plot design with three replications treated with 4 sowing dates as the main plot factor (12th Nov, 27th Nov, 12th Dec, and 27th Dec) and 4 seed rates as subplot factor (100 kg ha-1, 120 kg ha-1, 140 kg ha-1 and 160 kg ha-1). Results revealed that the leaf area index was significantly affected by sowing dates and was comparatively superior in 2nd sowing date (27th Nov) wheat. Similarly, in the case of seed rates, the leaf area index was influenced significantly and was recorded to be increasing with an increase in seed rates. Phenological parameters like days to 50% heading, flowering, and maturity were observed maximum (116, 123, and 179 days, respectively) in early sown wheat and reduced with the subsequent delay in sowing. Maximum values of yield and yield attributes like effective tillers per meter square (635.6), spike length (9.56 cm), grains per spike (41.49), grain yield (7.59 Mt ha-1), and straw yield (9.58 Mt ha-1) were observed in the wheat sown in 2nd date (on 27th Nov) which differed significantly to wheat sown on other dates. Seed rates had no significant influence on grain yield and yield attributes. Thousand-grain weight was found maximum (46.26 g) in early sown wheat (on 12th Nov sown wheat, reduced with the subsequent delay in sowing, and the harvest index was observed as maximum (0.51) under December 27 sown wheat. Though the yield and its attributes were not influenced significantly by seed rate, the maximum yield (6.18 Mt ha-1) was observed in wheat sown at the rate of 120 kg ha-1. Considering seed yield and its parameters, 2nd date of sowing wheat (27th Nov) and seed rate of 100 kg ha-1 could be the best option to uplift the productivity of wheat in rainfed lowland conditions of Lalitpur, Nepal.
Show more [+] Less [-]Evaluación del tiempo de evacuación gástrica de la cachama blanca Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818), utilizando diferentes frecuencias de alimentación y ayuno Full text
2013
Gómez-Peñaranda, José Ader(Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira Departamento de Ciencia Animal Grupo de investigación en Recursos Zoogenéticos) | Clavijo Restrepo, Laura Cristina(Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira Departamento de Ciencia Animal Grupo de investigación en Recursos Zoogenéticos)
Este estudio estima el tiempo de vaciado del estómago de la cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) en el día de comienzo regular de alimentación posterior a un periodo de ayuno. Para el efecto, se recolectaron muestras de contenido estomacal en periodos de dos horas después del suministro de alimento (9:30 y 15:30 h) hasta el primer indicio de vaciado. Se utilizaron cachamas con un peso de 360 ± 12 g dispuestas en cuatro tratamientos: (1) T1 = alimentación a saciedad durante 5 días y ayuno de 2 días, (2) T2 = alimentación a saciedad durante 6 días y ayuno de 1 día, (3) T3 = alimentación a saciedad durante 7 días, y (4) TC = alimentación siguiendo las tablas recomendadas por el fabricante del alimento. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante ANOVA de medidas repetidas, empleando como factores el tratamiento y el tiempo de vaciado, siendo cada repetición la unidad experimental. Las cachamas del tratamiento T1 presentaron mayor cantidad de alimento en el estómago en los muestreos posteriores al suministro de la primera y segunda ración. A diferencia del tratamiento T1, en los demás las cachamas vaciaron su contenido en el estómago en el periodo comprendido entre la primera y la segunda ración de alimentación y en el periodo posterior a la segunda ración. Por tanto, cuando el contenido estomacal fue mayor, debido a un mayor consumo de alimento en la ración, como en el caso del tratamiento (T1), el tiempo necesario para vaciar el estómago de las cachamas se incrementó. | The study measured the time necessary to complete emptying of the stomach of white Cachama (Piaractus brachypomus) starting on the day regular feeding subsequent to a starvation period. Samples were collected from stomach contents in periods of 2 hours after feeding (9:30 y 15:30 h) until the first sign of emptying. The cachama weighing was 360 ± 12 g; designing four treatments: (1) T1 = feed to satiation for 5 days and starvation for two days, (2) T2 = feed to satiation for 6 days and starvation for one day, (3) T3 = feed to satiation for 7 days, and (4) TC = restricted feeding table recommended by the manufacturer, 7 days a week. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA, using as factors the treatment and emptying time, with each repetition as the experimental unit. Unlike the T5 treatment, in other cachama emptied its contents into the stomach from the time period between the first and the second ration of food and in the period after the second ration. Therefore, when the stomach content was higher due to a higher feed intake in the diet, as in the case of treatment (T5), the time required to empty the stomach of cachama increased.
Show more [+] Less [-]Pollen Viability and Germination Levels with Amount of Pollen Production of Some Important Olive Cultivars in Türkiye Full text
2023
Cansu Dölek Gencer | Mücahit Taha Özkaya | Sinan Eti | Şenay Karabıyık | Neslihan Taskin Madrigal Fletcher
Pollen Viability and Germination Levels with Amount of Pollen Production of Some Important Olive Cultivars in Türkiye Full text
2023
Cansu Dölek Gencer | Mücahit Taha Özkaya | Sinan Eti | Şenay Karabıyık | Neslihan Taskin Madrigal Fletcher
This research was carried out to determine the pollination abilities of Domat, Gemlik and Sarı Ulak olive cultivars. Pollen viability rate, germination rate and amount of pollen production were examined during the periods when 25%, 50% and 75% of the flowers were opened. According to the results obtained from three years’ experimental study, the highest percentages of pollen viability were found in Gemlik (81.51%) and Domat (81.50%), whereas Sarı Ulak cultivar (77.41%) showed the lowest viability. In pollen germination percentages, the highest values on the basis of cultivars were determined 59.85% (Domat), 59.74% (Gemlik) and 52.12% (Sarı Ulak). The highest amount of pollen production in a flower was found in the Sarı Ulak cultivar (329,046) while it was followed by Domat (319,693) and Gemlik (306,385). Despite the high pollen production in Sarı Ulak cultivar, the pollen viability and germination rates were found to be low. In Gemlik and Domat cultivars, all values were obtained relatively near. In addition, it had been noted that the values related to pollen viability, germination and production amount were higher during 50% and 75% flowering periods than 25%.
Show more [+] Less [-]Extraction of Anthocyanins and Total Phenolic Compounds from Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Using an Experimental Design Methodology. Part 3: Microwave-Assisted Extraction Full text
2020
Aliaño-González, María José | Ferreiro-González, Marta | Espada-Bellido, Estrella | Carrera, Ceferino | Palma Vargas, Miguel Ricardo | Ayuso, Jesús | Barbero, Gerardo F. | Alvarez, José A.
In this work, two methods based on microwave-assisted extraction techniques for the extraction of both anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds from açai have been developed. For that, a full factorial design (Box-Behnken design) has been used to optimize the following four variables: solvent composition (25–75% methanol in water), temperature (50–100 °C), pH (2–7), and sample/solvent ratio (0.5 g: 10 mL–0.5 g: 20 mL). The anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds content have been determined by ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography and Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. The optimum conditions for the extraction of anthocyanins were 38% MeOH in water, 99.63 °C, pH 3.00, at 0.5 g: 10 mL of ratio, while for the extraction of total phenolic compounds they were 74.16% MeOH in water, 99.14 °C, pH 5.46, at 0.5 g: 20 mL of ratio. Both methods have shown a high repeatability and intermediate precision with a relative standard deviation lower than 5%. Furthermore, an extraction kinetics study was carried out using extraction periods ranging from 2 min until 25 min. The optimized methods have been applied to açai-containing real samples. The results with such real samples have confirmed that both methods are suitable for a rapid and reliable extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds.
Show more [+] Less [-]Extraction of Anthocyanins and Total Phenolic Compounds from Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Using an Experimental Design Methodology. Part 3: Microwave-Assisted Extraction Full text
2020
Aliaño González, María José | Ferreiro González, Marta | Espada Bellido, Estrella | Carrera Fernández, Ceferino Adrián | Palma Lovillo, Miguel | Ayuso Vilacides, Jesús | Fernández Barbero, Gerardo | Álvarez Saura, José Ángel | Química Analítica | Química Física
In this work, two methods based on microwave-assisted extraction techniques for the extraction of both anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds from acai have been developed. For that, a full factorial design (Box-Behnken design) has been used to optimize the following four variables: solvent composition (25-75% methanol in water), temperature (50-100 degrees C), pH (2-7), and sample/solvent ratio (0.5 g: 10 mL-0.5 g: 20 mL). The anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds content have been determined by ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography and Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. The optimum conditions for the extraction of anthocyanins were 38% MeOH in water, 99.63 degrees C, pH 3.00, at 0.5 g: 10 mL of ratio, while for the extraction of total phenolic compounds they were 74.16% MeOH in water, 99.14 degrees C, pH 5.46, at 0.5 g: 20 mL of ratio. Both methods have shown a high repeatability and intermediate precision with a relative standard deviation lower than 5%. Furthermore, an extraction kinetics study was carried out using extraction periods ranging from 2 min until 25 min. The optimized methods have been applied to acai-containing real samples. The results with such real samples have confirmed that both methods are suitable for a rapid and reliable extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds.
Show more [+] Less [-]Profitability and Technical Efficiency Analysis of Rice Production in Quan’ Pan Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria Full text
2023
Vihi Samuel Keghter | Makwin Francis Malel | Jesse Birma | Owa Grace Tijesu | Selzing Peter Musa | Ochelle Blessing | Mwolgwan Nandom
This study investigated how profitable and technically effective rice farming was in Quan’ Pan Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Using a multistage sample method, 120 respondents were drawn. The study’s findings proved that the farmers were 40 years old on average. The men were higher in numbers constituting 81.0% of the study population. 83% of the people were married and a greater number (81%) of them had at least some form of formal education with a typical household size of 9 persons. Findings from the study also showed that the farmers owned an average of 2.0 hectares of farmland and had acquired an average farming experience of 12 years. For the most of them (78.0%), farming was their primary occupation. The result also demonstrated that 78.0% never accessed credit or bank loans for farming as majority (63%) of the respondents acquired their farmlands through inheritance. The entire cost (total cost) of farming operation/ha incurred by the farmers was 139733 while the average output obtained per hectare was 699kg at a prevailing market/selling price of 285/kg. The total revenue (TR) measured in naira value of 199, 215 was realized. Gross margin (GM) and net farm income (NFI) stood at 70932 and 59482 respectively. The return on investment (ROI) was 0.42 meaning that for every naira spent on rice production, a profit of 0.42 is made. Age, educational level, farm size, farming experience and extension contact all had positive direct relationship with net income from rice production at 1%. The rice growers’ mean technical efficiency score was 0.659. Major constraints to rice production were high fertilizer prices (72%), inadequate capital (53%), lack of improved seeds (47%). The research suggests that government should subsidize farming inputs like recommended fertilizer and herbicides so as to reduce the over bearing cost burden of these inputs on farmers. Financial institutions should make credit facilities available and affordable to the farmers.
Show more [+] Less [-]Gemlik Çeşidi Zeytin Fidanının Su Stresine Bağlı Bazı Morfolojik Ve Fizyolojik Değişikliklerinin Belirlenmesi Full text
2023
Yasin Mercan | Talih Gürbüz
Bu araştırma, tarla koşullarında saksılarda yetiştirilen dört yaşlı “Gemlik” çeşidi zeytin fidanları üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmada; farklı sulama uygulamalarında morfolojik ve fizyolojik parametreler göz önüne alınarak zeytin fidanlarının kuraklık stresine karşı tepkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma, 2021 yılında, Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesine bağlı Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliğinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme tesadüf parseli deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Sulama konuları, bitki su tüketiminin %20 (I20) %40 (I40) %60 (I60), %80 (I80), %100 (I100) ‘ü kadar su uygulanması şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda; sulama sezonu boyunca konulara uygulanan sulama suyu miktarları 16.32-81.57 L saksı-1 ve buna karşılık elde edilen bitki su tüketimi değerleri ise 19.49-85.08 L saksı-1 arasında değişmiştir. Konulara göre bitki boyunun 3.50 cm ile 11.00 cm, sürgün uzunluğunun 0.14 cm ile 12.4 cm, gövde çapının 0.70 mm ile 2.11 mm, sürgün çapının 0.53 mm ile 1.84 mm arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Konulara göre elde edilen yaprak oransal su içeriği değerleri %52.61 ile %71.68, stoma iletkenliği değerleri 260.29 mmol m-2 s-1 ile 535.80 mmol m-2 s-1, klorofil miktarı değerleri 78.00 ile 82.76, yaprak sıcaklığı ve hava sıcaklığı farkı ise 1.93°C ile 5.31°C arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Gemlik çeşidi zeytinin topraktaki nem eksiğine duyarlı bir bitki olduğu, morfolojik ve fizyolojik parametrelerin yetişme mevsimi boyunca sulama suyuna bağlı olarak değiştiği, bu parametrelere ilişkin elde edilen bulgular göz önüne alındığında 4 günde bir eksilen nemin %60’ının (I60) uygulanması önerilebilir.
Show more [+] Less [-]An Examination of the Relationship Between Agricultural Value Added and Agricultural Supports with Panel Simultaneous Equation Systems Full text
2023
Serife Ozsahin | Emel Akbal | Şerife Koç
Agricultural support is a crucial way to overcome the difficulties of long agricultural production process, lack of capital and low productivity. Moreover, the fact that increasing the supply is not possible in a short while makes agricultural support more important. Different agricultural structures of countries imply different agricultural support values. This paper examines the simultaneous relations between agricultural support and agricultural value added in the six developing countries with the highest agricultural production value. Simultaneous equation systems are estimated by Two-Stage Least Squares method using annual data for the 2002-2018 period. The findings suggest that there is a simultaneous positive and statistically significant relationship between agricultural value added and agricultural supports.
Show more [+] Less [-]Exploring the Efficacy of Essential Oils in Laboratory Conditions for Controlling Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Full text
2023
Esengül Özdemir
The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), poses a significant threat to agriculture worldwide. This study examines the potential insecticidal effects of essential oils from Mentha arvensis and Cinnamomum zeylanicum on controlling C. capitata under laboratory conditions. Even at low concentrations, toxicity assays indicated that both essential oils significantly increased the mortality of adult Medflies. The concentration-dependent effect of these oils on C. capitata mortality is demonstrated, with Mentha arvensis achieving 100% mortality within 48 hours at 1% concentration and Cinnamomum zeylanicum exhibiting rapid efficacy, reaching a low LC50 value after only 1 hour of application. The concentration and application time of essential oils were found to have a significant impact on their effectivness. This study highlights the potential of essential oils for controlling C. capitata populations. Essential oils offer a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative for managing C. capitata but further studies are necessary for their successful incorporation into integrated pest management programs.
Show more [+] Less [-]Evaluation of Protein Profiles, Bioactivity, Allergenicity and Toxicity of Peptides Generated After in silico Digestion of Common Wheat and Einkorn Wheat Full text
2023
Pelin Sultan Perçin | Sibel Karakaya
Evaluation of Protein Profiles, Bioactivity, Allergenicity and Toxicity of Peptides Generated After in silico Digestion of Common Wheat and Einkorn Wheat Full text
2023
Pelin Sultan Perçin | Sibel Karakaya
The belief that ancient wheat is more beneficial than common wheat has been growing trend in recent years among the consumers. The present study aims to compare bioactive peptide, allergen peptide and toxic peptide generation after gastrointestinal digestion of modern wheat (Triticum aestivum) and ancient wheat, einkorn (Triticum monococcum var. monococcum), using in silico tools. The primary sequences of both kinds of wheat were obtained from BIOPEP-UWM and UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database. In silico digestion was applied using BIOPEP-UWM online tool. For the simulation of gastrointestinal digestion pepsin (pH 1.3) (EC 3.4.23.1), trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), and chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) were selected and analyzed. Homology analysis was performed for each protein sequences using EMBOSS Needle program. Toxic and allergen peptides were predicted using ToxinPred online tool and Allergen FP v.1.0. The results showed that einkorn and common wheat proteins exhibited similar properties including high similarity rate (58.72-87.40%) indicating the percentage of matches between the two sequences and the identical bioactivities for peptides generated after digestion. Most of the bioactive peptides were dipeptides and the majority of them displayed more than one bioactivities including ACE inhibitory, DPP IV inhibitory or antioxidant activity, etc. Allergen peptides generated after in silico digestion were found to be similar for both kinds of wheat. In silico gastric digestion of einkorn and wheat caused toxic peptides production, but they were disappeared after in silico intestinal digestion. In conclusion, although there is a perception related to the Einkorn that is healthier than common wheat, in silico digestion of common wheat and einkorn did not support this perception.
Show more [+] Less [-]Caracterización molecular, análisis morfológico y colonización micorrízica en la rizósfera del aguacate (Persea americana Mill) en Caldas, Colombia Full text
2016
Rivera Páez, Fredy Arvey(Universidad de Caldas Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Grupo de Investigación GEBIOME) | González Salazar, Viviana(Universidad de Caldas Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Grupo de Investigación GEBIOME) | González Acosta, Jorge Giovany(Universidad de Caldas Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Grupo de Investigación GEBIOME) | Ossa López, Paula Andrea(Universidad de Caldas Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Grupo de Investigación GEBIOME)
Se evaluaron familias de hongos formadores de micorriza arbuscular (HMA) asociados a dos variedades de aguacate Persea americana Mill (hass y lorena), en 12 muestras de suelo rizosférico y raíces en Caldas, Colombia. Las esporas se obtuvieron por tamizado húmedo y centrifugación en gradiente de sacarosa, y montadas en los reactivos Polivinilactoglicerol y Melzer para determinar su morfología, y las raíces tratadas con hidróxido de potasio, ácido acético, azul de tripano y lactoglicerol, para establecer su colonización. El ADN fue extraído por DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen™) y amplificado por PCR utilizando iniciadores sobre los genes 18S y 28S del ADNr nuclear, visualizado y purificado en geles de agarosa, y secuenciado por Macrogen Advancing Through Genomics-Corea del Sur. Los resultados muestran presencia de 12 morfotipos pertenecientes a las familias Acaulosporaceae, Gigasporaceae, Diversisporaceae y Glomeraceae, y una colonización micorrízica superior al 90% en ambas variedades de aguacate. Se logró aislar ADN de nueve morfotipos y amplificar siete. El alineamiento de las secuencias de ADN se realizó en el programa ClustalW incluido en el programa Mega 6, junto con secuencias depositadas en el GenBank, utilizando el parámetro de distancia Kimura 2 (K2P), permitieron construir un árbol de similitud por el método Neighbor-Joining (NJ) agrupando las muestras determinadas por morfología en las familias correspondientes. Estos resultados permitieron estandarizar protocolos para familias de este grupo, donde su taxonomía es dificultosa y controversial, registrando familias citadas en la literatura como de elevada importancia para la protección e incorporación de nutrientes en la planta. | Families of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated to two varieties of avocado Persea americana Mill (hass and lorena), in 12 samples of rhizosphere soil and roots in Caldas, Colombia were evaluated. Spores were obtained by wet sieving and sucrose gradient centrifugation, and mounted on polyvinyl alcohol using glycerol and Melzer's reagents, to determine their morphology, and roots treated con potassium hydroxide, acetic acid, Trypan Blue and lactoglycerol, to establish colonization. The DNA was extracted by DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen™) and amplified by PCR using primers for genes 18S and 28S nuclear rDNA, visualized and purified on agarose gels and sequenced by Macrogen Advancing throughout Genomics-South Korea. The results show presence of 12 morphotypes belonging to the families Acaulosporaceae, Gigasporaceae, Diversisporaceae and Glomeraceae, and mycorrhizal colonization higher 90% in both varieties of avocado. It was possible to isolate DNA of nine morphotypes and amplify seven. Alignment of DNA sequences carried out in the ClustaW software included in the program Mega 6, together with sequences deposited in GenBank, using the distance parameter Kimura 2 (K2P), they allowed to build a tree of similarity for the method Neighbor-Joining (NJ) clustering the samples determined by morphology in the corresponding taxonomical families. These results allowed to standardize protocols for families in this group, where his taxonomy is difficult and controversial, registering families cited in the literature as highly important for the protection and incorporation of nutrients into the plant.
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