This study was carried out in order to determine the effects of Mychorrizal Preparation (MP) applications on final take and root quality in grafted and potted grapevine sapling production. In this research, cuttings of five different Vine rootstocks (140 Ru, 110 R, 41 B, 1103 P and 5 BB) and scions of Narince grape cultivar were used. In addition, 5 commercials symbiotic mychorriza preparations (MP); Roots Deep Gel (RD), Endo Roots Soluble (ER), Myco Apply (MA), Bio-one (BO) and Biovam were applied. Scions were grafted on rootstocks by omega table grafting machine and then grafted cuttings were stored for three weeks at stratification room. The grafted cuttings were planted into polyethylene bags (12 × 20 cm size) containing 1:1 sterile perlite-peat mixture. Grafted cuttings were kept in greenhouse during 2 months for growing. After grapevine final take rates were determined, grapevine saplings were transferred to acclimatization environment. Root fresh and dry weights of grapevine saplings were detected in the first week of September. Research was designed according to completely randomized plot as three replications and as 50 grafted cuttings each plot. At the end of study, it was determined that both MP applications and rootstocks have a significant effect on final take and sapling quality. The ratios of first grade sapling varied from 21.5% to 93.3% in first year and from 10.3% to 79.3% in second year. Effects of MP applications on the total final take ratios differed depending on the rootstocks in both years. MP applications showed significant effect on total final take ratios of 110 R and 41 B in the first year, and total final take ratios of 5 BB, 41 B and 140 Ru in the second year. While the best results were obtained from MA, EN, RD applications in the first year, the highest final take ratios were in EN, RD and BO applications in the second year. The highest value on final take was obtained from 5BB rootstock, while the lowest value was recorded in 140 Ru rootstock. Effect of MP applications on the fresh and dry weight of root changed according to rootstocks.

Sun dried (T. fasciata) was stored with airtight polyethylene bags at room temperature to investigate the changes in physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics for 90 days. Sensory and physical (water reconstitution, pH) characteristics of dried T. fasciata showed that the product was acceptable up to 60 days of storage. Moisture content of T. fasciata was significantly increased from 15.06% to 17.80% during the storage period. No significant difference was observed in protein, lipid and ash content on dry matter basis during storage. However, amount of lipids of the dried fish was slightly decreased with the increasing of storage time. The pH value of dried T. fasciata was decreased significantly from 6.51 to 5.94 during the storage period. The peroxide value was increased from 13.84 to 27.87 meq/Kg of lipid. Similarly, acid value and conjugated diene of the lipids were increased significantly, and this result suggested that lipid oxidation occurred over this period of time. Microbial load was also increased from 1.13 to 8.37 log CFU/g with the increasing of storage time. Results of this study showed that the product was oxidized marginally during the storage period and suitable for human consumption up to 60 days.

Dünyada en çok bulunan ve uzun zamandan beri kullanılan birincil enerji kaynağı fosil yakıtlar olup, kullanım miktarına bağlı olarak yakın bir zamanda tükeneceği tahmin edilmektedir. Bu tüketimin bir sonucu olarak küresel ısınma tehlikesi giderek büyümektedir. Bu çevresel tehdidin en büyük kaynağı olan fosil yakıt tüketimini azaltabilmek adına yenilenebilir enerji kaynak kullanımını artırmak, bu çevresel zararı azaltabilmek için büyük bir fırsat oluşturmaktadır. Bu enerji kaynakları içerisinde en büyük potansiyele sahip alternatif enerji kaynağı biyokütledir. Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde özellikle Akdeniz Bölgesinde yoğun olarak yetiştiriciliği yapılan muz bitkisi tarımsal artıklarının enerji kaynağı olarak değerlendirilebilmesi olanakları araştırılmıştır. 2018 yılında 498.888 ton/yıl üretimi yapılan muz bitkisi için tarımsal faaliyetler sonucunda yaklaşık olarak 209.448 ton kuru biyokütle artığı açığa çıkmaktadır ve bu artıkların enerji olarak geri dönüştürüldüğünde ise 987 MW enerji potansiyeline sahip olacağı hesaplanmıştır. Bu potansiyele bağlı olarak muz artıklarının, Türkiye’deki katı biyoyakıt olarak enerjiye dönüştürülebilme olanakları ve ülke ekonomisine katkıda bulunabilirliği tartışılmıştır.

Bu araştırma, Türkiye’de tescilli bazı kırmızı mercimek çeşitlerinin Isparta ekolojisinde verim ve verim unsurlarının belirlenmesi için 2016 - 2017 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, 11 adet tescilli kırmızı mercimek çeşidinde bitki boyu, ilk bakla bağlama yüksekliği, bitkide bakla ve tane sayısı, bitki verimi, biyolojik verimi, birim alan tane verimi, yüz tane ağırlığı, su alma kapasitesi ve tane protein oranı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Varyans analiz sonuçlarına göre, incelenen tüm özelliklerde çeşitler arasında istatistiki yönden önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, çeşitlerin ortalaması olarak bitki boyu 27,50-32,80 cm, ilk bakla yüksekliği 9,23-20,20 cm, bitkide bakla sayısı 30,13-50,73 adet, bitkide tane sayısı 40,96-64,70 adet, bitki tane verimi 0,49-2,07 g, biyolojik verimi 223,8-506,9 kg/da, birim alan tane verimi 66,0-195,8 kg/da, yüz tane ağırlığı 2,91-3,64 g, su alma kapasitesi 0,027-0,033 g/tane ve protein oranı %27,68-32,27 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Kırmızı mercimek çeşitleri arasında en yüksek birim alan tane verimine Çiftçi çeşidi sahip olmuştur. Kafkas çeşidi ikinci sırada yer almakla birlikte; bu çeşidin ilk bakla bağlama yüksekliği makineli hasat için önerilen 12 cm sınırında olması, önemli bir dezavantaj olarak görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, Isparta ili ve benzer ekolojik koşullara sahip yörelerde kırmızı mercimek tarımının yapılabileceği, kırmızı mercimek tarımında tane ve protein verimini arttırmak için Çiftçi kırmızı mercimek çeşidinin önerilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Bu çalışmada makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinde (Levante, Zenit, Yelken 2000, Dumlupınar, Eminbey, Altın, Ç-1252, ve Kızıltan-91) azot dozlarının verim ve kalite özelliklerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırma 2010–2012 yetiştirme sezonunda Isparta ekolojik koşullarında 0, 5, 10 ve 15 kg/da N dozları kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışma tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde, faktöriyel düzenlemede üç tekerrürlü yürütülmüştür. Fosforun tamamı (6 kg/da P2O5) ve azotun yarısı ekimle birlikte, azotun diğer yarısı kardeşlenme döneminde verilmiştir. İki yılık araştırma sonucunda, azot dozlarının incelenen tüm özelliklere (m2’de başak sayısı, tane verimi, 1000 tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, camsılık ve protein oranı) önemli etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak azotlu gübrelemenin etkisi çeşitlere göre önemli farklılık göstermiştir. Genel olarak azot miktarının 10 kg/da üzerine çıkarılması, 1000 tane ağırlığı hariç diğer özelliklerde istatistiksel olarak önemli bir artış meydana getirmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, tane verimi ve kalite özellikleri dikkate alındığında, 10 kg/da N dozu ve Çeşit-1252, Altın, Kızıltan-91 ve Dumlupınar çeşitlerinin Isparta koşullarında yetiştiriciliği tavsiye edilebilir.

Gümüşhacıköy Basma is famous for its aromatic structure in oriental type tobacco. However, it is known that new types of oriental tobacco have become widespread by adding Taşova, Erbaa and Niksar lines to the production area of this type of tobacco, especially due to the decrease in production since the beginning of 2000s. In this study, yield and quality performances of some oriental tobacco parents and hybrids in Gümüşhacıköy ecological conditions and heterosis and heterobeltiosis values of these hybrids were emphasized. Hybrid lines were obtained in 2016 by half-diallel hybridization from Xanthi-2A, Erbaa, Nail, Katerini and Canik 10821 (Sıtmasuyu) genotypes. The study was carried out with 5 parents and 4 F1 populations with their hybrids. Yield and yield related characteristics (plant height, number of leaves, leaf width and height), as well as glucose, fructose, nicotine, chlorogenic acid and routine contents were examined. It was determined that genotypes showed significant differences in all traits except leaf length. Hybrids outperformed their parents in all parameters except plant height and number of leaves. This advantage was 8.42% in yield, 7.73% in quality, 8.64% in reducing sugar, 3.49% in nicotine and 15.20% in chlorogenic acid + routine. The effect of leaf width on yield and chlorogenic acid + routine content on quality were determined. As a result of the study, when heterosis and heterobeltiosis data were evaluated, it was found that Xanthi 2A x Katerini hybrid showed promising results.

Bu çalışmada farklı oranlarda toprağa karıştırılan vermikompostun, çörek otu bitkisinin çinkolu gübre ihtiyacına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Sera şartlarında yürütülen denemede; çörek otu bitkisine mikoriza inokülasyonunun etkisi de belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla yetiştirme toprağına %0; 2,5; 5, 10 ve 20 oranlarında vermikompost karıştırılmış ve 2 dozda çinkolu gübre (0-0,75 kg Zn/da) uygulanmıştır. Tohum ekimi sırasında kök bölgesine G. Mosseae türü mikoriza eklenmiş ve bitki gelişimi takip edilmiştir. Olgunlaşma dönemine gelen ve tohum teşekkülü gerçekleşen bitkiler hasat edilmiştir. Kökte spor ve hif sayısının vermikompost uygulamaları ile önemli oranda değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Bitkide kapsül sayısı, tane sayısı, tane ağırlığı, bitki boyu, biyomas, tane K, P içeriği ve Zn içeriği vermikompost uygulamaları ile önemli oranda etkilenmiştir Tane P, K, Fe ve Zn içerikleri de çinko uygulamaları ile önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir. Vermikompost ve mikoriza etkileşimi de kapsül tane sayısı, tane ağırlığı, tane K ve Fe içeriğinde önemli farklılık göstermiştir. Yapılan vermikompost, mikoriza ve Zn uygulamalarının üçlü interaksiyonu da bitki boyu ve tanede Zn içeriği dışındaki tüm parametrelerde önemli bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak vermikompost uygulamasının bitki gelişim parametrelerini diğer dozlara göre olumlu yönde etkilediği ve %2,5 dozunun ekonomik olması nedeniyle tavsiye edilebileceği tespit edilmiştir.

The use of dried cheese in food production and food preparation sectors is becoming increasingly widespread. Dried cheese is preferred because of their longer shelf life at room temperatures, smaller packaging sizes, practical use, and their ease of homogenization in food products. Various technologies are currently being used for the drying of cheese and efforts are still being made to develop new methods. Freeze drying is a highly preferred technique for the production of dried cheese due to high quality of the final product. Instant removal of water and low process temperatures ensure an effective prevention of chemical and microbial deterioration. In this study, White, Kashar and Tulum cheeses were dried by freeze-drying method. Physicochemical analyses were carried out on the first day in order to determine the initial quality of cheese samples. The moisture and salt content were highest in White cheese, titratable acidity and fat content were highest in Tulum Cheese. Freze dried cheese samples were stored in room conditions for 6 months and changes in microbial populations such as mesophilic aerobic bacteria, yeast and moulds, lactic acid bacteria, Staphylococci spp. and coliform group bacteria were determined. The results showed that Tulum Cheese contained highest microbial counts in general. The number of bacteria was 7.71±0.10 log cfu/g in Tulum Cheese, 5.70±0.07 log cfu/g in White cheese. Total counts of yeasts and molds were 7.37±0.06 log cfu/g for Tulum cheese and 4.92±0.07 log cfu/g for Kashar Cheese. Statistical analysis was performedby using Minitab Statistical Package Program to evaluate the results of microbiological analysis on dried cheese samples.

South Anatolian Red (SAR) and Native Southern Yellow (NSY) cattle are commonly reared in the southern region of Turkey. Although physical characteristics of these significant races that are under protection are similar, it is determined in various studies that they have different racial characteristics. The goal of this study is to evaluate lactation characteristics of two different breeds in the same region. It is observed that NSY milk has higher dry matter (%), fat (%), protein (%), lactose (%), total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (g 100g-1) ratios than SAR milk. In the study, eight volatiles (indoles, ketones, terpenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, alcohols) of the cattle types are researched and analyzed and they are compared during lactation periods. At the end of lactation, esters and carboxylic acids increased in NSY milk, while ketones and aldehydes in SAR milk increased. It is seen that alcohols are the most abundant volatile components found in milk of cattle. On the other hand, it is observed that lactation stages, forage type and botanical diversity affect milk flavor and quality.

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal time to harvest and length of the harvesting period in two early-maturing Okitsu and Clausellina mandarins and two early-maturing Navelina and Newhall oranges under Güzelyurt-Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) ecological conditions. Fruit weight, fruit length, rind thickness, fruit juice, brix, acid and brix/acid ratio were determined. Fruit were harvested at three different times. Okitsu and Clausellina mandarins were harvested in September, October and November; Navelina and Newhall oranges were harvested in October, November and December. Harvest date x variety interaction effect was significantly important on fruit weight, fruit height and maturity index in mandarins whereas interaction effect of harvest date and variety was significantly important on fruit weight, citric acid concentration and maturity index in orange varieties. Maturity indexes were found 4.22, 7.26 and 10.34 on September, October and December, respectively in mandarins whereas maturity indexes were determined as 6.47, 9.47 and 13.42 in oranges. Additionally, fruit size were positively affected by the increasing harvest date in mandarin and orange varieties. As a result of the findings obtained from this study, the optimum harvest date for mandarin varieties and Newhall navel as october and it was determined that the optimum harvest date Navelina navel was November under Güzelyurt ecological conditions