Eight-year-old Abies fraseri seedlings were grown under different irrigation regimes to determine how drought stress might affect the seedlings in terms of gas exchange parameters. In this study, net photosynthesis (Anet), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 (Ci), Ci to ambient CO2 (Ca) concentration ratio (Ci/Ca), intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), and water use efficiency (WUE) were measured on August 11 and 27. Irrigation and measurement time were statistically significant on all gas exchange parameters except WUE for irrigation and measurement time and Anet for measurement time. E and gs were significant under the irrigation and measurement time interactions. In this study, increasing irrigation generally decreased Anet, and gs, while increased E, iWUE, and Ci/Ca. On August 27, A. fraseri had higher Anet, gs, E, Ci, Ci/Ca, and lower iWUE values than August 11. However, there was a robust positive correlation between gs and Anet, while a negative correlation between gs and iWUE in A. fraseri seedlings. In general, prolonged water deficiency leads plants to decrease Anet, gs, and E while iWUE increases, contrary to the current study. A well-developed and deeper root system, especially in plants under less or no-irrigation regimes, may alleviate drought stress effects in the long run and provide an advantage in leaf gas exchange parameters. In addition, the fact that soil moisture did not differ much between treatments, although irrigation levels were different, may explain the similar behavior among individuals measured in terms of gas exchange parameters.

This study was performed to determine the genotype and allele frequencies and the association between the leptin gene Sau3AI polymorphism and some performance traits in Simmental (n=60) and Brown Swiss (n=62) cattle in the province of Erzurum, Türkiye. Considering the allele frequencies in the population, the frequency of the A allele was 0.87 and the frequency of the B allele was 0.13 in Simmental cattle, and the frequency of the A allele was 0.94 and the frequency of the B allele was 0.06 in Brown Swiss cattle. According to the analysis conducted in the Simmental breed, the general averages were found to be 5422.4 ± 1901.74 kg for actual milk yield, 5626.6 ± 1475.85 kg for 305-day milk yield, 298.7 ± 84.80 days for lactation duration, and 18.5 ± 4.84 kg for daily milk yield. As a result of the analysis in the Brown Swiss breed, the general averages were 3917.8 ± 1584.38 kg for actual milk yield, 4614.3 ± 982.62 kg for 305-day milk yield, 254.9 ± 99.88 days for lactation duration, and 16.0 ± 3.82 kg for daily milk yield. According to the statistical analysis results, the impact of genotype on milk yield traits was insignificant in Simmental and Brown Swiss cattle.

Cutting reproduction is the cheapest and most practical method for plants capable of clonal regeneration. However, the difficulties in adventitious root formation in black mulberry cuttings create a disadvantage for mulberry growers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IBA and Paclobutrazol applications on the rooting ability of black mulberry hardwood cuttings. The experiment was carried out in the polyethylene greenhouse of Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Agricultural Research and Application Center in February 2022. As a material, hardwood cuttings prepared from one-year-old branches of breeding black mulberry trees within the body of the directorate were used. The study was set up in a randomized plot design with 3 replications and 15 cuttings in each replication. In the study, pure water as a control group, 6000 ppm IBA and doses of 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm and 3000 ppm Paclobutrazol respectively were applied to black mulberry wood cuttings separately and together. After the application, the cuttings were planted in perlite medium. The cuttings were kept in the rooting medium for 90 days and then removed; rooting rate, root number, root length and root diameter values were recorded. As a result of the study, the effect of the applications on the root number of the cuttings was not observed while the rooting rate, root length and root diameter parameters were observed. In terms of rooting rate, the best result was obtained from IBA+PBZ 1000 application (40.00%) compared to the control group (0.0%). The highest root length was determined in IBA 6000 application, and the thickest root diameter values were determined in PBZ 1000 application.

A comparative study between natural and synthetic environments is carried out by realizing six fermentation experiments in batch culture. The objective of this study is to consider the effect of carbon sources on growth and the production of glutamic acid by Corynebacterium glutamicum 2262. The difference between the culture media lies in the carbon source. Two natural environments of date juice, one of which is treated with invertase to hydrolyse sucrose with a concentration of total sugars of 88 g/L. Four synthetic media with a concentration of 34 g/L sugars: medium containing mixed sugars (glucose + fructose + sucrose) with rates proportional to that of date juice, the other three media are composed of a single sugar (either glucose, fructose, or sucrose). The results showed that Corynebacterium glutamicum is able to use the three sugars whether they are single or mixed, although the best results of glutamate production (8.41 g/L) are obtained on the mixture of three sugars, which explains the interest and valorisation of date waste. On the other hand, the date juice-based media are shown to have a glutamate concentration of 7.98 g/L during the hydrolysis of sucrose of date juice.

The main purpose of Agricultural Credit Cooperatives is to meet the credit needs of their partners. In addition to this purpose, meeting the input and home consumption requirements of the partners and marketing the various products grown by the partners are among the objectives. The ability of these cooperatives to perform the expected functions more effectively is directly related to the participation of their members in their activities, and the determination of their expectations and suggestions. For this reason, in this study, it is aimed to determine and comparatively evaluate the expectations and satisfaction of its members regarding the functions and activities of Agricultural Credit Cooperatives. The primary data used in the study were compiled by a survey study conducted with 93 randomly selected partners from 3 Agricultural Credit unit cooperatives in Trabzon. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to statistically test the extent to which the expectations of the partners were met. Most of the surveyed partners care about the attitudes and behavior of the cooperatives towards their members, their following the innovations, their activities on issues such as agricultural input supply, input quality, price policy and extension. The partners generally find Agricultural Credit Cooperatives successful in their activities. However, when a comparative analysis is made with the expectations, it is concluded that the expectations are not fully satisfied.

This is study is based with the support of RS-GIS technology on the land use of Samsun Center, as well as the coastal districts of Ilkadım,Atakum,Bafra Plain, through the processing and interpretation of satellite images in the summer months of 2000,2010,2020. Spatial and temporal variability properties of LU/LC were determined using MLC algorithm, controlled classification approach. The predictive values of the LU/LC change that will occur in 2030, calculated with the MLP‑ANN model based on Machine Learning algorithms and mapped with the QGIS 3.16 program. To determine the accuracy coefficient of the model, 2020 LU/LC simulation performed using the transition potential matrix of 2000 and 2010 LU/LC data. The results of simulation were compared the data of land use land cover with the 2020 to evaluate the accuracy of the simulation model. The model of MLP‑ANN provided an accuracy of 72% based on the kappa fit index. According to MLP‑ANN model 2030 results were an increase of 73.33 km² in built up areas, an increase of 56.89 km² in bare areas, and a decrease of 129.66 km² in green areas. It provided a reference basis for future Samsun urban to rural coastline LU planning and management and LU structure optimization.

Ülkemiz florası yerel buğdaylar bakımından önemli bir çeşitliliğe ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Bu araştırmada 20 yerel ekmeklik buğday hattı ile 5 tescilli ekmeklik buğday çeşidinin verim ve bazı verim unsurları yönüyle karşılaştırılarak ümit var genotiplerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda tarla denemeleri 2012-2013 ve 2013-2014 yetiştirme sezonlarında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine uygun olarak üç tekerrür ile Çanakkale’de kurulmuştur. Ekmeklik buğday genotipleri bitki boyu, başak uzunluğu, başaktaki başakçık sayısı, başak ağırlığı, başaktaki tane ağırlığı, başaktaki tane sayısı, metrekarede başak sayısı, metrekarede tane sayısı, biyolojik verim, hasat indeksi ve tane verimi özellikleri bakımından değerlendirilmiş, elde edilen sonuçlar varyans analizi ve duncan testi ile yorumlanmıştır. Varyans analizi sonucunda genotipler arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Tescilli çeşitler tane verimi, hasat indeksi, başak ağırlığı, başakta tane ağırlığı, başakta tane sayısı ve metrekarede tane sayısı özellikleri bakımından yerel hatlardan üstün bulunmuştur. Buna karşılık yerel hatların yüksek bitki boyu, biyolojik verim ve başakçık sayısı bakımından öne çıkarak tane özellikleri hedef alınarak ıslah edilmiş tescilli çeşitlere kıyasla daha gelişmiş bir vejetatif aksama sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Yüksek tane verimleri ile öne çıkan Hakkâri TR 47982/5 and Kırklareli TR 38316/2 hatları ise ümit var genotipler olarak belirlenmiştir.

Background: Matricaria chamomilla L. (M. chamomilla) is a famous medicinal plant distributed worldwide. It is widely used in traditional medicine to treat all kinds of diseases, including infections, neuropsychiatric, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and liver disorders. It is also used as a sedative, antispasmodic, antiseptic, and antiemetic. Our aims in this study was thus to quantify the phenolic, flavonoids contents in the flower of this plant, and also to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant potential and the in vivo analgesic activity. Methods: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the plant aqueous extract (MCAqE) were estimated using the Folin–Ciocalteu and AlCl3 colorimetric methods, respectively. However, DPPH method was used to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity. Analgesic activity was tested by acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. Results: Quantitative determination of total polyphenols and flavonoids revealed that this extract contained 158.41±1.6 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dry extract and 37.06±0.56 mg quercetin equivalent/g of dry extract, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the plant extract was important (IC50=3.08±0.25 mg/mL). MCAqE extract, at 400 mg/kg, showed analgesic activity (39.60±8.70%) against acetic acid induced pain in mice while the standard reference drug Diclofenac sodium exhibited 90.44±2.80% activity at 10 mg/kg dose.

İklim değişikliğinin toprak erozyonu da dâhil olmak üzere daha şiddetli çevresel problemlere yol açması beklenmektedir. Bu araştırmada Yeşilırmak Havzasın da toprak erozyonu yoluyla meydana gelen sediment verimi ve sediment tutma kapasitesi üzerine iklim değişikliğinin etkilerinin InVEST sediment iletim modeli ile incelenmesine yöneliktir. Araştırmada İklim değişikliğinin toprak erozyonu üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi için GFDL-CM3 (Jeofiziksel Akışkanlar Dinamiği Laboratuvarı İklim Modeli Sürüm III) genel dolaşım modelinin RCP4.5 ve RCP8.5 senaryoları kullanılmıştır. 2070’ li yıllara kadar Yeşilırmak Havzasında referans döneme göre sediment veriminde ve sediment tutunma oranlarında sırasıyla %9,48 ve %12,47 düzeyine varan azalışlar öngörülmüştür. Toprak erozyonu oranlarındaki azalmanın temel sebebi yağış miktarlarındaki düşüşlerden kaynaklanan yağış erozovitesindeki azalmadan kaynaklanmaktadır ve bu azalmanın etkisi sulak alan sistemlerine ve tarım arazilerine olumlu şekilde yansıması öngörülmüştür. Ayrıca, bu araştırma gelecekteki iklim değişikliğinin toprak erozyonuna olası etkilerinin mekânsal ve zamansal olarak tahmin edilmesinde InVEST model yaklaşımının avantajlarına işaret etmektedir.

Impact of Covid-19 pandemic introduced with itself some socio-economic transformation as well as a myriad of problems. Closure of borders, alongside a fall in trade and human mobility brought forward concerns related to the self-sufficiency of nations. Throughout the pandemic outbreak, there was an emerging need for the countries to harness their own manufacturing resources and capacity efficiently to answer soaring demands of domestic market. At this point, visibility of agricultural sector has become foregrounded because of its inherent role in food and nutrition. Particularly speaking; producers who supplied need for seasonal labor from other countries were forced to take instantaneous measures and implement political changes. In Türkiye, since demand for seasonal labor could be met through domestic resources, it was feasible to prevent any failures during manufacturing process. Nevertheless, there were common concerns arising among the public on the measures to take for the work and life conditions of seasonal agricultural workers and required policies to implement. Within the context of this study, research on the discussions, practices, and measures to follow for agricultural sector during Covid-19 pandemic period has been conducted. Analyses have been drawn on the regulation in Türkiye and relevant policies have been suggested.