Refine search
Results 31-40 of 349
Economic Efficiency of Sorghum and Millet Production for Small Scale Farmers in Traditional Rainfed, North Kordofan State, Sudan Full text
2018
Ibrahim Elnour Ibrahim
The purpose of this study was to measure and analyse the economic efficiency, and to identify the main factor behind economic efficiency of sorghum and millet for small scale farmers in traditional rainfed sector in North Kordofan State. Primary data is collected using structured questionnaire for a sample of 205 farmers from four localities namely (Sheikan, Umrwaba, Elnuhoud, and Elkhowi). Stochastic frontier approach (cost function) was used to analyse economic efficiency and descriptive statistics were used to analyse socio-economic characteristics of farmers. The results of stochastic frontier cost function revealed that the estimated economic efficiency of the sorghum and millet farmers obtained was found the mean economic efficiency to be 39% and 15%, respectively. The economic efficiency is very weak, because most parameters and inefficiency effect factor found to be not significant, these determinants may give a clear picture of farmers that could be targeted in order to increase efficiency
Show more [+] Less [-]The Effect of Increasing Humic Acid Applications on Some Nutrient Contents of Cress (Lepidium sativum L.) Plant Full text
2018
Aydın Adiloğlu | Sevinç Adiloğlu | Mehmet Rüştü Karaman | Yusuf Solmaz | Funda Eryilmaz Açikgöz
This research was done to determine the effect of increasing Humic acid application on some nutrient element contents of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) plant. For this purpose according to randomize block experimental design, an experiment was done with three replications in greenhouse conditions. Cress plant seed was sowed 1.5 g/ m2. Four humic acid doses (I. dose: 0 mL /m2, II. dose: 8 mL /m2, III. dose: 16 mL /m2 and IV. dose: 24 mL /m2) were applied to cress plant. Then cress plants were harvested 30 days after planting. Dry matter yield and some nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) contents of plants were determined. According to the results, important increases some nutrient element contents of plants were determined with increasing humic acid applications. These increases were found 1. dose 5.52%, and 4. dose 6.04%, for N element, respectively. Other macro elements P (0.70%, and 0. 82%); K (6.85%, and 7.67%); Ca (1.72%, and 2.01%); Mg (0.13% and 0.15%) and S (1.04%, and 1.17%), respectively. Some micro element (Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) contents of cress plant, 1. dose: 89.86, 9.59, 59.50 and 56.20; 4. dose: 102.17, 11.03, 67.67 and 76.63 mgkg-1, respectively. These increases were found statistically significant at the level of 5% for each nutrient element, except Mg.
Show more [+] Less [-]Morphology, Pathogenicity and Management of Coniella Fruit Rot (Coniella granati) on Pomegranate Full text
2018
Aysun Uysal | Şener Kurt | Emine Mine Soylu | Merve Kara | Soner Soylu
One of the objectives of the study was to identify the fungus involved in fruit rot on pomegranates in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. The fungus designated as Coniella granati (Saccardo) Petrak and Sydow based on morphological characteristics. The fungus colonized the fruit after 5 to 8 days, followed by the appearance of fruit rot symptoms leading to the formation of abundant pycnidia covering the peel. Secondly, the efficacy of fungicides against C. granati was evaluated by mycelial growth and conidial germination assays. Tebuconazole, boscalid+pyraclostrobin and iprodione at 1.0, 25, and 50 μgml-1 concentrations, respectively, completely inhibited mycelial growth. In the azoxystrobin and dodine, relatively higher concentrations required to inhibit mycelial growth. Tebuconazole exhibited the greatest inhibition (82.2%) of mycelium growth. The EC50 values in mycelial growth of C. granati ranged from 0.13 to 151.9. The highest EC50 values occurred for tebuconazole (0.13μgml-1). Tebuconazole, boscalid+pyraclostrobin and iprodione at 200, 10 and 5 μgml-1 concentrations, respectively, were the highly effective in inhibiting conidial germination. Azoxystrobin exhibited a low effect (61%) on conidial germination. The EC50 values on conidial germination of C. granati ranged from 0.2 to 28.7. Tebuconazole had the lowest EC50 value, while boscalid+pyraclostrobin exhibited the highest EC50 value.
Show more [+] Less [-]Siyez Buğdayına (Triticum monococcum) Metal İşleme Sıvısı Etkilerinin ICP-OES Yöntemiyle Değerlendirilmesi Full text
2018
Sefa Pekol
Atık metal işleme sıvısına maruz bırakılan siyez buğdayında metal birikim seviyeleri gövde ve kökte ICP-OES ölçümleri le ayrı ayrı belirlenmiştir. Kökte özellikle demir, manganez ve krom kontrol grubuna göre deneme gruplarında metal işleme sıvısının miktarına bağlı olarak iki katına kadar yükselmiştir. Gövdedeki demir, mangan ve alüminyum iki kat artmış, ayrıca çinko ve nikel de artış eğilimi gözlenmiştir. Siyez buğdayının büyümesi önemli derecede engellenmiştir. Metal işleme sıvısı oranı arttıkça bitkinin gelişimi azaldı, 1MS/20 su deneme grubunda bitki canlılığını kaybetmiştir. Ekosistemde yağmur suyu, yüzey suları ve akiferler için atık metal işleme sıvısı ciddi bir tehdit oluşturabilir.
Show more [+] Less [-]Yarı-Kurak Bölgede Tesis Edilen Bir Üzümsü Meyve Bahçesindeki Toprak Sıkışması Full text
2018
Gulden Balcı | Tuğrul Yakupoğlu
Bu çalışmanın amacı, yarı kurak iklim bölgesinde tesis edilen ve farklı kök sistemlerine sahip olan üzümsü meyvelerinin toprak sıkışması üzerine etkilerinin araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla ahududu, böğürtlen ve gojiberi yetiştiriciliği yapılan bahçede toprak sıkışmasını değerlendirmek için hacim ağırlığı, penetrasyon direnci ve kesme direnci ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, bahçedeki henüz üç yaşındaki bitkilerin toprakların hacim ağırlığı üzerine bir etkisi bulunmamıştır. Ancak kök sistemleri birbirinden farklı olan bu bitkilerden böğürtlen ve gojiberinin toprakların penetrasyon direncine etkisi aynı iken ahududunun yetiştiği toprağın penetrasyon direnci diğer ikisinden istatiksel bakımdan farklı ve daha düşük bulunmuştur. Her üç bitkinin yetiştiği toprağın kesme direncinin birbirinden istatiksel bakımdan farklı olduğu, yetiştikleri toprakların kesme direnci değerleri bakımından bitkilerin böğürtlen
Show more [+] Less [-]Nil Tilapyası, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Karaciğer Dokusunda Kurşunun Neden Olduğu Oksidatif Strese Karşı Humik Maddelerin Koruyucu Etkisi Full text
2018
Ferbal Özkan Yılmaz | Zülfiye Su | Arzu Özlüer-Hunt | Metin Yıldırım | Serap Yalın
Bu araştırmada, subletal kurşun (Pb) derişiminin Nil tilapyası (Oreochromis niloticus)’nda antioksidan enzim sistemi üzerine etkilerine karşı, yeme katılan humik maddenin koruyucu etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla 1,5 mg/L kurşun nitrat Pb(NO3)2 ortam derişimi etkisindeki balıklar, %0,2 oranında humik madde katkısı bulunan yem ile beslenmişlerdir. Kontrol grubu, humik madde (HM), Pb, ve Pb+HM grublarını içeren bu çalışmada 4. ve 10. günlerde karaciğer doku örnekleri alınmıştır. Karaciğer dokusu katalaz (CAT) ve süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) enzim aktiviteleri ve lipid peroksidasyon ürünü olan malondealdehit (MDA) seviyesi, kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında, subletal kurşun derişimi uygulanan grupta 4. ve 10. günlerde önemli oranda arttığı belirlenmiştir. Pb grubu ile HM+Pb grubu karşılaştırıldığında, CAT ve SOD aktivitesinde önemli bir değişime neden olmadığı, ancak humik madde uygulamasının karaciğer dokusu lipid peroksidasyonu üzerine Pb toksisitesinin etkisini azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Deneme sonuçlarına göre, yeme ilave edilen %0,2 humik madde, 1,5 mg/L Pb ortam derişiminin, O. niloticus karaciğer dokusu lipid peroksidasyon üzerindeki toksisitesini belirli düzeyde azalttığı belirlenmiştir.
Show more [+] Less [-]Türkiye Peynir Sektörünün Uluslararası Rekabetçiliğinin Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleriyle Karşılaştırılmalı Analizi Full text
2018
Mustafa Terin | Fahri Yavuz
Peynir, protein ve kalsiyum bakımından zengin bir gıda maddesi olmasının yanı sıra, uluslararası ticarette de önemli bir yere sahiptir. Dünya süt ürünleri ihracatının %40,3’ü peynir ticaretinden oluşmaktadır. Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinden Almanya, Hollanda, Fransa, İtalya ve Danimarka yanında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Yeni Zelanda ve Avusturalya uluslararası peynir ticaretinde önemli bir paya sahiptir. Almanya, Hollanda, Fransa, İtalya ve Danimarka 2016 yılı itibariyle dünya peynir ticaretinin %54,8’ini ve Avrupa Birliği toplam peynir ihracatının %71,8’ini gerçekleştirmektedir. Türkiye 2016 yılındaki 150 milyon dolar peynir ihracatı ile dünya sıralamasında 25. sırada yer almaktadır. Türkiye süt ürünleri ihracatının %45,0’i peynir ihracatından oluşmaktadır. Türkiye ve AB uluslararası peynir ticaretinde net ihracatçı konumdadır. Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye peynir sektörünün uluslararası ticaretteki rekabet gücünü belirlemek ve AB ve seçilmiş AB üyesi ülkelerle karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmanın verileri Uluslararası Ticaret Merkezi veri tabanından (2001-2016) derlenmiştir. Uluslararası rekabet gücünü ölçmede Balassa (RCA) ve Vollrath (RXA, RTA, RC) indeksleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada bu indekslerin yanı sıra uluslararası rekabet gücünün karşılaştırılmasında Ticaret Dengesi İndeksi de kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, Türkiye’nin ortalama RXA, RTA, RC ve TBI indeks sonuçları sırasıyla 0,44, 0,34, 1,51 ve 0,49 ve AB-28’için bu sonuçlar sırasıyla 2,21, 0,34, 0,17 ve 0,10 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Türkiye uluslararası peynir ticaretinde karşılaştırmalı avantaja sahip olmasına rağmen, AB’nin avantajı, Türkiye’ye göre daha fazladır.
Show more [+] Less [-]Analysis of Financial Performance in Dairy Enterprises; The Case Study of Konya, Turkey Full text
2018
Cennet Oğuz | Aysun Yener
Analysis of Financial Performance in Dairy Enterprises; The Case Study of Konya, Turkey Full text
2018
Cennet Oğuz | Aysun Yener
Sustainability and development of the dairy enterprises are dependent on competitiveness. Determination of the performance of the enterprises requires measurement and analyses of the financial performance of the enterprises. The ability of dairy enterprises to continue and grow is dependent on competitiveness. It requires that the financial performance of the farm enterprises be measured and analysed in order for the enterprises to be able to detect the competition power in a healthy manner. The aim of the study is to analyse the financial performance of the dairy enterprises in Konya province by determining the capital structure. Çumra, Karapınar and Ereğli districts constituted 15% of the number of bovine animals, were selected by using sampling method. The number of dairy cattle in these enterprises constituted the main frame of the population the primary data collected from 125 dairy farm enterprises with questionnaire technique through stratified sampling method with 95% confidence interval and error margin of 5%. The capital structure of the enterprises surveyed in the research area was classified according to their functions and the average active capital of the enterprises was calculated as 845,330.85$. 67.87% of the active capital is composed of land capital, 31.70% is composed of fixed enterprises capital and 0.43% is variable working capital. The economic profitability level (EP) was determined as 6.90% and the financial profitability level (FP) indicated the success of the enterprise was calculated as 7.06%. The capital turnover rate, an important indicator in the success and comparison of the enterprises, is 28.22%. As a result, their development and competitiveness are slow, because they do not use enough business and investment capital.
Show more [+] Less [-]Response of Soil Chemical Properties under Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) Field to Integrated Application of Lantana camara L. Weed Vermicompost and NPS Mineral Fertilizer Full text
2024
Kinfe Tekulu | Weldegebriel Gebrehiwot | Gebresemaeti Kahsu | Tsadik Tadele | Tewolde Berhe | Solomon Mebrahtom
Recently, the beauty of the environment, native forest plants, and crops were encroached with invasive weeds, and thus scientific community was concerned with searching for optional management of these horrible weeds. Accordingly, vermicomposting of invasive weeds with the purpose of utilization management was evaluated as an alternative option and cost-effective management. Utilization management included keeping the environment safe from expanding invasive weeds by using these weeds as vermicomposting materials. Consequently, vermicompost was produced from L. camara invasive weed and this produced vermicompost was interactively used with chemical fertilizer to appraise its effect on soil chemical properties after the tef crop was harvested. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial combination with three replications. Four levels of L. camara vermicompost amendment (0, 2, 4, and 6 t·ha−1) and four levels of NPS fertilizer (0, 100, 150, and 200 kg·ha−1) were used in the combination of the treatments. Disturbed composite soil sampling at a depth of 20 cm was carried out, one sample before planting and 48 samples after harvesting of the tef crop. The results showed that the combined addition of vermicompost and NPS fertilizers at the rate of 6 t·ha−1 and 200 kg·ha−1, respectively, significantly increased plant-available phosphorus (Av. P). Reversely, the pH of the soil remained unchanged when the soil was treated with the integration of vermicompost and NPS fertilizer or at their separate individual application. Most of the soil chemical properties, i.e. soil organic carbon (SOC), electrical conductivity (EC), Av. P, total nitrogen (TN), carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C : N), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were found to be improved when the soil was amended with the highest dose of sole L. camara vermicompost fertilizer. The two-year consecutive organic fertilizer fertilization rate increased SOC from 63.64% to 107.56%, EC from 8.70% to 22.22%, Av. P from 40.87% to 143.13%, TN from 50% to 100%, C : N ratio from 8.14% to 11.58%, and CEC from 42.11% to 63.67% versus untreated plot. Single-application NPS chemical fertilizer has only an encouraging effect on Av. P and CEC of soil. The principal driving factor for any change in soil chemical properties was the L. camara vermicompost amendment. Therefore, using L. camara weed as a vermicompost can enhance soil fertility. This study offers the opportunity to convert the large biomass of L. camara weed into vermicompost through vermicomposting.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effects of Essential Oils for Broiler Chicks with Delayed Feeding after Hatching 2. Morphological Development of Small Intestine Full text
2018
Senay Sarıca | Menderes Suicmez | Muzaffer Corduk
Effects of Essential Oils for Broiler Chicks with Delayed Feeding after Hatching 2. Morphological Development of Small Intestine Full text
2018
Senay Sarıca | Menderes Suicmez | Muzaffer Corduk
The study investigated the effects of oregano- or red pepper-essential oil at delayed feeding (0, 24 and 48 h post-hatching) on performance and morphological development of small intestine segments. Female broilers were fed one of 3 rations including a control ration with no essential oil (CONT), the rations added with either oregano essential oil (OEO) or red pepper essential oil (RPEO) at 250 mg/kg to CONT. A total of 18 chicks from each treatment were used to measure the morphological parameters of the small intestine segments on the 14th day. Prolongation of accessing time to ration significantly decreased the body weights of broilers at 3rd, 7th and 14th d, feed intake (FI) from 4 to 7 d and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers at the period of 4-7 d. Access to ration for 48 h post-hatching significantly decreased the body weight gains at the period of 4-7 and 7-14 d, FI from 7 to 14 d and improved FCR of broilers at the period of 7-14 d. OEO250 ration significantly increased villus height (VH) and villus surface area (VSA) of jejunum (J) and ileum (I) of broilers fed immediately and the IVH and IVSA of broiler accessed to ration for 48 h post-hatching. VH of duodenum (D), IVH and IVSA of broilers fed for 24 h post-hatching were significantly increased by RPEO250 ration. OEO250 and RPEO250 rations significantly reduced crypt depth (CD) of D and J of broiler accessed to ration for immediate and DCD of broiler fed for 24 h post-hatching. OEO250 and RPEO250 rations significantly increased IVH and IVSA and reduced DCD, JCD and ICD of broilers. In conclusion, OEO250 and RPEO250 rations affected positively VH and VSA of I and reduced CDs of small intestine segments of broilers accessed to ration at different times.
Show more [+] Less [-]Mineralization and Crop Uptake of Nitrogen from Textile Manufacturing Wastewater Sludge Cake Full text
2012
T. P. McGonigle | E. G. Beauchamp | L. J. Evans | C. J. Wells
Wastewater sewage sludge cake from textile manufacturing was evaluated by soil incubation experiments and a greenhouse experiment for use as a soil amendment to provide crop N. Although the sludge had 96% of N in organic combination, 20% of total sludge N was released to soil as mineral N over 28 days. N mineralization from the sludge was indistinguishable from that seen for alfalfa shoot in parallel incubations. However, nitrification inhibition was seen for the alfalfa amendment. Soil respiration was low for the sludge treatments compared to the alfalfa treatments, suggesting that carbon substrates in the sludge were less easily broken down. A second incubation experiment indicated that fine fragmentation of the sludge is not necessary to ensure mineralization proceeds. In a greenhouse experiment, sludge N was approximately 25% as available to Zea mays L. as NH4NO3. The textile manufacturing sludge offered potential to offset N fertilizer requirement.
Show more [+] Less [-]Tüketicilerin Sert Kabuklu Kuruyemiş Tüketim Alışkanlıkları ve Satın Alma Davranışlarının Belirlenmesi: Siirt İli Örneği Full text
2018
Merve Kardeş | Koray Özrenk | Mustafa Terin
Çalışmanın amacı, Siirt ili kentsel alanda tüketicilerin sert kabuklu kuruyemiş tüketim alışkanlıkları ve satın alma davranışlarını belirlemektir. Çalışmanın ana materyalini Siirt ili kentsel alanda yaşayan 150 tüketiciden anket yoluyla toplanan veriler oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde, frekans tabloları ve tüketicilerin ailelerinde yeterli miktarda kuruyemiş tüketip tüketmedikleri düşüncesi logit model yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada, ankete katılanların %62,7’si erkek, %63,3’ü 25-40 yaş grubunda, %64,0’ü evli, %62,0’si 2001-4000 TL gelir grubunda, %49,3’ü ailede yeterli miktarda kuruyemiş tüketildiği, %56,0’sı kuruyemiş tüketiminin faydaları hakkında bilgiye sahip olduğu ve %78,7’sinin kuruyemişi, kuruyemişçilerden satın aldığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca ailede yeterli miktarda kuruyemiş tüketildiğini düşünme ile kuruyemiş tüketmenin faydalarını bilme arasında pozitif, cinsiyet arasında ise negatif bir ilişkini olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Show more [+] Less [-]