This study was carried out in Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Research, and Application Farm in 2021 to determine the effect of different irrigation water levels on tuber yield and quality parameters of the Agria potato variety. Drip irrigation method was used in the study and five different irrigation water levels (S1: 120% of the seven-day ETo, S2: 90% of the seven-day ETo, S3: 60% of the seven-day ETo, S4: 30% of the seven-day ETo, S5: No irrigation except germination and emergence) were determined based on the reference evapotranspiration (ETo). Irrigation water (IW) amounts varied between 85.66-639.26 mm and evapotranspiration varied between 296.54-825.15 mm. Different amounts of IW significantly affected the vegetative growth, yield and quality parameters of potato. As irrigation water decreased, total tuber yield and marketable yield declined. Total tuber yield and marketable yield were 46.11 t/ha and 40.59 t/ha, respectively, in S1 treatment where the maximum amount of IW was applied, while they were 12.96 t/ha and 6.37 t/ha, respectively, in S5 treatment where no irrigation was applied. Logarithmic relationships were determined between evapotranspiration and total yield and between the amount of IW and total yield. Water use efficiency was determined between 43.69-55.88 kg/(ha×mm) and irrigation water use efficiency between 32.34-51.86 kg/(ha×mm) and yield response factor (ky) was calculated as 1.19.

Son çalışmalar, astaksantinin merkezi sinir sistemi üzerinde koruyucu etkilere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak, astaksantinin hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) ile indüklenen oksidatif hasar üzerindeki etkileri ve apoptotik ile enflamatuar sistemlerle etkileşimi hala belirsizdir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma astaksantinin H2O2 ile indüklenen oksidatif stres sonrası glial hücre hasarı üzerindeki koruyucu etkisini ve bunda enflamatuar ve apoptotik yollarla etkileşimini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada C6 glioma hücreleri kullanıldı. H2O2 grubundaki hücreler H2O2 ile 24 saat boyunca inkübe edildi. Astaksantin grubundaki hücreler farklı konsantrasyonlarda astaksantin ile 24 saat boyunca inkübe edildi. Astaksantin + H2O2 grubundaki hücreler ise çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda astaksantin ile 1 saat boyunca inkübe edildikten sonra 24 saat boyunca H2O2’ye maruz bırakıldı. Hücre canlılığı XTT testi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Antioksidatif etkinin gösterilmesi için total oksidatif stres (TOS) ve total antioksidatif stres (TAS) ölçümleri yapıldı. Antiinflamatuar etkinin ölçümü için ELISA yöntemi ile TNF‑α ve IL‑1β ölçümleri yapıldı. Antiapoptotik etkinin ölçümü için ELISA yöntemi ile kaspaz 3, BAX ve Bcl‑2 ölçümleri yapıldı. H2O2 grubuna kıyasla astaksantin + H2O2 grubunda, astaksantin C6 hücrelerinde hücre canlılığını önemli ölçüde artırdı. Aynı zamanda, astaksantin antioksidatif stresin bir göstergesi olan TAS seviyelerini önemli ölçüde artırırken TOS seviyelerini düşürdü. Ayrıca, astaksantin TNF-α ve IL-1β gibi enflamasyon faktörlerini önemli ölçüde azalttı. Bunun yanı sıra, astaksantin apoptotik proteinleri olan bölünmüş kaspaz-3 ve Bax seviyelerini önemli ölçüde azaltırken, anti-apoptotik Bcl-2 protein seviyelerini artırdı. Özetlemek gerekirse, astaksantin, oksidatif stres, apoptoz ve enflamasyon belirteçlerini etkili bir şekilde inhibe ederek anlamlı bir koruyucu etki sağlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, olası temel mekanizmaları ele almak için daha kapsamlı bir araştırma gerekmektedir.

The concept of lighting is of great importance in providing the security that people need so that they can have a quality of life and in meeting their aesthetic needs. Lighting design is related to the physical structure and the environment, and thanks to the lighting design, the aesthetic and functional needs of people will be met and the quality of life will be increased. The need to reflect the historical, cultural and aesthetic values of the city has brought the issue of urban lighting to the agenda. Lighting systems, which are applied without paying attention to the necessary lighting standards and criteria, cause some problems in urban spaces. One of these problems is light pollution; It is generally defined as the use of light in the wrong place, in the wrong amount, in the wrong direction and at the wrong time. Light pollution adversely affects the natural life and daily lives of people, and it is necessary to take various measures to eliminate such negativities in human life, to detect and eliminate these problems. In this study; The standards for the lighting of the city parks obtained by the literature studies were determined, the current lighting situation of the Butterfly Valley Park and the recommended lighting design produced by the Relux software in accordance with the standards. According to the findings; In the current lighting project, the total power consumed as a result of the lighting of all the lamps of the area has been calculated as 96 005.0 W. In the proposed lighting project, the total power consumed as a result of the burning of all lamps was calculated as 27 630.0 W. The obtained energy gain was found to be 96 005.0 W – 36 700.0 W = 68 375.0 W. As a result of working in the light of this information, energy savings of 1 in 3 have been achieved.

Agricultural farming is a complicated system that involves continuous interactions among its multiple components over a period of time. The series of activities involved in farming practices have enormous contributions to ensure food security for the humanity. With the passage of time, agriculture sector faces diversified challenges like high food demand of rapidly growing population, scarcity of available resources and adverse effect of climate change. In developing countries like Bangladesh, food sufficiency is mostly achieved through intensive farming which has detrimental effects on natural resources, surrounding environment, and the whole ecosystem. The review attempts to discover the potentials of conservation agriculture practices for sustainable crop productivity and economic profitability of smallholder farmers in Bangladesh. This study revealed that conservation farm management practice is a cost-effective modernized technique that has the ability to accelerate crop productivity and farmers income through minimum utilization of agricultural inputs. Although the concept of conservation agriculture is widely practiced in other parts of the world, Bangladesh is experiencing a slow rate of adoption during the last few years. The policy implication of the study suggests that the government should take coordinated and combined initiatives involving both public and private sector organizations to incorporate this concept into the mainstream agricultural system of Bangladesh.

Chlorophyll meters manage both the amount and duration of nitrogen fertilizer application based on the principle that the chlorophyll or nitrogen content of plants should be maintained throughout their development. For smallholders in developing countries, the use of a hand-held meter to manage nitrogen fertilizer in rice and wheat is the most popular method. The adoption of nitrogen management strategies based on close sensing using chlorophyll meters and optical sensors will largely depend on the inclusion of specific economic analysis in future research. The importance of using sensors and chlorophyll meters for nitrogen fertilizer management depends on how successful current practices have been. In this study, five different nitrogen rates (0, 80, 120, 160, 200 kg N ha-1) were applied to two different wheat varieties, and the effect of these different nitrogen rates on wheat protein content was investigated in a randomized block design. A quadratic polynomial model described the relationship between protein content and nitrogen rates.

In the current paper, it was aimed to detect the SSR markers that can be used in the prevention of confusion that may occur in breeding or nurseries, and directly genetically separating Uzun and Kırmızı pistachio cultivars from other commercial cultivars. A total of genotypes of 16 Pistacia vera species, one P. atlantica, one P. eurycarpa and two P. terebinthus species were obtained from the farmer's orchard in Nizip district of Gaziantep province for genetic characterization. Genetic diversity and clustering analyzes were performed with UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average) and STRUCTURE 2.3.4 programs using the scored SSR loci. Genetic relationship and population structure of genotypes were defined using common and distinct polymorphic PCR fragments. Cultivar-specific markers to be used in identifying and distinguishing the genetic structure of Uzun and Kırmızı cultivars were carried out in the current research. CUPOhBa2127 marker has the highest allele number (Na=10). In addition, 11 out of 25 SSR markers were explained as cultivar-specific SSRs that can distinguish Uzun and Kırmızı cultivars. These markers can be used directly by breeders and geneticists without any preliminary screnning of the markers. A quite serious providence will be achieved in the cost and time that will occur with the preliminary analysis, and thus, the confusion that may occur in large scale orchard establishments or nurseries will be reduced to pretty low levels with DNA analysis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), the most pathogenic species among the pseudomonas species, is a bacterium that causes opportunistic infections resulting in significant damage to host tissues. P. aeruginosa, which is resistant to antibiotics, also causes fatal infection in human and animals. Infections caused by P. aeruginosa are difficult to treat due to its rapid proliferation in the environment and its ability to form biofilms that confer resistance to antibiotics. One of the main virulence factors of P. aeruginosa is its direct damage to host tissues, which disrupts the host’s defense mechanisms. P. aeruginosa is a food-borne pathogen often detected in various food groups such as meat, milk, fruit, vegetables, and water. In recent years, there has been a noticeable rise in food-borne contamination with P. aeruginosa. New measures are urgently needed in the treatment of patients with infections due to this agent, since P. aeruginosa can develop resistance to most antibacterials. In this review, general information about P. aeruginosa, which has gained importance for public health, will be given.

The study described herein aimed to investigate the relationship between perceptions of hormone usage and customer preferences for broiler meat and meat products in Sri Lanka with special reference to Kandy district. A total of 460 respondents from Kandy district were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. The analysis revealed that 85.9% of the respondents believes the fact that the hormones are used in broiler production. Also, 75.7% of the respondents were unaware about the fact that the hormones are totally banned from Sri Lankan broiler production. Around 71.4% believed that the hormones are still being used illegally in broiler production in Sri Lanka. The study also found that the general public (36.2%), was the main source that the respondents perceived this false information concerning hormone use. Similarly, 83.7% believes that these chemical substances create health hazards to human. 76.7% of the respondents strongly believed the fact that the adolescent girls who consume broiler meat regularly during their childhood may experience early puberty. The findings of the present study concluded that three misconceptions of (i) use of hormones to attain high growth rates in broilers (ii) hormones assumed to be present in broiler meat pose health hazards to public and (iii) frequent broiler meat consumption during childhood is accompanying with the early puberty in adolescent girls, do exists. Though the majority of the sample comprises of highly educated professionals, these misinformation were spreaded from the information generated among the general public. However stipulating a valid certification with no added hormone in broiler chicken meat will be helpful in changing the mind-set of general public.

In this study, seeds of cotton plants were coated with different boron concentrations and their effect on seedling growth was investigated. The experiment was carried out at Muş Alparslan University, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Plant Production and Technologies, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, according to the Randomized Plots Trial Design with 4 in laboratory and 3  in greenhouse replications, respectively. In the study, Di-sodium tetraborate decahydrate (Na2B4O7.10H20) (M=381.37 g mol-1)  with a minimum purity of 99% boron compound have been used in different doses; 0 (control), 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2250 and 2500 mg kg-1. According to the results of the regression analysis, it was determined that as the boron dose in the application increased, the root length was positively correlated and other parameters were negatively correlated. In terms of the parameters examined, 250 mg kg-1 Kaolin+liquid K-Humate (15% HA) 400 ml kg-1 (U3) boron application under laboratory conditions showed better results, and 1000 ml kg-1 Kaolin+liquid boron application under greenhouse conditions. It was determined that the application of K-Humate (15% HA) 400 ml kg-1 (U6) promoted growth. In addition, it was found that the results were confirmed in the grouping of the relationships between applications and parameters with heat map clustering and PCA graphs. As a result, it was determined that the toxic range of boron applications applied to the seed in the cotton plant was very narrow, and that it promoted seedling development and root elongation in the U6 application, but it was concluded that the study should also be studied in field trials in order to make more decisive decisions.

Küresel ısınma nedeniyle ortaya çıkan su kıtlığı ağaçların büyümesini ve gelişmesini sınırlayarak kuraklık stresine neden olmaktadır. Türkiye’de doğal olarak yetişmekte olan Fagaceae familyasına ait kestane (Castanea sativa) kuraklıktan etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin Akdeniz bölgesinin üç farklı popülasyonundan (Akseki, İbradı ve Selge); Ege bölgesinden (İzmir-Ovacık), Marmara bölgesinden (Bursa) ve Karadeniz bölgesinden (Düzce) toplanan C. sativa tohumlarından elde edilen fidanlar kullanılmıştır. Sera ortamında farklı sulama rejimlerine tabi tutulan üç yaşında (3+0) kestane fidanlarının kuraklık stresi altındaki yaprak gaz değişim parametreleri [net asimilasyon (fotosentez) oranı (A), stoma iletkenliği (gs), terleme miktarı (E), içsel su kullanım etkinliği (iWUE=A/gs) ve anlık bitki su kullanım etkinliği (WUE=A/E)] ve prolin birikimine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bütün popülasyonların E, A, gs değerlerinin kontrol gruplarına göre önemli ölçüde azalmasının yanı sıra prolin birikiminin kontrol gruplarına göre arttığı gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak altı farklı C. sativa popülasyonlarının kuraklığa adaptasyon potansiyellerinin değişkenlik gösterdiği ancak Akdeniz popülasyonlarının kuraklığa adaptasyon potansiyellerinin daha yüksek olabileceği gözlenmiştir.