Akrepler, Arachnida sınıfında yer alan zehirli arthropodlardan olup, bilinen en eski karasal eklembacaklılardır ve yaşayan fosiller olarak da tanımlanmaktadırlar. Akrepler kendilerine özgü bir takım özelliklere, özel yapılara sahip olmaları ve zehirlenme vakalarına sebep olmaları nedeniyle çeşitli araştırmalara konu olmuştur. Ancak, akreplere özgü bir duyu organı olan ve tarak organı olarak da bilinen pektin organın yapısı hakkında çok fazla bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Protoiurus kraepelini (von Ubisch, 1922) akrebinin tarak organ yapısı ışık mikroskobu ve taramalı elektron mikroskop (SEM) kullanarak çalışılmış, detaylı morfolojik ve histolojik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Örnekler Eğirdir (Isparta, Türkiye)’de yapılan arazi çalışmalarında toplanamıştır. P. kraepelini’nin tarak organı diğer akreplerde olduğu gibi bir çift olarak mesosomal ikinci segmentin ventrolateralinde yerleşmiş olup genel mimariye uygun olarak marjinal lamella, median lamella ve pektinal dişler olmak üzere üç kısımdan oluşmaktadır. Aynı zamanda bu yapılar üzerinde yer alan duyusal kılları, pektinal dişler üzerindeki peg sensillanın morfolojileri incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, ilk kez P. kraepelini’nin tarak organının histolojisi ortaya konulmuş ve yapı - fonksiyon arasındaki bağlantı uyarınca olası fonksiyonları tartışılmıştır.

In this study, we compared the growth and survival characteristics of Romanov × Morkaraman (F1 Rom), Romanov × F1 Romanov (G1 Rom) and Charollais × F1 Romanov (Charom) crossbreed lambs weaning weight at different ages. After birth, from three genotypes lambs were weaned at two different ages of 50 and 75 days and growth performance after weaning was examined at 120 days of age. The effect of three different genotypes and birth type on birth weight was very important, and sex effect was insignificant. In weaning weight, only the effect of birth type was found to be significant. Lamb birth and weaning weights were in Charom, F1 Rom, G1 Rom lambs, 3.38-15.28; 3.98-15.04; 3.21-15.55 kg, respectively. The type of birth showed variation in the birth weight of the lamb and the decrease in lamb birth weights (Single: 4.19 kg: Twin: 3.42 kg; Triplet: 3.15 kg and Quadrature: 2.88 kg) was observed as the number of offspring increased. The effect of the birth type on weaning weights was similar in single and triplet. Single-born lambs have higher weaning weights than those of twins and quadruplets. Average daily live weight gain (ADG) from weaning in single lambs, 247.37 g were found higher than twin (190.67 g), triplets (201.44 g) and quadruplets (178.57 g). The effect of weaning age was insignificant on weaning weights. The first month weight after weaning, effect of the genotype of the lamb, the birth type and the sex were insignificant; but effect of weaning age was significant weaning weights and first month after weaning weights the ADG. The late weaned lambs had higher next first month live weight (18.62-17.89 kg) and ADG (179.45-81.32 g). The live weights of the lambs on the 120 days were similar and none of the factors investigated were found to be effective.

Efficient use of water, one of the most critical life elements in the world, is becoming more and more important day by day. With the continuous increase in population and with climate change problems occur in terms of both consumption rate and usage patterns of water resources. It is becoming increasingly important to apply and research methods that can solve these problems all over the world. One of these solutions is the “Water Harvesting” method, which goes back many years. Water harvesting can be defined as the accumulation of runoff generated by precipitation to provide water for human, animal or crop use. While it is possible to see the use of the technique with roof and farm systems in micro-catchment dimension; wadi-bed and off-wadi (diversion) systems are used in macro-catchment dimension. In agricultural production, which uses a significant part of water resources, most of the rainwater falling into arid and semi-arid regions where production continues, goes away before could using efficiently by evaporation or flow. For this reason, the use of water resources becomes mandatory by using traditional irrigation methods in agricultural lands. With the water harvesting technique, after storing rain water, it can be held to be applied to crops. Hence the method since there will be no losses due to evaporation or flow, it will increase the total amount of irrigation water and reduce the pressure on water resources. Except for the protection of water resources, its role in preventing soil erosion is also seen as one of the main benefits of the method. In general, when the appropriate method is selected according to the appropriate geography, water harvesting has low inputs and is not difficult to apply. With a few exceptions, it does not require the use of pumps or energy input to deliver or deliver harvested water. In this study, information is given about the main elements, different usage areas and techniques of water harvesting.

Tarımda seracılık yeri ve önemi açısından yükselen bir değerdir. Seracılık, tarım sektörüne ilgi duymayan girişimci ve yatırımcıların dahi ilgisini çekmeyi başarmıştır. Sera üretiminde gelişen tarım teknolojilerine bağlı olarak modern koşullarda yüksek teknolojiler kullanılarak üretim yapılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada modern ve geleneksel olmak üzere her iki üretim teknolojisinde de maliyetler ve dolayısıyla karlılık karşılaştırılmıştır. Geleneksel koşullarda domatesin sabit giderleri dekar başına 7.090 TL/da iken, modern koşullarda bir seranın sabit gider toplamı14.889 TL/da olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre; modern koşullarda serada domates üretiminde karın geleneksel koşullara göre 3,04 kat daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.

In the food industry, using of new preservation and processing technologies, which may be an alternative to traditional methods, is becoming increasingly important. These novel and particularly non-thermal techniques have very important advantages such as enhancing food safety, reducing quality losses, and increasing production efficiency. One of these new technologies, Pulsed electric field (PEF) technique, stands out as a novel method that has been emphasized in recent years. It is used for different purposes in both liquid and solid foods, also various studies are carried out for the optimization. On the other hand, recently, there are several studies using PEF technique in meats and seafoods for the preservation purposes, as well as other positive effects (improving the functional properties of the product, accelerating processes such as drying, curing and freezing). In this regard, detailed information about the purposes for which PEF technique can be used in meats and seafoods has been tried to be given in this comprehensive review study.

This paper studied the effect of livestock support policies applied in Turkey by a emprical study. The study was carried out based on the analysis of the data collected through surveys with a total of 478 livestock enterprises in the TR83 region (including Amasya, Çorum, Samsun and Tokat provinces). The enterprises included in the survey study were grouped into three categories by the number of their animals. Binary Logistic Regression Model was applied in order to define the policy-based support payment utilization probabilities of the enterprises and the factors affecting them. It was determined that approximately 45% of the enterprises cannot utilize livestock supports. The most utilized support items by the enterprises were determined as calf support, support per animal, forage plant support and raw milk support. A total of 65% of the enterprise owners think that the support amount per animal is insufficient, but regard the mentioned support item as the most important factor for improving animal presence. The utilization rates vary in terms of enterprise scales on the other hand. The support utilization likelihood of medium-scale enterprises is 3.1 times higher than small-scale enterprises, and this likelihood is 1.7 times higher for big-scale enterprises when compared with medium-scale enterprises. The study recommends that some regulations are needed in support of policies to enable a better improvement in animal presence and a homogenous distribution of support payments.

The African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse) is a wild rodent in sub-Saharan Africa widely hunted as popular meat delicacy. Domestication of this rat has been poor, probably due to nutrition among other factors. Developmental studies of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum as well as investigations of diet-based structural modifications of the small intestine were carried out in the rats using neonates, juveniles and adults with the aim of providing useful research information which could lead to improved domestication. The mean body weights of the animals were 39.67±1.45 g, 225.00±25.00 g and 742.90±62.13 g, respectively for the neonate, juvenile and adult rats. Significant differences were also observed in the villus height, villus width and crypt depth between the neonates and juveniles, unlike between juvenile and adult rats. These changes in intestinal morphology between the neonate and juvenile rats could be a measure of the neonates’ adaptation to shifts from digestion of maternal milk to the consumption of solid and semisolid forages. Respectively for neonates, juvenile and adult rats, 188%, 228% and 30% increases in villus height for the duodenum, jejunum and ileum respectively, were observed. This is suggestive of larger surface area of the small intestine for digestion and absorption. This study elucidates the structural modifications of the small intestine which can be applied to dietary modifications in response to age in an effort to achieve a more successful domestication of the animal.

Liquid chemical fertilizers are widely used in modern agriculture. The pH values of these fertilizers are important in terms of their effectiveness in the field application and their effect on the soil-water pH balance. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the pH and other properties of liquid fertilizers with fast, practical and inexpensive methods. With the advancing technology, pH value has been started to measure more accurately and efficiently with the help of low-cost devices. In this study, a low-cost pH meter was developed using a low-cost pH sensor, an Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller board, and a software written in the C/C++ programming language. The developed pH meter was used to measure the pH values of liquid chemical fertilizers. Close variations were observed between the values obtained from it and the values measured by an accredited, laboratory-type pH meter. According to the pH measurements of the two pH meters, R2 ranged 88.1% to 99.3%, average error range 0.14 to 0.28, and average error percentage ranged 1.56% to 6.81% for three different types of liquid fertilizers. In light of these results, it was shown that the developed low-cost pH meter can be useful for practical pH measurement applications.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of compost from chicken manure, NPK fertilizer and the mixture of both fertilizers on agronomic parameters of four varieties of cassava (Yacé, Bonoua, Six mois and Alleda agba) in Côte d’Ivoire. The field experiment was carried out under a randomized complete block design with three replicates on a ferralitic soil during two season-cycles. The results showed that the different fertilizers stimulated plants growth and tuberous roots production. The highest number of stems (3) and leaves (66) was obtained with the mixture of NPK and compost applied on the variety “Bonoua”. All varieties that received the compost mixed with NPK produced more leaves with a dominance of the Bonoua variety (65.57). The highest number of tuberous roots (5.58), the heaviest weight per root (6.13 kg) and the highest yield (61.37 t/ha) were obtained while using the mixture of compost and NPK as fertilizer and “Bonoua” as variety. Thus, mixing compost from chicken manure and NPK can be recommended to improve cassava productivity in Côte d'Ivoire on a ferralitic soil.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the ecological impact of groundwater recharging in the urban development area in the north of Kastamonu city. In this respect, the urban development area was examined in terms of water permeability, which is one of the functions of the landscape, and the ecological impact assessment was carried out in order to determine the level of change in groundwater recharging and land cover before and after urban development. With the methods used within the scope of the study, negative changes in groundwater and water retention capacity can be revealed as a result of other interventions on urbanization and landscape. On the other hand, it is important that landscape plans, where the ecological processes expressed as landscape function, including groundwater recharging and surface runoff potential, are considered as the priority action area of the multi-layered spatial planning process, rather than the investigation of the mentioned negativities after planning and/or implementation.