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Investigation of The Protective Properties of Bacteria (Agrococcus Citrus) and Fungus (Fusarium Oxysporium) Pigments ın Lettuce Plant Exposed to UV Stress Full text
2023
Ozlem Gulmez | Deniz Tiryaki | Özlem Barış
As a result of climate change and the ozone layer spoilage, harmful rays of the sun such as UV reach the world more and harm agricultural production. To be protected from the harmful effects of UV, not only human beings, but all living organisms have developed different characteristics. In recent years, pigments with radiation absorbing and antioxidant properties have been used against UV damages. In this study, the effect of carotenoid pigments obtained from bacteria and fungi on the lettuce plant (Lettuce Yedikule 5701) was investigated due to its high antioxidant and UV protection properties. Pigment solutions partially purified from microorganisms were sprayed onto the plants. While an increase was detected in the amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the lettuce plant with the effect of UV, a decrease was observed in these parameters when applied with pigment solutions. With the same application, microbial pigments protected the plant against the harmful effects of UV by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and the amount of chlorophyll. As a result of this study; It has been determined that microbial pigments, which can be obtained easily and with low costs, have protection properties against the harmful effects of UV and provide the plants with properties to resist the stress.
Show more [+] Less [-]Assessment of Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants and Crassocephalum crepidioides Leaf Meal as Potential Feed Additives Full text
2023
Andrew Bamidele Falowo | Olugbenga David Oloruntola | Oluwakamisi Festus Akinmoladun
This study analyzed the proximate, minerals, phytochemical profiles and antioxidant capacity of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants and Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S.Moore leaf meals as potential feed additives. The result of the proximate analysis revealed that C. crepidioides contained higher moisture (6.66%), ash (21.04%), crude fibre (3.85%), crude fat (5.41%), crude protein (17.11%) contents and lower carbohydrate content (45.60%) than D. ambrosioide leaf powder which had 6.31% moisture, 13.69% ash, 3.09% crude fibre, 4.48% crude fat, 15.99% crude protein and 56.12% carbohydrate. The result of the mineral analysis showed that D. ambrosioides contained higher concentration of sodium (19.8ppm), potassium (51.05ppm), calcium (29.18ppm), magnesium (24.1ppm), iron (0.42ppm) manganese (0.33ppm) and zinc (0.91ppm) compared to C. crepidioides leaf meal at sodium (18.71ppm), potassium (41.87ppm), calcium (25.77ppm), magnesium (20.34ppm), iron (0.28ppm) manganese (0.13ppm) and zinc (0.36ppm). The result of the phytochemical analysis revealed that aqueous extract of C. crepidoides possessed higher total phenolic (13.34 mgGAE/g) and flavonoid (2.29 mgrutin/g)) contents than that of D. ambrosioides at (13.07 mgGAE/g) and (1.62 mgrutin/g) respectively. The Tannin and phytate contents were significantly higher in D. ambrosioides leaf meal at 2.39mg/g and 40.28 mg/g respectively, compared to that of C. crepidioides at 2.12mg/g and 29.4mg/g, respectively. The aqueous extract of D. ambrosioides exhibited higher that antioxidant free radical scavenging activity (24.83%) than that of C. crepidioides (16.42%). In conclusion, this study has shown that these two vegetables contained nutrients and antioxidant and could be used as alternative feed additives in animal nutrition.
Show more [+] Less [-]Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Cellulose and Starch Extracted from Brewer Spent Grain: Assessment of their Antimicrobial and Preservatives Activities Full text
2023
Clement Olusola Ogidi | Ogo Philip Emmanuel | Olanrewaju Oludotun Daramola | Oyedolapo Bamigboye | Olu Malomo
Non-porous materials like cellulose and starch can be extracted from agro- industrial wastes and incorporated with nanoparticles for effective biotechnological purposes. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNps), silver-cellulose nanoparticles (AgNps-C) and silver-starch nanoparticles (AgNps-S) were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify viable biomolecules involved in capping and active stabilization of AgNps. Average sizes and morphologies of AgNps, AgNps-C and AgNps-S were further analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the percentage composition of each element was investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized AgNPs-C and AgNPs-S was tested against multiple antibiotic resistance microorganisms isolated from fish and meat. Zones of inhibition displayed by AgNPs-C and AgNPs-S ranged from 8.00 to 13.30 mm and 5.00 to 10.30 mm, respectively. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for AgNPs-C and AgNPS-S ranged from 125 µg/mL to 500 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL, respectively. AgNPS-S and AgNPs-C inhibited the growth of microorganisms associated with spoilage of fish and meat. The bio-applications of AgNP –C and AgNP-S can be exploited in food industries as preservative agent or incorporated to packaging materials to elongate the shelf life of food products and reduce the side effects attributed to chemical preservative agents.
Show more [+] Less [-]Cittaslow Kentlerde Yaşayan Halkın Slow Food Algı Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi Full text
2023
Samet Mısır | Banu Koç
Geleneksel ve modern dünyada ülkelerin yaşam algısına göre anlam kazanan yemek kültürü, gastronomiye farklı bakış açıları kazandırır. Bu bakış açılarından biri olan Yavaş Yemek akımı ile geleneksel yemek kültüründe unutulmaya başlayan yemeklere güncel bir yaklaşım kazandırmak esastır. Yavaş yemek akımı yemek kültürünün sürdürülebilirliğini sağlarken, ‘tat alma duyusunun’ da korunmasını destekler; birlikte sofralar kurmada ve ortak noktaların önemini belirlemede, geleneksel yöntemlerle gıda üretiminde ve teknik kullanmada bilinçlenmeye hizmet eder. Akımın hizmetlerinin hedefe ulaşıp ulaşmadığının saptanabilmesi için nicel veri toplama teknikleri kullanılır. Yavaş hareketlilik akımının döngüsü önce üretim sonra tüketimdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Çanakkale ili Gökçeada ilçesinde yaşayan halkın yavaş yemek algılarının boyutunu ve yavaş yeme tutumlarını belirlemektir. Bu amaçla çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturan Gökçeada yerel halkına yavaş yemek algısının ve bu algının yavaş yeme tutumlarına etkisini belirlemek için hazırlanan sistematik soru formundan oluşan anket yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Anket verilerinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre katılımcıların %68,5 katılım oranı ile kadın olduğu ve çalışmanın çoğunluğunu oluşturdukları belirlenmiştir. Yavaş Yemek akımını bildiğini belirten katılımcıların %92,4’ü Yavaş Yemeği doğru tanımlamışlardır. Katılımcıların yerel gıda tüketme eğiliminin belirlenmesi için yöneltilen sorulara %50’nin üzerinde pozitif katılım sağladıkları belirlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla katılımcıların yüksek oranda yerel gıda talep, ilgi ve tüketme eğilimi olduğu söylenebilir. Yavaş Yemek tüketiminin demografik özelliklerle bağlantısının incelendiği 6 hipotezden medeni durum ve yaş hipotezi kabul edilmiş diğerleri ise reddedilmiştir.
Show more [+] Less [-]Evaluation of the Blood Gas Parameters Changes During Ovariohysterectomy with Butorphanol, Medetomidine, and Ketamine Combination Anesthesia in Queens Full text
2023
Fatma Satılmış | Merve İder | Muhammed Furkan Çiftçi | Ömer Faruk Yeşilkaya | Berrak Işık Soytürk | Hasan Alkan | Kübra Karakaş Alkan
Sunulan çalışmanın amacı kedilerde ovaryohisterektomi sırasında butorfanol, medetomidine ve ketamin kombinasyonu ile yapılan anestezinin kan gazı parametrelerine etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada 6-72 ay aralığında, farklı ırklarda, 19 adet kısırlaştırılan dişi kedi kullanıldı. Anesteziden önce vena cephalica antebrachi’den heparinli enjektöre 1 mL kan alınarak kan gazı parametreleri değerlendirildi. Klinik muayene ve laboratuvar analizler sonucunda sağlıklı olduğu belirlenen kediler ovaryohisterektomi için genel anesteziye alındı. Anestezi indüksiyonu için butorfanol (0,01 mg/kg, IV) uygulandı, uygulamadan 5 dakika sonra medetomidine (0,08 mL/kg, IV) ve 10 dakika sonrasında ise ketamin (5-7,5 mg/kg, IV) damar içi yolla verildi. Ketamin uygulamasının 10. dakikasında kedilerden tekrar kan örneği alındı. Anestezi öncesi ve sırasında alınan kan örneklerinde pH, pCO2, pO2, sO2, Na, Ca, K, Cl, Glu, Lac, BE ve HCO3 düzeyleri değerlendirildi. Anestezisi indüklenen kedilerde pH, pO2, sO2, BE ve HCO3 düzeylerinin anestezi öncesine göre daha düşük, pCO2 ve laktat konsantrasyonlarının ise yüksek olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak ovaryohisterektomi uygulanacak kedilerde kan gaz parametreleri takibinin yapılmasının, operasyon öncesi ve sonrası oluşabilecek komplikasyonların önlenebilmesi için yararlı olabileceği düşünüldü.
Show more [+] Less [-]Farklı Üretim Ortamlarının İstiridye Mantarı (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Üretiminde Verim ve Kalite Üzerine Etkisi Full text
2023
Murat Çetin | Turgay Kabay | Suat Şensoy
Yabani mantarlardan zehirlenme riski korkusu insanları kültüre alınabilen mantar türleri üretimini artırmaktadır. Bu mantar türleri içerisinde yer alan istiridye mantarı üretimindeki bazı avantajlar nedeniyle son yıllarda tercih edilir olmuştur. Mantar üretiminin artmasında üretim ortamlarında bölgesel çeşitliliğin sağlanması çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Van ve çevresine mantar üretimini yaygınlaştırmak ve bölge üreticilerinin kolay temin edebilecekleri saman ve atıl durumda olan demlenmiş çay atıklarında üretimin etkinliğini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Buğday samanı, demleme çay atığı ve hazır mantar üretim kitleriyle kurulan çalışma tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak tasarlanmıştır. Elde edilen mantarlarda, ilk hasat, karpofor ağırlığı, toplam verim, karpofor ölçüleri, makro ve mikro elementler parametrelerine bakılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada çay ortamında üretilen mantar verilerinin, mantar üretimi yapan firmalardan alınan hazır kitlerden alınan mantar verilerine daha yakın sonuç alındığı görülmüştür.
Show more [+] Less [-]Molecular Characterization of Dermanyssus gallinae in Türkiye Based on 16S and 18S rDNA Full text
2023
Nafiye Koç İnak
Molecular Characterization of Dermanyssus gallinae in Türkiye Based on 16S and 18S rDNA Full text
2023
Nafiye Koç İnak
The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778), is widely regarded as the significant ectoparasite of egg-laying hens worldwide. Since many molecular studies on poultry red mites have focused on analyzing COI and ITS1-2 genes, the present study aimed to identify 16S rDNA and the relatively understudied nuclear 18S rDNA genes of Turkish D. gallinae populations. Twenty-eight different D. gallinae populations were collected from henhouses throughout Türkiye, and the target genes were amplified using conventional PCR after morphological analysis. Haplotype analyses of the 16S rDNA sequences revealed 14 different haplotypes, with Turkish D. gallinae grouped into two of these haplotypes. The intra-species genetic variation of the 18S rDNA and 16S rDNA sequences examined in the present study and the available sequences in public GeneBank were determined as 0.17% and 0.53%, respectively. The obtained sequences belonging to D. gallinae from Türkiye were submitted to GenBank for the first time. Given the importance of identifying genetic diversity within and between species across different geographical regions, the obtained data may contribute substantially to the genetic knowledge of the PRMs.
Show more [+] Less [-]Potential for Lead Release from Lead-Immobilized Animal Manure Compost in Rhizosphere Soil of Shooting Range Full text
2016
Masahiko Katoh | Wei Lu | Takeshi Sato
This study aimed to clarify the magnitude of lead release from lead-sorbed animal manure compost (AMC) in rhizosphere soil compared with nonplanted soil of shooting range. The presence of buckwheat caused reduction in rhizosphere soil pH and enhancement in the level of water-soluble organic carbon compared with those of nonplanted soil. In addition, the presence of buckwheat altered the lead phases and increased the relative amount of the soluble exchangeable fraction, resulting in increase in the CaCl2-soluble lead level. In contrast, the presence of Guinea grass did not change the lead bioavailability or phases compared with nonplanted soil. Lead release tests in solution showed that between solution pH 5 and solution pH 7 the amount of lead released from the compost was higher in the rhizosphere soil of buckwheat than in nonplanted soil, whereas there was no significant difference between the rhizosphere soil of Guinea grass and nonplanted soil. These results suggest that the increase in the quantity of exchangeable lead resulting from the rhizosphere effect induces lead immobilized by the AMC to be remobilized. Therefore, AMC should be applied to soils that contain plants that are unable to alter the lead phases in the shooting range soil. Efforts should be particularly made to ensure that lead cannot be transformed to the exchangeable phase.
Show more [+] Less [-]Exploring the Efficacy of Essential Oils in Laboratory Conditions for Controlling Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Full text
2023
Esengül Özdemir
The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), poses a significant threat to agriculture worldwide. This study examines the potential insecticidal effects of essential oils from Mentha arvensis and Cinnamomum zeylanicum on controlling C. capitata under laboratory conditions. Even at low concentrations, toxicity assays indicated that both essential oils significantly increased the mortality of adult Medflies. The concentration-dependent effect of these oils on C. capitata mortality is demonstrated, with Mentha arvensis achieving 100% mortality within 48 hours at 1% concentration and Cinnamomum zeylanicum exhibiting rapid efficacy, reaching a low LC50 value after only 1 hour of application. The concentration and application time of essential oils were found to have a significant impact on their effectivness. This study highlights the potential of essential oils for controlling C. capitata populations. Essential oils offer a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative for managing C. capitata but further studies are necessary for their successful incorporation into integrated pest management programs.
Show more [+] Less [-]The Effects of Seed Infestation by Fusarium proliferatum on Root and Crown Rot, Plant Growth and Phenolic Compounds in Roots of Some Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) Cultivars Full text
2023
Ebru Sevinç | Nuray Özer
This study investigates the reactions of four summer pumpkin cultivars (cvs. Çağlayan, Mert Bey, Sena Hanım, TG38) to root and crown rot caused by Fusarium proliferatum by taking into account criteria such as disease severity, plant growth (number of leaves, height, dry and fresh weight of shoot) and the accumulation of phenolic compounds in the roots. Seeds of each cultivar were inoculated with the pathogen and left to develop for 1 month at 25oC in a controlled climate room. The content of phenolic compounds in ethanolic root extracts was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cv. Sena Hanım had the lowest disease severity (4.40%) among the cultivars, followed by cvs. Çağlayan (10.62%) and Mert Bey (11.07%). Plants developed from inoculated seeds of cvs. Çağlayan and Sena Hanım had no decrease in the number of leaves and in length, fresh and dry weight of shoots in comparison to the control (plants from non-inoculated seeds), while cv. Mert Bey demonstrated a decrease at very low rates in shoot fresh and dry weight (2.24% and 0.77%, respectively). The phenolic compound that exhibited the highest increase in root extracts of cv. Sena Hanım compared to the control among the cultivars was p-coumaric acid (6.57-fold). This study demonstrates that p-coumaric acid can play an important role in the resistance of pumpkin to seed infestation by F. proliferatum.
Show more [+] Less [-]Determination of Probiotic Viability in Yoghurts Produced with Acid Adapted Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 11863 During Refrigerated Storage Full text
2023
Şehriban Oğuz | Seval Andiç | Neşe Badak | Tekin Demir
Microorganisms have various stress response systems to maintain their viability when exposed to different stress conditions. In this study, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 11863 strains, used in probiotic yoghurt production, were subjected to acid (lactic and hydrochloric acid) stress to induce acid tolerance response (ATR). Yoghurts produced with both acid-adapted and non-adapted strains were stored at +4°C for 21 days. During the storage period, the pH and titratable acidity values of the yoghurts were measured, and the viability levels of the probiotic strains in the yoghurts were determined. In all yoghurt groups, a decrease in pH values and an increase in titratable acidity were observed during storage. The highest viability levels of the probiotic strains were detected on the first day of storage. Lactic acid-adapted Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 and B. bifidum ATCC 11863 in yoghurt showed growth at a level of 8.08 ± 0.12 and 8.08 ± 0.09 log10 Cfu/g at the first day of storage, respectively. Additionally, hydrochloric acid-adapted Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 and B. bifidum ATCC 11863 in yoghurt exhibited growth at levels of 7.90 ± 0.08 and 5.99 ± 0.03 log10 Cfu/g, respectively. The viability of acid-adapted Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 and B. bifidum ATCC 11863 showed a decrease similar way to that of the control group (non-acid adapted) during the storage period.
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