Background: In adults aged 30-70 with primary and moderate hyperlipidemia, the present study took place to investigate the therapeutic benefits of a polyherbal unani preparation called Garlitab. Methods: It was a prospective open label, herbal coded test drug-controlled, randomized trial. Out of total screened patients we were enrolled 212 hyperlipidemic patients of 30–70 years in the study fulfilling the inclusion criteria, we were recruited them from OPD of a hospital in Munshiganj and different Unani clinics of Dhaka, Bangladesh after obtaining written informed consent from the patients. Selected individuals were allocated into two groups at random. Group1 Received 500 mg Garlitab tablets twice daily and Group 2 received tablet atorvastatin calcium 10 mg 2 times daily. Height, weight, and blood pressure were recorded along with blood samples. The random distributions were carried out by a research assistant utilizing a random numbers table. Blood samples were taken at the beginning of the trial, 1.5 months later, and 3 months following the intervention. Results: Results for the test medication revealed a substantial drop in cholesterol levels between baseline and the data collected after three months and in case of male it was from 241.72±38.11 to 218.24±34.06 mg/dL for total cholesterol, from 198.27±30.57 to 173.54±29.34 mg/dL for LDL and from 280.78±85.81 to 207.07±51.40 mg/dL for triglyceride. HDL increases from 33.05±3.21 to 34.69±3.13 mg/dL in male patients. The control drug atorvastatin calcium also showed a significant decrease in lipids between baseline and after 3 months data and in case of male it was from 241.92±31.54 to 174.90±22.87 mg/dL for total cholesterol, from 196.20±30.91 to 130.30±24.29 mg/dL for LDL and from 279.48±115.35 to 141.27±59.55 mg/dL for triglyceride. It increases HDL from 32.00±2.25 to 34.03±2.19 mg/dL in male patients. Between the baseline and the 3-month data, the test medicine for females significantly reduced total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides and it was from 244.64±52.18 to 220.12±45.07 mg/dL, from 200.32±30.57 to 173.54±29.34 mg/dL and from 272.32±99.69 to 195.25±60.68 mg/dL respectively. HDL increases from 33.77±3.36 to 35.03±3.23 mg/dL. Between the baseline and the 3-month data, the control medication for females significantly reduced total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides and it was from 247.74±37.95 to 175.26±29.54 mg/dL, from 197.65±27.89 to 130.91±22.04 mg/dL and from 271.57±94.52 to 142.00±50.88 mg/dL respectively. It increases HDL from 32.22±2.32 to 33.46±2.94 mg/dL. Conclusions: According to the results of the study, the polyherbal formulation Garlitab can lower cholesterol levels. It may be a useful medication for treating primary hyperlipidemia.

Rapid population growth, industrial and technological development, and improvement in the social and economical conditions of people have increased their need for socializing, gathering, and relaxing with various recreational activities and mutual communications. The sustainable development of social life has increased the importance of squares as public spaces, which brings the citizens together for cultural, commercial, and political purposes; thus, giving an identity to the city and becoming the focal point of urban life. The selection of an area as a square is based on certain criteria. The decisions regarding the choice of the location and their use as squares must be per the internationally accepted criteria. We studied four squares, namely Mevlana Square with historical background, Hükümet Square, Anıt Square, and Kılıçarslan City Square with a high demand for social events. The squares are considered to be important and comprehensive titles for evaluating their comparative functions under the selection criteria of visuality, functionality, and accessibility. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to determine the importance of the selection criteria of squares in a survey with participants for solving the problem and selecting the best square according to these criteria. By performing the AHP analysis, we found that the most preferred square by the participants was the Mevlana Square with a preference rate of 58.68%, and the most preferred criterion was “visuality” with a preference rate of 64.5%. In this study, we aimed to determine the characteristics of a preferable square to improve the existing squares and to contribute to the stages of a new square design, planning, and implementation.

Ruta montana L. is an annual aromatic plant of the family rutaceae. Quantitative analysis of the methanolic crude extract of Ruta montana L. yielded 8.43%, whereas the qualitative analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid or coumarin. The Litchfield and Wilcoxon method calculated the LD50 of the crude methanolic extract of Ruta montana L. in Wistar albino female rats at 393.18 mg/kg. This allows the plant to be classified as moderately toxic. The subacute toxicity study of the methanolic crude extract of Ruta montana L. in female Wistar albino rats treated with 100 mg/kg (≈ 1/4 LD50) and intraperitoneally showed a significant increase in body weight of the rats treated at the 4th week. Animals treated and sacrificed after 30 days showed a disturbance of the relative mass of the organs. Biochemical parameters of hepatic function assessment showed a significant increase in PAL with elevation of AST and ALT, whereas those of renal function revealed a significant decrease in creatinine with an increase in urea. Hematologic parameters recorded a decrease in RBC, HGB and HCT. The histological sections of the treated rats reveal the existence of blood congestion in the central veins and liver tissues, foci of necrosis and steatosis in the liver, blood congestion and some glomerular atrophy in the kidneys, as well as blood congestions and developed follicles without oocytes in the ovaries.

In this study, 34 molds showing pectin degradation activity were isolated from the soil of orchards, by several tests.  By using these isolates, pectinase group enzymes; studies on pectin lyase and polygalacturonase production were performed in the batch system and under non-sterile culture conditions. 5 isolates denoting polygalacturonase activity were coded as: T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and the best polygalacturonase activity among these isolates was determined as 354.4 U/L in T4 isolate. Thus, optimization analyses continued by the use of this isolate. Initial apricot pulp concentration, temperature, pH and incubation period were tested as optimization parameters. The effects on enzyme activities were investigated by changing the initial apricot pulp concentration in the range of 5-100 (g/L), and in this regard, polygalacturonase activity was determined as 397.4 U/L at 50 g/L. In addition, the pH parameter was analyzed in each unit between pH = 3 – 8, and the temperature was tested by increasing 5 units in the range of 5-25°C. Consequently, the maximum polygalacturonase activity was determined as 405.7 U/L at pH 5 and 406.3 U/L at 15°C. Besides, the effect of the incubation period was studied within 1-5 days and the maximum polygalacturonase activity was determined as 429.0 U/L on the 4th day (after 96 hours). As a result, the above-mentioned T4 isolate, with which the optimization studies were conducted, was identified as Sarocladium strictum (Top ekinküfü) T4 by molecular methods.

This study was carried out in Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Research, and Application Farm in 2021 to determine the effect of different irrigation water levels on tuber yield and quality parameters of the Agria potato variety. Drip irrigation method was used in the study and five different irrigation water levels (S1: 120% of the seven-day ETo, S2: 90% of the seven-day ETo, S3: 60% of the seven-day ETo, S4: 30% of the seven-day ETo, S5: No irrigation except germination and emergence) were determined based on the reference evapotranspiration (ETo). Irrigation water (IW) amounts varied between 85.66-639.26 mm and evapotranspiration varied between 296.54-825.15 mm. Different amounts of IW significantly affected the vegetative growth, yield and quality parameters of potato. As irrigation water decreased, total tuber yield and marketable yield declined. Total tuber yield and marketable yield were 46.11 t/ha and 40.59 t/ha, respectively, in S1 treatment where the maximum amount of IW was applied, while they were 12.96 t/ha and 6.37 t/ha, respectively, in S5 treatment where no irrigation was applied. Logarithmic relationships were determined between evapotranspiration and total yield and between the amount of IW and total yield. Water use efficiency was determined between 43.69-55.88 kg/(ha×mm) and irrigation water use efficiency between 32.34-51.86 kg/(ha×mm) and yield response factor (ky) was calculated as 1.19.

Son çalışmalar, astaksantinin merkezi sinir sistemi üzerinde koruyucu etkilere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak, astaksantinin hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) ile indüklenen oksidatif hasar üzerindeki etkileri ve apoptotik ile enflamatuar sistemlerle etkileşimi hala belirsizdir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma astaksantinin H2O2 ile indüklenen oksidatif stres sonrası glial hücre hasarı üzerindeki koruyucu etkisini ve bunda enflamatuar ve apoptotik yollarla etkileşimini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada C6 glioma hücreleri kullanıldı. H2O2 grubundaki hücreler H2O2 ile 24 saat boyunca inkübe edildi. Astaksantin grubundaki hücreler farklı konsantrasyonlarda astaksantin ile 24 saat boyunca inkübe edildi. Astaksantin + H2O2 grubundaki hücreler ise çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda astaksantin ile 1 saat boyunca inkübe edildikten sonra 24 saat boyunca H2O2’ye maruz bırakıldı. Hücre canlılığı XTT testi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Antioksidatif etkinin gösterilmesi için total oksidatif stres (TOS) ve total antioksidatif stres (TAS) ölçümleri yapıldı. Antiinflamatuar etkinin ölçümü için ELISA yöntemi ile TNF‑α ve IL‑1β ölçümleri yapıldı. Antiapoptotik etkinin ölçümü için ELISA yöntemi ile kaspaz 3, BAX ve Bcl‑2 ölçümleri yapıldı. H2O2 grubuna kıyasla astaksantin + H2O2 grubunda, astaksantin C6 hücrelerinde hücre canlılığını önemli ölçüde artırdı. Aynı zamanda, astaksantin antioksidatif stresin bir göstergesi olan TAS seviyelerini önemli ölçüde artırırken TOS seviyelerini düşürdü. Ayrıca, astaksantin TNF-α ve IL-1β gibi enflamasyon faktörlerini önemli ölçüde azalttı. Bunun yanı sıra, astaksantin apoptotik proteinleri olan bölünmüş kaspaz-3 ve Bax seviyelerini önemli ölçüde azaltırken, anti-apoptotik Bcl-2 protein seviyelerini artırdı. Özetlemek gerekirse, astaksantin, oksidatif stres, apoptoz ve enflamasyon belirteçlerini etkili bir şekilde inhibe ederek anlamlı bir koruyucu etki sağlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, olası temel mekanizmaları ele almak için daha kapsamlı bir araştırma gerekmektedir.

The concept of lighting is of great importance in providing the security that people need so that they can have a quality of life and in meeting their aesthetic needs. Lighting design is related to the physical structure and the environment, and thanks to the lighting design, the aesthetic and functional needs of people will be met and the quality of life will be increased. The need to reflect the historical, cultural and aesthetic values of the city has brought the issue of urban lighting to the agenda. Lighting systems, which are applied without paying attention to the necessary lighting standards and criteria, cause some problems in urban spaces. One of these problems is light pollution; It is generally defined as the use of light in the wrong place, in the wrong amount, in the wrong direction and at the wrong time. Light pollution adversely affects the natural life and daily lives of people, and it is necessary to take various measures to eliminate such negativities in human life, to detect and eliminate these problems. In this study; The standards for the lighting of the city parks obtained by the literature studies were determined, the current lighting situation of the Butterfly Valley Park and the recommended lighting design produced by the Relux software in accordance with the standards. According to the findings; In the current lighting project, the total power consumed as a result of the lighting of all the lamps of the area has been calculated as 96 005.0 W. In the proposed lighting project, the total power consumed as a result of the burning of all lamps was calculated as 27 630.0 W. The obtained energy gain was found to be 96 005.0 W – 36 700.0 W = 68 375.0 W. As a result of working in the light of this information, energy savings of 1 in 3 have been achieved.

Agricultural farming is a complicated system that involves continuous interactions among its multiple components over a period of time. The series of activities involved in farming practices have enormous contributions to ensure food security for the humanity. With the passage of time, agriculture sector faces diversified challenges like high food demand of rapidly growing population, scarcity of available resources and adverse effect of climate change. In developing countries like Bangladesh, food sufficiency is mostly achieved through intensive farming which has detrimental effects on natural resources, surrounding environment, and the whole ecosystem. The review attempts to discover the potentials of conservation agriculture practices for sustainable crop productivity and economic profitability of smallholder farmers in Bangladesh. This study revealed that conservation farm management practice is a cost-effective modernized technique that has the ability to accelerate crop productivity and farmers income through minimum utilization of agricultural inputs. Although the concept of conservation agriculture is widely practiced in other parts of the world, Bangladesh is experiencing a slow rate of adoption during the last few years. The policy implication of the study suggests that the government should take coordinated and combined initiatives involving both public and private sector organizations to incorporate this concept into the mainstream agricultural system of Bangladesh.

The present study examined the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), and sensory properties of aronia marmalades prepared with different cooking methods (CM) (boiled (B) and pressure-boiled (PB)) by adding sugar (S) and stevia prebiotic fiber sweetener (SP). Ash, reducing sugar, sucrose, viscosity, L*, a*, b*, C*, and H° values, and total sugar content of aronia pulp and marmalades differed significantly by cooking method and sweetener type (ST). Hydroxymethylfurfural could not be detected in aronia pulp and marmalades. Concerning CM, TPC (total phenolic content) and TMA (total monomeric anthocyanin) values were found to be significantly higher in PB cooking than in the B cooking method. On the other hand, TFC (total flavanoid content) was statistically higher in boiled marmalades. According to CM, the DPPH antioxidant activity of marmalades was significantly higher in B marmalades. The TPC, TMA, TFC, and antioxidant properties of marmalades differed sigficantly by ST. The TPC of marmalades prepared with SP addition was higher than that of S-added marmalades and control. According to ST, whereas the antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) of S and SP-added marmalades were lower compared to the control, the antioxidant activities determined by DPPH and ABTS among S and SP-added marmalades were higher in SP-added marmalades. The panelists gave the highest scores to BSC (boiled S-added marmalade). Considering the overall acceptance scores, the second highest score was given to BST (boiled SP-added marmalade). In other words, in terms of sensory evaluation, boiled marmalades received higher overall acceptance scores, while PBST (PB SP-added marmalade) received the lowest scores. According to these results, astringency components decrease with cooking in an open vessel. Furthermore, it can be said that sugar masks this astringent taste.

Sunulan çalışmada solunum yolu hastalığı belirtileri gösteren koyunlarda genel fiziksel ve özel klinik muayene bulgularının, tam kan sayımı sonuçlarının ve nazofarengial sürüntü örneklerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmada solunum yolu hastalığı şikâyeti bulunan bir İvesi koyun sürüsünde (n:62) alt solunum yolu hastalığı belirtileri tespit edilen 18 adet dişi koyun kullanıldı. Hasta koyunların yaş kayıtları tutuldu, genel fiziksel muayeneleri gerçekleştirildi. Özel klinik muayene parametrelerinin her biri kendi içinde skorlandı. Hasta koyunlar akciğer oskultasyon skor sonuçlarına göre “Hafif Hasta (n:11)” ve “Orta Hasta (n:7)” şeklinde iki gruba ayrıldı. Hasta hayvanlar da dahil bütün koyunlardan antikoagülantlı ve antikoagülantsız kan örnekleri alındı. Antikoagülantlı kan örneklerinden tam kan sayımı yapıldı. Hasta (n:18) ve sağlıklı (n:6) koyunlardan mikrobiyolojik ve virolojik analizler için steril swap ile nazofarengial sürüntü örnekleri alındı. Kan (n:62) ve nazofarengial sürüntü (n:24) örneklerinden Bovine herpesvirus tip 1, Respiratorik sinsityal virus (RSV), Parainfluenza 3 (PI-3) ve Pestivirus varlığına yönelik analizler gerçekleştirildi. Hafif hasta ve orta hasta koyunlar karşılaştırıldığında, yaş, dakikadaki kalp atım sayısı, klinik durum gözlem skoru, MCH Pg, MCHC g/dL verilerinde gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık (P<0,05) tespit edildi. Sağlıklı ve hasta olan koyunların nazofaringeal örneklerinde baskın olarak sırasıyla Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. ve E. coli  bakteri türleri izole edildi. Klinik olarak sağlıklı görünen bir koyundan Klebsiella spp. izole edilirken, yalnızca bir hasta koyundan M. haemolytica izole edildi. Sağlıklı görünen bir koyunda serolojik olarak BoHV-1-spesifik antikor tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak saha şartlarında uygulanabilecek en kolay ve en hızlı yöntemler arasında yer alan akciğer oskultasyon bulguları ve nazofarengial sürüntü sonuçları ile muhtemel etiyolojik etken ve hastalık durumu hakkında öngörüde bulunulabilir. Bu sayede ekonomik değere sahip bu hayvanlarda erken muhtemel tanı ile tedaviye başlanarak ekonomik kayıplar azaltılabilir.