The aim of this work is the isolation, identification and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from the Algerian medicinal plant Marrubium vulgare L. The isolation of endophytic fungi is carried out by the method of sterilization of surface to eliminate epiphytes then incubation of the fragments treated according to a precise protocol. The identification of the grown isolates allowed us to obtain three fungal strains belonging to three genera: Fusarium, Alternaria and Chaetomium, which are generally of the Deuteromycete phylum. The antibacterial capacity of the fungi was tested against five human pathogenic bacteruim using the agar-fungi disk diffusion method. With an inhibition zone (IZ) spanning from 7.5 to 25 mm, all isolated fungal strains showed antibacterial activity against at least one of the bacteria tested.. However, Fusarium sp has the highest antibacterial activity with an IZ of 19 and 24 mm against S. aureus and B. subtilis, respectively. Finally, our results clearly confirm that the medicinal plant M. vulgare L. presents a reservoir of endophytic fungi, which can be used in various fields, especially pharmaceutical fields.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of Bacillus subtilis addition to growing Japanese quail diets on growth performance, some serum parameters and carcass parameters. In the study, a total of 200 mixed-sex Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks were fed for 35 days with diets formed with the addition of different levels of control and Bacillus subtilis (250, 500, 750 mg/kg). The study was carried out in 4 treatment groups with 5 replications. At the end of the experiment, Bacillus subtilis levels did not affect the feed intake and feed conversation ratio, which are performance parameters, but affected the body weight and body weight gain statistically significantly. The addition of Bacillus subtilis to the diets of growing Japanese quails showed that glucose and creatinine concentrations were significantly affected, and urea, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, phosphorus and calcium values were not affected by the treatment levels. Among the carcass parameters, carcass yield, liver weight, pancreas weight, heart weight, gizzard weight and intestinal length did not statistically differ between the treatment groups. According to the results of the present study, it can be said that the addition of Bacillus subtilis at the level of 500 mg/kg to growing quail diets may be beneficial in terms of improving performance.

In agricultural production planning; compiling the data correctly, and using and interpreting the data precisely have strategic importance. This study aims, it is aimed to develop a model that can evaluate the suitability of the Lower Kelkit Basin for wheat farming by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and current GIS technologies. In the study, weight values of seven different criteria of topography (slope, aspect) and soil (texture, organic matter (OM), CaCO3, EC, pH) were calculated with AHP. These weight values and standardized criteria maps were combined within the ArcGIS Weighted Overlay tool and the result maps were created according to the FAO suitability index. According to these maps, 54% of the Lower Kelkit Basin was modeled as unsuitable (N) for wheat, 22% as moderately suitable (S2), and 24% as highly suitable (S1). In addition to all these, an editable and updatable ArcGIS model tool was also produced as a result of the study. Our results indicated that AHP and GIS are powerful and effective tools that can be used in land suitability modeling.

The effect of antifreeze protein type III (AFPIII) and human heat shock protein 70 (HHSP70), added to the vitrification medium of mouse embryos, on post-freeze/thaw in vitro embryonic growth rates and cell numbers were investigated. In total 20 female mice were synchronized. After synchronization, 2 females and 1 male were mated in the same cage. Twenty-four h after mating, the embryos were collected at the pronuclear stage. In total 8 groups were established, including a positive control group (C+), a negative control group (C-), and treatment groups that were vitrified in a medium added with 200, 400 and 800 ng/ml of AFPIII (AFPIII200, AFPIII400, AFPIII800), and 1, 2 and 4 µg/ml of HHSP70 (HHSP70-1, HHSP70-2, HHSP70-4). Solid surface vitrification (SSV) medium was prepared for the vitrification of the embryos. Once thawed, in vitro development rates of embryos were followed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Four embryos, which progressed to the full blastocyst stage, were taken from each group and stained with the Hoeschst 33258 and propidium iodine (PI) dyes to determine the inner cell mass (ICM), trophectoderm (TE) and total cell numbers. The groups showed statistically significant difference for in vitro embryonic development rates at 48, 72 and 96 h (p

Membrane separation techniques are used to separate certain components (protein, fat, water, etc.) in liquid products such as milk and to obtain these components in pure form, and also to remove microorganisms in these liquid products. In addition, these techniques are used to concentrate milk in the dairy industry. In membrane separation, components pass through pores of a certain size and are separated according to molecular weights. The basic principle in separation techniques is based on the fact that the liquid is passed through the pores of the membrane under certain pressure, the desired components (retantat) are kept in the pores and other components (permeate) pass through the membrane. The techniques used are grouped into four main categories: Microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and hyperfiltration (reverse osmosis). Among the advantages of the membrane separation technique are the low electricity consumption, the possibility of use in various areas, and the fact that it does not cause undesired changes in the product characteristics. There are disadvantages such as the cost of initial installation, fouling of the membrane pores, and the membrane cleaning takes a long time.

This study has emerged within the scope of the sectoral studies requested by the Ministry of Industry and Technology of Turkish Republic from the Development Agencies, and aims to select the optimal plant location among the organized industrial zones in the TR72 Region consisting of Kayseri, Sivas and Yozgat provinces in order to produce processed fibre from the raw fibre obtained as a by-product of hemp cultivation. The criteria such as parcel unit price, electricity unit price, service water unit price, waste water unit price, natural gas unit price, insurance premium employer's share support period, investment contribution rate for insurance premium employer’s share support, tax reduction rate, investment contribution rate for tax reduction, interest or profit share support, access to raw material sources, access to market and access to qualified labour supply that form the basis for the selection of plant location were determined and weighted according to the Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method The most available plant location among the emerging alternatives was determined by using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods consisting of Combined Comprimise Solution (COCOSO), Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) and Multi-Attributive Ideal-Real Comparative Analysis (MAIRCA). Consequently, it was concluded that Kaleseramik Private Organized Industrial Zone (OIZ) located in Yozgat province is the most available plant location among the other seven alternatives.

The genus Achillea (Yarrow)is one of the most important medicinal plants. Nowadays, different medicinal functions of yarrow such as spasmolytic, choleretic, treatment of wounds and anti-inflammatory activities, make it as an important medicinal plant. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of aqueous (AAE) and methanol (AME) extracts from the plant Achillea santolinoides L. (A. santolinoides L.) aerial parts in vitro. Quantitative evaluation of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and Bate Smith methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was carried out using ABTS radical scavenging, alkaline DMSO superoxide radical scavenging and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC). The obtained results showed that the highest content in total phenolic, flavonoids and tannins was found in the AME with values of 210.78±0.001 µg GAE/mg Dw, 21.18±0.025 µg QE/mg DW and198.73±0.014µg TAE/mg DW, respectively. For the in vitro antioxidant activity, AME had the strongest ABTS and DMSO alkaline radical scavenging activity (IC50= 6.74±0.16 µg/mL and 15.13±0.92 µg/mL, respectively) and the CUPRAC reducing with A0.50 of 76.56±2.35 µg/mL. The results of the present study confirm the use of the genus Achillea in the treatment of various diseases as a powerful antioxidant.

Poor germination and suboptimal seedling growth constitute as prime factors in lowering the achene yield and seed oil content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), while chemo-priming with micronutrients might serve as a biological viable strategy provided source and dose optimization are performed. A trial was executed to appraise the comparative impact of seed priming with different doses of micronutrients like boron (B) and zinc (Zn) on sunflower germination and seedling growth traits of sunflower. The experiment was comprised of six treatments of B (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.20 ppm) and Zn (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 mM) each, while seed germination, root and seedling growth related traits were taken as experimental variables. The results revealed that all treatments remained ineffective regarding seed germination and seed vigour of sunflower, while B and Zn doses of 0.2 ppm and 12 mM respectively, enhanced seedling emergence rate and vigour. The Zn (8 mM) significantly improved root length along with their fresh and dry weights, while all doses of B imparted antagonistic effects on root attributes. Likewise, Zn (8 mM) remained superior for shoot length, fresh and dry weights, while higher doses of B remained contra-productive for shoot growth of sunflower.

Mechanical properties provide information to design and develop suitable machines (equipment) for processing, transporting, and conveying chestnuts. Four chestnut cultivars that have not been studied before were investigated in the study carried out for this purpose. Some engineering properties of Macit 55, Akyüz, Ali Nihat, and Bouche de Betizac chestnut cultivars were determined and compared. The mechanical properties were determined by rupture force, rupture energy, deformation, and firmness values. The friction coefficients of chestnut varieties on a galvanized sheet, stainless steel, and rubber surfaces were investigated. Mechanical properties were determined using a Universal Testing Machine. The values obtained from the samples were obtained by compression between the parallel plate along the X, Y, and Z axes. For the static friction coefficient, while the galvanized sheet surface had the lowest value (0.145), the rubber surface had the highest value (0.212). For rupture forces, the force required to break the chestnut at the Z loading axis position (714.09 N) was higher than the required force at the Y loading axis position (396.35 N) of the fruit.