This study was performed to determine the effect of hatching system (house and hatcher) and egg weight (heavy and light) on pip-hatch time, hatchability and some gosling quality traits. A total of 389 eggs (fertile of candling) from 2-year-old Turkish Native Goose were used in the study. Before the incubation process, all eggs were individually numbered and weighed. Eggs were divided into heavy (≥160 g) and light (

Urban roads play a significant role for analyzing the complex structure of the city. The climatic features of the city provide information about the comfort of the inhabitants. The climate changes may be observed on a micro-scale due to the increase of impermeable surfaces. Surfaces such as concrete and asphalt contribute to the formation of an urban heat island as they store the temperature. This study aims to determine the effects of plant material, which is a significant element of urban roads, on temperature arising from surface materials. In this context, the effect of Ficus retusa-nitida on the formation of temperature caused by the surface material has been revealed. The study was carried out in Iskenderun, the second largest district of Hatay province in terms of population, in 3 stages in a periold of 6-months between July and December 2020. In the first stage, the studies on the subject were brought together and the points to be measured in the area were determined. At this stage, asphalt (shade-under F.retusa-nitida, sun) and parquet (shade-under F.retusa-nitida, sun) surfaces were selected at a total of 8 points located mutually on the main road axis. The second stage of the study is the stage where surface temperature measurements are made. Measurements were performed once a month at 06:00, 09:00; 12:00, 15:00; 18:00; 21:00 and 24:00 using an infrared thermometer at a height of 150 cm from the surface with 3 repetitions. At the third stage, all data were transferred to GIS using ArcGIS 10.5 software and modelled by using the Kriging Interpolation Method. In line with the results obtained, suggestions for the selection of surface material and the use of plant materials on urban roads have been developed.

The rapid increase in the world population increases the need for plant and animal food. Agriculture and animal husbandry practices are becoming more common day by day to meet the need for food and to obtain more products. This situation increases the amount of waste per unit of animal products. Increased animal excrement is associated with greenhouse gas emissions, harms the environment and animal health. One of these greenhouse gases, methane, increases animal production and poses a significant threat to global warming. Feeding research, which optimizes rumens and animal productivity to reduce ruminant methane emissions, is one of the hottest topics today. The purpose of this study is to evaluate feed distribution in terms of chemical composition, methane production, net energy, and organic matter digestibility by collecting forage and concentrates from various ranches in Niğde. Therefore, to increase the productivity of livestock on small farms in Turkey, the ratio of feed ingredients was determined on a farm basis, and there were some comments on the lower and upper limits of the fattening rate. Gas and methane production of TMR samples was determined using in vitro gas production technology. Nutrient contents obtained from different livestock farms CP (9.58-14.72), CF (1.89- 2.30), CA (7.64-13.92), ADF (19.77-27.82) NDF (36.71-45.69) DM (90.48-91.79) content, methane (CH₄), OMS, NEL and ME values were also different (P

Arabidopsis thaliana has eight genes encoding members of the type P1B heavy metal–transporting ATPase, subfamily of the P-type ATPases. We focused our study on four ATPases, mainly HMA1, HMA2, HMA3, and HMA4, which are closely related and most similar in their sequences. We carried out the bioinformatics analysis of these metal ATPases and obtained their structure in A. thaliana, A. halleri, and the other heavy metal accumulators in Brassica spp. A. thaliana is a model plant for research because of the duplications and other evolutionary events. These evolutionary events provided a chance to elucidate their regulation and function in the cell. All previous bioinformatics analyses have given some information about their structure, but not much work has been done on their structural components and interactome analysis. Experimental determination of 3D structures is essential to understand better these proteins’ function, which is crucial for the proper functioning of all plant cellular processes. Especially, docking sites and domains need to be worked out to understand the role of these transporter proteins and their interaction in plant cells. These bioinformatic analyses will help the researcher understand these ATPases’ role in detoxifying the toxic metals from the cells of accumulator plants. Further research on gene cloning, gene expression, and generating new accumulator plants for phytoremediation is needed to reclamation polluted soils from toxic heavy metals.

Broiler production supplements income of smallholder farm households. Profitability and productivity and analysis are important considerations in measuring efficiency or performance of a farm business; hence, improved output and income are not only a function of increase in the scale of production, but also how efficiently the resources are being utilized. This study therefore estimates the profitability and level of productivity among broiler farmers in Jos North, Plateau State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select respondents for this study. Primary data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, farm budgeting model and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) analysis. The study revealed that the net farm income of broiler production was ₦96,900/flock size; suggesting a relatively profitable venture with prospects for improved economic potentials. The estimated percentage profit margin was 45.6%; indicative of the percentage net margin accruable to the farmer from the estimated gross margin and benefit-cost ratio was 0.84. Furthermore, most (54.3%) of broiler farmers were sub-optimally productive as their TFP indices were below the optimal scale; attributable to sub-efficient input mix and cost of production inputs. In addition, constraints of broiler production in the study area included the following; high cost of feeds (92.9); high cost of chicks (85.7%); financial constraints (80%); high cost of poultry equipment (55.7%); high cost of medication (35.7); disease outbreak (28.6%) and inefficient market system (21.4%). Improving access to and subsidy of poultry feeds, chicks, production inputs and credit, extension, medical services and cooperative formation for market linkages are strongly recommended.

This study evaluates the chemical properties of mistletoe leaves powder from moringa trees (MLPM) and mistletoe leaves powder from kola nut trees (MLPK). The MLPM and MLPK were subjected to phytochemical analysis, vitamin A determination, lipid peroxidation inhibition activity, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) analysis, proximate and mineral composition analysis, alpha-amylase inhibitory activity and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Total phenol, steroids, and tannins concentrations were higher in MLPK than in MLPM; steroids was higher in MLPK than in MLPM; whereas total flavonoids and saponins concentrations, were equivalents. MLPK had greater vitamin A concentrations and DPPH than MLPM. The lipid peroxidation inhibition of MLPM and MLPK did not differ significantly. MLPM had higher moisture, crude fibre, and ash content than MLPK. Furthermore, MLPK had larger fat, crude protein, and nitrogen-free extract contents than MLPM. The MLPM and MLPK have similar Zn (0.9 vs. 1.3 mg/kg), Ca (20.1 vs. 13.1 mg/kg), Mg (66.1 vs. 70.2 mg/kg), and P (185.8 vs. 183.5 mg/kg) contents. The alpha-amylase inhibitory action of MLPM (40.40%) and MLPK (35.07%) were similar. MLPK (44.37%), on the other hand, has a stronger alpha-glucose inhibitory action than MLPM (32.47%). Finally, phenol, steroids, tannins, and steroids varied between MLPM and MLPK, with phenol, steroids, and tannins being greater in MLPK. The MLPM had higher vitamin A concentrations and antioxidant activity than MLPK. The MLPM and MLPK inhibited alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activity.

In Turkey, three species of mulberries, white (M. Alba), black (M. Nigra), and red-purple (M. Rubra) are grown commonly. These widely can be consumed fresh as well as dry. However, its rapid post-harvest decay raises major concerns about the sustainability of the fruit for both food and economic purposes. In this regard, besides the fresh consumption of black mulberry fruit, it can consume as dried it also offers an alternative way. In this study, it was aimed to compare some quality parameters in fresh and dry samples of Morus rubra fruits grown in Tokat. It was applied different temperatures to Morus rubra fruits that at collected in two different maturity levels (semi-ripe and full-ripe). In the drying process, mulberry fruits were dried in a hot air dryer at 40, 50, 60, and 70°C. Total phenol, Total phenol, total monomeric anthocyanin, total antioxidant capacity, colour values (L, a, b) chroma, hue (ho), and browning indices values will be measured in fresh and dried products. In addition, different mathematical models will be tried by constantly noting the weight drops of the products at certain time intervals and determining which mathematical model will best predict the drying kinetics

In this study, genetic relationship of ISSR markers of seven endemic Inula species distributed in Turkey was carried out. Plant samples were collected from different regions of Turkey in 2013 and gDNA was obtained by DNA isolation from green leaves. Genetic relationship between species was determined using 12 ISSR primers. PCR products were run on agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized under UV light. All gel images were examined and the presence and absence of polymorphic bands were scored as 0 and 1. A total of 85 bands were obtained from the primers. Of these, 74 polymorphic and 11 monomorphic bands were obtained. The total polymorphism rate was found to be approximately 87.05%. The phylogenetic tree and genetic distances between species were calculated using the PAUP 0 4.0b10 analysis program. According to the distance matrix, the genetic distance was found between the closest Inula helenium subsp. orgyalis and Inula helenium subsp. vanensis (0.29851), while the farthest between Inula sarana and Inula macrocephala (0.56000) species. The phylogenetic tree was obtained using the UPGMA algorithm, and the tree consisted of two groups. The results were compared with the morphological, palynological nrDNA and cpDNA results of the past. Our findings supported previous studies.

The objective of this study was to find out the performance of a seeding unit metering coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum L.) with a fluted roll. As a first step for the determination of the performance of the metering unit, flow rate measurements were achieved at a combination of five roll lengths and ten different rpm values with three replications. The coefficient of variation (CV, %) was calculated and each CV value was used to characterize the flow evenness. The seed distributions were obtained at three seeding rates (15, 20 and 25 kg ha-1) and three forward speeds (1.0, 1.5 and 2 ms-1). The data obtained from the sticky belt test stand experiments; the seed distribution uniformity was evaluated based on two performance criterion. One of them was the variation factor (Vƒ) and the other one was the goodness criterion (λ). The CV (%) values of flow evenness were found to vary between 0.28 and 1.05%. On the other hand, the variation factor (Vƒ) values were found to range from 0.65 to 0.83 and these values indicated that the seeding can be characterized as precision seeding at all combinations of three seeding rate and three forward speeds. The goodness criterion (λ) values varied between 69 % and 77.3%. Based on the evaluation range of the goodness criterion (λ), the seeding at a seeding rate of 15 kg ha-1 and forward speed of 1.0 ms-1 along with the seeding rate of 20 and 25 kg ha-1 at a forward speed of 1.0 and 1.5 ms-1 was classified as very good. The rest of the four seeding rates and forward speeds combinations, the goodness criterion (λ) was evaluated to be good quality.