Bu araştırmanın amacı Giresun ilinde kırsal ve kentsel alanda yaşayan halkın tıbbi bitki kullanım alışkanlığının belirlenmesidir. Bu amaca yönelik soruları içeren anket formu hazırlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre tıbbi bitki kullanım alışkanlığını %15,2 erkek, %30,4 kadın katılımcı sürekli kullanırım, %35,9 erkek, %18,6 katılımcı ise ihtiyacım olunca kullanırım şeklinde tanımlamıştır. Hem erkek hem de kadın katılımcıların %48,2’sinin tıbbi bitkileri hastalık tedavisinde ve sağlıklarını sürdürmek için kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Erkeklerin %25,4’ü, kadınların %25,9’ü tıbbi bitkileri aktar + marketten temin ettiği, erkek bireylerin %50,5’inin kadınların %48,7’sinin basın yayın yoluyla yapılan haberlerin bitkilerle tedaviye ilgilerini artırdığı, tıbbi bitkilerle ilgili bilgi edinme yöntemlerinin erkeklerde %31,9, kadınlarda %34,3 oranında büyüklerimden + arkadaşlarımdan + basın-yayın yoluyla kombinasyonunda yoğunlaştığı, en çok kullanılan tıbbi bitkinin erkeklerde (%5,6) ve kadınlarda (%5,5) nane bitkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca erkeklerin %9,5’inin kadınların %9,1’inin en çok tıbbi bitkilere başvurdukları hastalığın soğuk algınlığı olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bitkisel ilaçların tatlandırılması için erkeklerin %10,7’si şeker + bal + limon kombinasyonunu tercih etmiş, kadınların ise %10,7’si herhangi bir tatlandırmaya ihtiyaç duymadığını belirtmiştir. Tıbbi bitki hazırlamak için kullanılan materyalin cinsine erkelerin %30,4’ünün dikkat etmediği bu oranın kadınlarda %13,6 olduğu, kadınların %33,0’ının ise materyal olarak cam + porselen kullandığı belirlenmiştir. Erkeklerin %29,6’sının kadınların %33,0’ünün tıbbi bitkilerini mutfak dolabı + buzdolabında muhafaza ettiği, ambalaj olarak ise %24,9 oranında erkek bireylerin, %26,7 oranında kadın bireylerin naylon ambalaj + cam ambalaj kullandığı tespit edilmiştir.

However, irrigation practice is poor in Ethiopia, increases agricultural production and productivity. The study was conducted in Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia. The object of this study is to see contribution of small scale irrigation towards increasing agricultural production, and identify the factors that affecting the use of small scale irrigation. From the district, three peasant associations were purposively selected each from different agro ecological classifications. Sampling size of 116 households was interviewed and Secondary data were also collected from the office. Three different types of irrigation were identified; Surface irrigation type using furrow method of irrigation is the most common irrigation type in the study area, which accounts about 66.5%. The study indicated that, water scarcity, lack improved seed, and disease outbreak and drought were among the major constraints of irrigation practices in the study area. Therefore practicing water harvesting and supplying improved technologies provide extended service regularly for farmers should be practiced in the future.

This research was conducted to overcome the problem of slow and erratic emergence in okra and to find out the effects of priming on germination, growth performance and yield in okra at Research Field of Nepal Polytechnic Institute (NPI) Bharatpur-11, Chitwan, Nepal (April-July, 2019). Arka Anamika variety was used for experiment. The experiment was laid out in Randomize Complete Block Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications, i.e. T1 (hormonal priming with IBA), T2 (hydro priming with fresh tap water), T3 (halo priming with NaCl), T4 (chemo priming with liquid urea) and T5 (un-primed seeds). Field experiment results showed that priming proved effective in improving germination percent except the chemo priming, reducing the mean germination time (MGT), improving the growth parameters (plant height, number of branches, plant canopy and number of leaves) and improving yield contributing characters like fruit length, fruit diameter as compared to un-primed seeds. The highest and lowest germination percentages were found in hydro priming and hormonal priming respectively while better growth performance in hormonal and chemo priming. Similarly, hormonal and hydro priming resulted in higher yield. Hence, it is suggested that seed priming is important to improve the overall germination, growth performance and yield in okra.

In agricultural production, one of the limiting factors on plant growth and yield is soil salinity. The plant growth regulators are of considerable importance in alleviating the negative effect of salt stress. The study was carried out to determine the effects of salicylic (SA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on the growth and some physiological characters in canola (Brassica napus L.) under salinity conditions in greenhouse. For this purpose, a factorial experiment set up as completely randomized design was conducted with three levels of SA (0, 0.5 and 1 mM) and GA3 (0, 50 and 100 mg l-1) and four levels of NaCl (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) with three replications. In the study, leaf area, plant height, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll content and the loss of leaf turgor were investigated. Salt treatments reduced significantly all of the considered parameters, compared with the control. Salinity caused a significant reduction of 63 and 67%in plant height and leaf area, respectively, as compared to the control plants. On the contrary, electrolyte leakage was markedly increased (six-fold) with increasing NaCl levels. Gibberellic acid increased significantly plant height and reduced the loss of leaf turgor, without a significant improve in other parameters. The results indicated that application of SA and GA3 to salinity stressed plants did not significantly affect canola vegetative growth. However, GA3 caused a partial decrease in the adverse effect of salinity.

In this study, an investigation of the preference and perception of the different broiler housing and feeding systems among staff and students of Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey was undertaken. A structured questionnaire was administered with a face-to-face to 790 randomly selected respondents [257 academic staff (academicians), 166 non-academic staff (worker with a secondary school national graduate diploma) and 367 undergraduate students (students)]. Most respondents preferred chicken (63.3%) and beef (32.0%) meats to fish meat (4.7%). The number of academicians preferred broiler meat (16.8%) was lower than those of students (52.6%) and workers (30.6%). There were significant differences among respondents in terms of preference and perception of different production sources of chicken meat. The proportion of academicians who preferred conventional broiler meat (68.2%) was higher than students (25.4%) and workers (6.4%). The impact of mediatic information (disinformation) about broiler meat relating to ingredients and/or feed additives used in broiler nutrition was higher on academics and students compared to workers. The results of the study indicated that as the level of education increases, the negative perception increased due to false media reports about chicken meat production and subsequently, the preference for chicken meat decreased.

The red flour beetle is a very important primary insect pest of wheat worldwide. The experiments were performed to check the virulence of Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea by insect dipping method on the adults and 2nd instar of Tribolium castaneum. Conidia were taken from 15 days old fungi and subsequently four concentrations i.e., 2×108, 3×108, 4×108 and 5×108 spores/ml of both fungi were prepared in 0.05% Tween 80 solution. Minimum 12.5% and maximum 32.5% mortality of adult insects was recorded on 7th day after the treatment at 2×108 and 5×108 spores/ml concentrations of B. bassiana, respectively while on larval stages, minimum 2.5% on 5th day and maximum 80.0% mortality was observed on 7th day post treatment of B. bassiana, respectively. On the other side, minimum 7.5 and maximum 22.5 mortality percentage was noted on 7th day post application of I. fumosorosea, respectively while on immatures minimum 5% on 6th day and highest 70% mortality was noted on 7th day post infection with 2×108 and 5×108 spores/ml of I. fumosorosea, correspondingly. This study showed the effectiveness of insect pathogenic fungi against the important stored grain insect pest and proved to be a positive management strategy.

Essential oils (EOs) are known for its antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic bacteria. The present work evaluated the antimicrobial activity of 15 different EOs on survival of different strains of different Staphyloccocus aureus strains isolated from traditional cheeses by disc diffusion method. The most antimicrobial activity on the strains was found as oil thyme oil (mean zone diameter 23.203 mm). Clove oil and black seed oil had the highest antimicrobial activity after thyme oil with average zone diameters of 13.698 mm and 11.267 mm respectively. Hypericum perforatum L. oil (mean zone 6.209 mm), ginger oil (mean zone 6.250 mm) and garlic oil (mean zone 6.267 mm) were the lowest antimicrobial activity. New studies about antimicrobial effect of EOs in vivo conditions are recommended.

In this study, the presence and residue levels of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) were investigated in traditionally produced cube cheeses in Sivas and its region. For this purpose, 90 pieces of cube cheese were used as a material. Cheese samples were collected periodically in November and December 2016 from central sales location and surrounding villages. ELISA technique was applied in aflatoxin analyses. According to the analysis results, AFM1 was detected in total of the cube cheeses. The lowest level of AFM1 was found to be 2.16 ng/kg, the highest was 53.94 ng/kg and the mean was 6.36±0.87 ng/kg. AFM1 level vas determined one cheese sample above to the limit set by European Union.

This study analyses implication of COVID- 19 pandemics in the agricultural sector of Turkey. In the study taken measures in the sector are considered. The focus of the paper is twofold. The first objective is to take a glance at COVID 19, how it started, and how affected sectors or businesses. This aim supported by the literature review which is getting a shape recently, on the grounds founded papers were limited. It can be seen that generally all countries suffered from the same problems apart from the countries sectors have problems in common. Lastly, we tried to focus on the agricultural sector especially in Turkey and we presented precautions taken agricultural sector in Turkey. In addition to this to the objective, we tried to synthesize all our findings and present suggestions in case this process prolonged. The originality of the paper comes from it is the first study that draws a general outline for Turkey’s agricultural sector considering the pandemic.

Rosemary has played an important role from past to present and has antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. With these features, it is used in many sectors, especially food and pharmacy. Rosemary essential oils have a positive effect on biological activity. In addition, this oil prevents lipid oxidation on foods, providing a long and fresh shelf life. Due to the high antioxidant properties of rosemary, it eliminates the harmful effect of reactive oxygen species. Since the main components of rosemary such as 1,8-cineol, camphor, α-pinene, carnosic acid, and carnosol are being antimicrobial and antifungal, it is effective against many pathogens. With this review, it is aimed to provide comprehensive information on the biological activities of rosemary and its extracts to shed light on future research.